头颈部孤立性纤维瘤的影像学表现

目的：探讨头颈部孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的影像特征,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的头颈部 SFT 患者的 CT 和 MR 表现。10例均行 CT 平扫及双期增强扫描、2例行 MR 检查。结果10例病灶均表现为孤立的肿块,最大径20~115 mm,中位最大径约35.5 mm。肿瘤发生于眼眶2例、鼻腔鼻窦4例,腮腺、面颊、锁骨上区及枕部各1例。病变边界清楚8例、模糊2例,呈椭圆形7例,分叶状3例。CT 平扫呈等或稍低密度,其中4例密度均匀,6例密度不均匀(2例见多发囊变区,1例见结节状钙化灶)。增强后9例呈明显均匀(n=3)或不均匀(n=6)强化,1例呈轻度均匀强化。CT 双期增强强化模式包括快速强化缓慢廓清8例、快速强化快速廓清1例和延迟强化1例。与脑实质相比,T1 WI 呈均匀等信号1例,等、低混杂信号1例;T2 WI 呈均匀等信号1例,等、高混杂信号(多发囊变)1例;增强后分别呈均匀和不均匀显著强化。结论头颈部不均匀的富血供肿瘤要考虑到 SFT 的可能。瘤体 T2 WI 与脑实质相比呈等或稍低信号,CT 增强扫描明显强化,双期增强呈快速强化缓慢廓清的强化模式可能是有诊断价值的影像特点。     

恶性孤立性纤维瘤的影像学表现(附5例报道)

目的探讨恶性孤立性纤维瘤(malignant solitary fibrous tumor,MSFT)的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的MSFT,其中行CT检查者4例,3例行增强检查;1例行MR增强扫描。分析CT、MRI影像学特征,并与病理学结果进行对照研究。结果 5例MSFT患者中,口底1例,胸部2例,肾脏1例,盆底1例;病灶最大长径44~176mm;2例呈类圆形或椭圆形,3例形态不规则;3例边界清楚,2例边界不清;1例行MR扫描,信号不均匀,T1WI呈等高信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描呈明显不均匀强化;4例行CT扫描,3例CT平扫密度不均匀,内见大小不等坏死区,1例CT平扫密度均匀,增强扫描均呈中度-明显不均匀强化。结论 SFT出现信号或密度不均匀、缺血性坏死、黏液样变性、增强后明显不均匀强化、延迟性强化等影像学特征提示MSFT可能性大。     

胸膜外孤立性纤维性肿瘤MSCT与MRI征象

目的:探讨胸膜外孤立性纤维性肿瘤(ESFT)的MSCT与MRI影像诊断。方法:分析12例ESFT的CT与MRI资料,5例行CT平扫和增强,4例MR平扫和增强,1例行CT平扫及MR平扫和增强,2例MR平扫。结果:腹盆部5例,头面部5例,四肢2例;单发11例,双发1例,共13处病灶;瘤体呈类圆形5例,不规则形8例;边缘清楚6例,边缘呈浸润或模糊状7例;实性10例,囊实性3例。CT平扫呈均匀及混杂密度各3例,5例增强后动脉期均匀强化2例,不均匀强化3例,强化呈斑片状和线条状,静脉期进行性增强或减低,3例见钙化及坏死。MR平扫肿瘤实质部分4例T1WI等信号,T2WI等及稍高信号;4例T1WI等、低信号,T2WI等、低或稍高混杂信号;增强后肿瘤实质明显强化。结论:ESFT影像学有一定特征,典型征象为孤立的明显进行性强化的软组织肿瘤,当肿瘤实质区T1WI或T2WI出现等低信号且增强明显强化时应考虑SFT诊断可能。     

钙化上皮瘤的影像表现及病理基础

【摘要】目的：分析钙化上皮瘤的CT及MRI表现,并探讨其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的钙化上皮瘤患者影像学资料并复习相关文献,其中8例行CT平扫及增强扫描,6例行MR平扫及增强检查,2例仅行CT平扫,1例先行X线片,后行MR平扫加增强检查。结果：10例CT共13个病灶。8个病灶见钙化,其中5个病灶完全钙化。2个病灶见坏死。10个病灶边界清清楚,3个瘤周见絮状稍高密度影。8例CT增强扫描共11个病灶,其中3个轻度强化,5个不均匀中度强化,3个病灶完全钙化无强化。6例MR均为单发,2例T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈外周高中央低信号,DWI呈环状高信号,增强呈“环靶征”。2例T1WI呈等或稍高信号,T2WI呈高信号,内见微囊状更高信号,灶周可见斑片状高信号,增强不均匀强化。2例T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI均呈稍高信号,增强不均匀强化。1例X线片呈高密度,T1WI呈低信号,T1WI压脂呈不均匀稍高信号,T2WI压脂呈高低混杂信号,增强扫描不均匀强化,以中央强化较为明显。结论：钙化上皮瘤的影像表现有一定特征,当病灶位于皮下,边界清楚,CT见广泛泥沙样或致密的局灶性钙化,MR上见微囊状改变,增强扫描轻至中度强化,尤其呈“环靶征”表现时,应考虑到PM的诊断。     

泌尿生殖系统孤立性纤维瘤的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨泌尿生殖系统孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的CT与MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的SFT患者的影像学资料,6例均行CT检查,1例行MRI扫描.结果 6例SFT中,肾脏、前列腺、睾丸、子宫、阴道及尿道各1例,均为单发圆形或类圆形肿块,5例边界清楚,1例边界欠清,大小约1.0 cm ×0.9 cm～ 15.2 cm×14.1 cm,平均约8.3 cm×7.1 cm.CT平扫3例呈等稍低均匀密度,3例呈不均匀等密度,伴斑片状低密度区;增强扫描动脉期肿块不均匀明显强化,延迟期肿块进一步持续强化,3例内见坏死无强化区;4例肿块内或表面可见粗大供血血管.MRI 1例T1WI呈等稍低信号,T2 WI呈等稍低信号,其内见小斑片状高信号及粗大的流空血管.结论 CT或MRI表现为孤立性、类圆形、实性肿块,边界清楚,密度或信号均匀或不均匀,增强动脉期明显不均匀强化,延迟期肿块进一步持续强化,尤其看到肿块内粗大的供血血管时,应考虑SFT可能.     

孤立性纤维性肿瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)的CT和MRI表现,以提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理及免疫组织化学证实的21例SFT的CT及MRI表现.13例行CT检查,其中10例行增强扫描;7例行MRI检查,4例行增强扫描;1例行CT、MRI平扫及CT增强扫描.结果 21例均为单发病灶,其中肿瘤位于胸部10例,腹部4例,颈面部3例,颅内2例,椎管内1例,眼眶1例.肿瘤最大径1.5～30.0 cm,平均9.9 cm.体积较小者呈椭圆形或圆形,体积较大者呈分叶状或不规则状.CT表现:肿瘤实质呈与肌肉相似的等密度,8例内见斑片状囊变坏死区,1例肿瘤内见条状钙化,3例伴出血;MRI表现:肿瘤实质在T1WI上呈等信号,T2WI上3例呈等信号或稍低信号,4例呈高信号,1例呈等高混杂信号,4例肿瘤内见囊变.增强表现:10例呈不均匀性强化,其中7例强化呈“地图”样;7例肿瘤内或周边可见明显强化的迂曲血管.结论 SFT的CT及MRI表现有一定的特征性,提高对本病的认识有助于术前的正确诊断.     

肝细胞腺瘤的影像表现及与病理结果的对照分析

目的 探讨肝细胞腺瘤的影像特征及其相关病理基础.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的12例肝细胞腺瘤患者资料,根据肿瘤的病理特性分为脂肪变性型、炎细胞浸润伴血窦扩张型、异型细胞型和不典型肝细胞腺瘤4类亚型,分析不同病理亚型肝细胞腺瘤的CT及MR表现特征并与病理结果进行对照分析.结果 脂肪变性型共4例,其中2例行CT扫描,1例行MR扫描,1例同时行CT加MR扫描.CT平扫1例,表现为低密度;增强扫描3例,动脉期、门静脉期及延迟均为低密度;MR平扫2例,T1WI正相位均为等信号,T1WI反相位均为低信号,T2 WI均为中低信号;增强扫描1例,动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期均为低信号.炎细胞浸润伴血窦扩张型共2例,均行MR扫描,1例行CT扫描;CT平扫为低密度且CT三期动态增强均表现为高密度;MR平扫2例,T1WI 1例为等信号、1例为低信号,T2WI均为中高信号,MR增强扫描,2例三期动态增强呈不均匀渐进性持续强化,均为高信号.异型细胞型共3例,CT平扫2例,1例为均匀低密度、1例为均匀等密度;CT增强扫描3例,动脉期均为高密度,门静脉期强化程度减低(2例为高密度、1例为等密度),延迟期密度进一步减低(2例呈略高密度、1例呈略低密度);1例同时行CT及MR扫描,MR平扫T1WI为等信号,T2 WI为中高信号.不典型肝细胞腺瘤共3例,1例同时行CT和MR扫描,2例仅行MR扫描.1例CT平扫为均匀低密度,增强扫描动脉期为高密度,门静脉期为等密度,延迟期为略高密度;3例MR平扫,T1WI为2例为等信号,1例为中高信号(1/3例);T2WI为中高、中低、等信号各1例;增强扫描2例,动脉期均为高信号,门静脉期呈中低、中高信号各1例,延迟期呈等信号和中低信号各1例.结论 肝细胞腺瘤的影像特征与其病理组织特征密切相关.     

原发性肝神经内分泌癌的影像表现

目的 探讨原发性肝神经内分泌癌的CT和MRI表现,提高影像诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝原发性神经内分泌癌患者资料,术前4例行CT平扫及增强扫描,2例行MR平扫及增强扫描.结果6例中肿瘤呈多发1例,表现为1个大肿瘤伴周围多个小结节灶,其余5例均为单发.CT平扫除1例病灶周边可见点状钙化外,均表现为肝内低密度占位,病灶中央见较大范围的不规则更低密度区,边界清晰.肿瘤在MR T1WI表现为不均匀低信号,T2WI表现为略高信号.增强扫描实质部分表现为早期轻中度持续强化,但强化程度有所下降,也可表现为门静脉期和延迟期呈轻度强化,中心更低密度或信号区多无明显强化;周围肝内血管呈受压推移改变,腹腔及后腹膜均未见明显肿大的淋巴结.结论CT和MRI能显示原发性肝神经内分泌癌的特征,在该病的诊断和鉴别诊断中有一定价值.     

儿童韧带样纤维瘤的影像学表现

目的 探讨儿童韧带样纤维瘤(DT)的影像诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析14例经病理证实的儿童DT的临床及影像特点.9例行CT平扫及增强扫描,2例行MRI平扫及增强扫描,3例同时行CT及MR检查.结果 儿童DT主要为腹壁外型,病灶呈梭形、卵圆形,沿肌纤维间隙浸润性生长.CT平扫表现为等、稍低密度肿物,动脉期呈轻度不均匀强化,延迟扫描强化程度显著增高.MRI表现为软组织肿物,T1WI等/稍低信号,T2WI多为不均匀稍高信号,T1WI及T2WI均见索条状稍低信号,增强后不均匀强化.结论 儿童DT CT/MRI表现为梭形、卵圆形沿肌肉间隙生长的软组织肿物,延迟强化明显增高;MRI能显示其中的纤维成分,其影像特征为正确诊断提供重要依据.     

侵及颈静脉孔区的原发性中耳癌的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨侵及颈静脉孔区的原发性中耳癌的CT、MRI特点.方法 回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的侵及颈静脉孔区原发性中耳癌患者的CT、MRI资料,其中6例行高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描,1例行常规CT增强扫描,7例均行MR平扫+增强.结果 HRCT显示鼓室、鼓窦、外耳道深部及颈静脉孔区软组织病灶伴不规则虫蚀样骨质破坏,涉及颈静脉孔(7例)、咽鼓管骨性段(7例)、面神经管(4例)、颈动脉管(4例)、外耳道前后壁(3例)、听小骨(2例)及前庭窗、水平半规管(1例)等结构的破坏.4例病变密度较均匀,CT值约30～55 HU,2例肿块内见少许小片状高密度影.1例CT增强显示中度较均匀强化.MR平扫示边界不清软组织肿块,与脑灰质相比,T1WI呈等、略低信号,T2WI呈等、略高信号,其中5例信号较均匀,2例肿块内见少许小片状T1WI、T2WI低信号灶,增强扫描5例呈中度较均匀强化,2例不均匀强化,内见小片状无强化区.MRI显示4例侵及颈内动脉,1例侵及乙状窦.结论 原发性中耳癌可广泛侵及颈静脉孔区,易造成误诊.HRCT可准确显示中耳癌骨质破坏特点及范围,咽鼓管骨性段破坏可帮助减少误诊;MRI能更清楚显示病变范围,肿瘤信号及强化方式有一定特点.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.