病毒性脑炎的MRI诊断

目的探讨病毒性脑炎MR I表现特点及与急性播散性脑脊髓炎(ADEM)鉴别的可能性。方法分析56例病毒性脑炎及50例ADEM的脑部MR I表现,重点分析病毒性脑炎的脑部MR I表现。结果病毒性脑炎脑内有多发或单发的对称或不对称大片状病灶,主要位于皮层、皮层下及基底节-丘脑区,MR I呈长T1长T2信号,增强扫描27例,显示病灶强化者17例,其中呈大片状或脑回状强化者10例。ADEM则脑内有多发不对称斑点、斑片状病灶,主要位于双侧脑室周围及额颞顶枕叶脑白质区,MR I呈长T1长T2信号,增强扫描20例,显示病灶强化者15例,均为环形或斑点状强化。结论MR I是诊断病毒性脑炎重要的辅助检查方法,可在一定程度上为临床的早期诊断及鉴别诊断提供依据。     

流行性乙型脑炎的MRI诊断及临床意义

目的 探讨流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的MRI影像表现和临床应用价值.资料与方法 经临床血清学检测确诊的14例乙脑患者.全部行MRI扫描,扫描序列包括:T1-液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)、T2WI、T2-FLAIR和扩散加权成像(DWI).分析病灶累及部位和各序列的MRI信号特征.结果 病灶单独累及丘脑者3例,累及双侧丘脑同时伴有单个或多个其他部位受累10例,其中大脑脚、基底节、大脑皮层及小脑齿状核受累分别为6、4、2、1例.1例为右侧额叶广泛受累.病灶在T1-FLAIR多数呈低信号,在T2WI呈高信号.DWI上高信号7例,等信号4例,低信号3例.14例在T2-FLAIR上全部呈高信号.2例病灶中合并有出血灶.结论 乙脑可以累及多个部位,但以双侧丘脑损害为特征性表现.T2-FLAIR和DWI对乙脑诊断及治疗中随访观察有很高的诊断价值,MRI可作为乙脑的首选影像诊断手段.     

小儿手足口病并脑炎的MRI诊断

目的:探讨小儿手足口病并脑炎的MRI影像表现及诊断价值。方法:对52例经临床确诊的手足口病并脑炎患儿行MRI检查。分析手足口病并脑炎患儿脑内病灶的信号特征。结果:52例中有35例可见脑内异常表现,阳性率为67.3%(35/52)。病灶单发者6例,多发者29例;累及大脑灰质29例,丘脑6例,基底核8例,小脑1例,脑干3例。病灶T1WI为低信号21例,等信号14例;T2WI为高信号27例,等信号8例;FLAIR/T2WI为高信号29例,等信号6例;DWI为高信号31例,等信号4例。结论:MRI是小儿手足口病并脑炎的首选影像诊断手段,FLAIR/T2WI和DWI序列是该病的诊断及随访观察的主要扫描序列。     

病毒性脑炎的MRI诊断及临床意义

目的：研究病毒性脑炎的MRI表现特点，探讨MRI对病毒性脑炎的诊断价值。材料和方法：搜集55例经临床诊断为病毒性脑炎的病例，其中男31例。回顾分析其脑部MRI表现。结果：55例中共54例脑部MRI有异常表现。病灶单发或多发，可见于大脑半球、小脑及脑干。大部分病灶不对称分布，少数累及基底节、丘脑病例可对称分布，病灶呈不规则片状或斑片状、点状，可局限于脑皮质或白质，亦可皮髓质同时累及，T1WI呈等、低信号，TWI呈高信号，大部病灶FLAIR呈高信号，部分病程较长者可见软化灶，FLAIR呈低信号。27例增强扫描见8例病灶无强化，19例增强病灶呈不规则片状、环形、结节状及半环形强化。结论：MRI是诊断病毒性脑炎重要的辅助检查方法，具有敏感、准确的优点，结合临床可提高病毒性脑炎的诊断准确率。     

MRI诊断Rasmussen综合征1例

患者，男性，11岁，10年前无明显诱因失神发作，间断服用托吡酯药物，效果不明显。自发病以来，患者不能言语，大小便失禁，行为躁动。入院查体：神志清楚，发育迟缓，不能言语，智力低下，反应迟钝，定向、认知、理解力均没有反应，四肢肌力5级，四肢肌张力正常，病理征未引出。脑电图示：各导散见棘尖波、慢波，左额区明显。MRI示：右侧额叶、颞叶及顶枕叶萎缩，脑沟、脑裂及蛛网膜下腔增宽，脑室扩张，大脑皮质变薄，脑白质区可．见片状长T2信号（图1），考虑为Rasmussen综合征。     

幼儿暴发性亚急性硬化性全脑炎的MRI诊断

目的提高对暴发性亚急性硬化性全脑炎（SSPE）的MRI表现的认识。方法报告2例经病理证实的暴发性SSPE的MRI所见，并作文献复习。结果1例表现为弥漫性脑组织肿胀、脑沟变浅、大脑皮髓质分界不清，呈大片稍长T1、长T2信号。1例表现为双侧额颞叶、双基底节多处散在的长T1、长T2信号灶，有占位效应及强化。结论暴发性SSPE的MRI特征表现为不同程度的持续性脑肿胀，与一般SSPE患者以脑萎缩表现为主不同。MRI能显示其病变弥漫、灰白质均受累的特征。     

病毒性脑炎的病理基础与MRI诊断

目的 探讨病毒性脑炎MRI表现特点及其与病理变化的相关性,深化对病毒性脑炎影像表现的认识.方法 回顾性分析17例经临床证实的病毒性脑炎患者MRI影像表现与病毒性脑炎病理表现的相关性.17例均行MRI平扫及FLAIR扫描,其中13例行增强扫描.结果 病毒性脑炎病灶主要位于大脑皮层灰质及大脑皮层下灰质核团.16例为多发病灶,1例为单发.病灶边缘清晰,周边无明显水肿.平扫T_1WI呈稍低或等信号,T_2WI呈稍高信号,FLAIR序列呈明显高信号.增强后病变表现多样,2例无明显强化,15例表现为脑表面线样强化,其中6例伴脑实质病变内淡薄斑片状强化,2例呈脑回状强化.结论 MRI能够反映病毒性脑炎的病理表现,对鉴别诊断很有价值.     

森林脑炎的MRI表现

目的 探讨森林脑炎的MRI表现,提高对本病的认识水平及诊断水平.方法 对近期临床确诊森林脑炎并且有MRI资料的38例患者进行回顾性分析.结果 森林脑炎MRI主要表现是单发(5例)或多发(26例)的片状、斑片状T2WI高信号、T1WI略低信号影,其中累及丘脑16例,基底节10例,放射冠8例,岛叶5例,胼胝体5例,脑干5例,颞叶3例,顶叶3例,额叶2例,齿状核2例,局部脑肿胀4例.结论 森林脑炎MRI表现有一定的特征性,是诊断和判断森林脑炎病情的必不可少的检查.     

小儿流行性乙型脑炎的MRI特征分析

目的 探讨小儿流行性乙型脑炎的MRI特征.方法 回顾性分析40例乙型脑炎患儿的MRI表现,分析病灶的好发部位及其信号特征,数据采用构成比表示.40例(男24例,女16例)均在发病3～30 d期间行头颅常规T1WI、T2WI扫描,其中32例行轴位FLAIR扫描,31例行DWI扫描,7例行钆喷酸葡胺(Gd-DTPA)增强检查.结果 颅内病变主要在T1WI呈稍低信号,在T2WI呈稍高或高信号,在FLAIR序列以稍高信号多见,在DWI上多数呈高信号,部分呈稍高信号.40例中,37例病灶累及丘脑(92.5%),15例累及基底节(37.5%),12例累及大脑脚(30%),8例累及大脑皮层(20%),5例累及脑干(12.5%),2例累及胼胝体(5%).病灶常呈双侧对称性分布,增强扫描病灶均未见明显强化.结论小儿乙型脑炎的MRI的特征以双侧丘脑受累最多见,其次是基底节及大脑脚受累,而大脑皮层、脑干及胼胝体受累较少见.     

1例艾滋病脑炎的MRI诊断及相关文献复习

<正>随着社会的进步及医疗科技的发展,越来越多的艾滋病患者病情的诊断、发展分析及随访成为可能。现将我院1例艾滋病脑炎报道如下。病例资料:男,33岁,间断性头痛半年余,休息后缓解,未予治疗,近1周头痛加重,伴恶心、呕吐。实验室检查:3年前查出HIV(+)。MRI平扫及增强扫描示:右侧额颞叶见大片状、欠规则、稍长T1、长T2信号,T1压脂稍低信号,FLAIR高信号,占位效应明显,额颞叶脑沟裂消失,右侧脑室前角受压变窄,     

支原体脑炎的磁共振诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振成像对支原体脑炎的影像学特点及临床诊断价值。方法:对21例支原体脑炎患者行颅脑MRI检查,12例增强扫描。结果:MRI表现异常16例,正常5例。①病变形态及分布:脑白质多发、散在的点状或/及斑片状异常信号8例;两侧大脑半球弥漫性异常信号3例;脑室扩大,侧脑室后角周围异常信号3例;皮层灰质内脑回状异常信号2例;②病变信号:所有病例T2WI及FLAIR序列呈略高或高信号,T1WI呈等或低信号,在DWI(b=1000)像上均呈异常高信号;③增强扫描:12例行增强扫描中,4例呈点状或/及斑片状强化,8例无异常强化。结论:MRI表现具有一定特征性,且有助于诊断支原体脑炎,并可显示支原体脑炎脑实质受累范围和程度,为临床治疗及判定预后提供可靠依据。     

MRI in Japanese encephalitis

We document the MRI features in seven patients with Japanese encephalitis. MRI was carried out on a 1.5 T system within 10–60 days of onset. In all the patients MRI revealed bilateral thalamic lesions, haemorrhagic in five. Signal changes were present in the cerebrum in four patients, the midbrain and cerebellum in three each, the pons in two and the basal ganglia in one. The lesions were haemorrhagic in three of the four patients with lesions in the cortex, two of the three with lesions in the midbrain and cerebellum, but the pontine lesions were haemorrhagic in both patients. Spinal cord involvement was seen in one of the three patients who underwent MRI. In two patients MRI was repeated 3 years after the onset, showing marked reduction in abnormal signal; and all the lesions gave low signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Bilateral thalamic involvement, especially haemorrhagic, may be considered characteristic of Japanese encephalitis, especially in endemic areas. Received: 2 January 1996 Accepted: 2 February 1996     

MRI of herpes simplex encephalitis

Summary The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in eight patients with herpes simplex meningoencephalitis were reviewed: 14 examinations were analysed. The most striking finding was high signal intensity in the temporal lobe(s) with the typical configuration known from CT. Meningeal enhancement after Gd-DTPA administration was clearly seen in four patients. Haemorrhagic changes are much better seen on MRI than on CT. When adequate motion control can be achieved, MRI becomes the examination of choice in the diagnosis and follow-up of herpes simplex encephalitis. Localized¹H MR spectroscopy also proved promising in the study of neuronal loss.     

肿瘤样脑炎的MRI表现分析

目的:探讨肿瘤样脑炎的MRI表现。方法:回顾性分析本院10例肿瘤样脑炎患者的MRI资料,所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强检查。结果:肿瘤样脑炎平扫呈长T1、长T2不均匀信号,边界欠清晰,周围有水肿带,灰白质同时受累,占位征象较轻。增强扫描4例呈单发结节或环形伴核心样明显强化,6例为单发或多发偏心结节状明显强化,有5例(5/10)伴邻近脑膜线状强化、其中2例(2/10)同时有脑回状强化。结论:肿瘤样脑炎MRI平扫表现缺乏特征性,增强扫描表现有一定特征性,充分认识其MRI表现并结合临床对肿瘤样脑炎的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

小儿重症手足口病并发脑炎的MRI表现

目的:探讨小儿重症手足口病(HFMD)并发脑炎的MRI表现.方法:回顾性分析24例小儿手足口病并发脑炎的MRI表现.结果:24例小儿脑部病变共69处病灶.病变多发13例,对称性分布10例,非对称性3例;多发病灶以脑白质病变为主,共37处病变;病变单发11例,其中累及丘脑2例,累及基底节区4例,累及脑干2例,累及颞叶1例...     

MRI in tick-borne encephalitis

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus gives rise to epidemic encephalitis. Mild forms usually manifest as influenza-like episodes or are clinically silent. MRI is usually normal in TBE. We describe severe TBE in a patient who presented with fever and altered mental status after a tick bite and a specific antibody response to TBE. MRI revealed pronounced signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and thalamus, without contrast enhancement. These findings coincide well with neuropathological studies of severe nerve cell degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltrates, neuronophagia and reactive astrocytosis in the deep grey matter. We review the literature and discuss the relevant differential diagnosis. Received: 10 November 1999/Accepted: 4 February 2000     

MRI and proton spectroscopy in a child with Rasmussen's encephalitis. Case report

The greater sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) compared with MRI to brain abnormalities in Rasmussen's encephalitis was demonstrated in a 3-year-old boy. The patient, with symptoms, signs and morphological findings consistent with Rasmussen's encephalitis, was followed with MRI and MRS over 30 months. That metabolic changes can be disclosed by MRS before the development of symptoms or signs was demonstrated as pathological spectra were found not only in the diseased left hemisphere but also in the morphologically normal right hemisphere before any neurological disturbance of that side. Received: 21 December 1998 Accepted: 16 April 1999     

36例病毒性脑炎的临床与MR分析

目的 :提高对病毒性脑炎的MRI及临床的认识。方法 :回顾性分析 3 6例经临床治疗后好转的病毒性脑炎的临床及MRI表现。常规行矢状位T1WI、轴位T1WI、T2 WI、FLAIR序列检查 ,其中 3 0例行增强扫描。结果 :3 0例MR初诊为病毒性脑炎 ,MR表现为颅内多发、片状或团片状异常信号 ,累及额、顶、颞、枕叶、基底节 丘脑区、中脑、小脑半球。T1WI呈稍低或等信号 ,T2 WI呈稍高信号 ,FLAIR序列呈明显高信号。增强扫描有多种表现 ,包括无明显强化、小点状、线样、团片状及脑回状强化 ,脑膜亦可强化 ,其中单疱病毒性脑炎 12例。误诊为脑梗死 2例 ,胶质瘤 1例 ,胶质瘤病 1例 ,脱髓鞘性病变 2例。结论 :MR对病毒性脑炎显示清楚 ,部分病毒性脑炎MR表现复杂 ,应结合临床资料考虑。     

MRI in carcinomatous encephalitis

We report a rare case of miliary brain metastases presenting with symptoms similar to encephalitis (“carcinomatous encephalitis”). Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated miliary metastases more distinctly than other imaging methods and reproduced the pathological features. Received: 28 March 1996 Accepted: 29 April 1996