不同最小b值的ADC值在肾透明细胞癌术前分级中的对比研究

目的探讨不同最小b值下的表观弥散系数（apparentdiffusioncoefficient,ADC）对肾透明细胞癌（clearcellrenalcellcarcinoma,CCRCC）术前分级的影响。方法回顾性分析32例CCRCC患者的影像学资料及病理资料。根据Fuhrman核分级法分为低级别组（FuhrmanI和Ⅱ级）和高级别组（FuhrmanⅢ和Ⅳ级）。参考常规序列,由一位放射科医师在肿瘤实质区手动勾画大小约0．35～O．45cm^2的感兴趣区,记录各b值（O,200,400,600,800和1000s／mm^2）对应的信号强度值。采用最小b值分别为0和200s／mm^2计算得到ADCO～1000和ADC200～1000。采用配对t检验比较两组b值的ADC的差异;采用两独立样本t检验分析高低级别CCRCC的ADC值的差异;ADC值与病理分级的相关性研究采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果20例为低级别组,12例为高级别组。32例CCRCC的ADC0～1000为（1．840±0．308）×10^-2mm^2／S,ADC200～1000为（1．429±0．317）×10。mm。s,两组间有统计学差异（t＝12．78,P＝0．00）。其中,低级别CCRCC的ADCO～1000值为（1．893±0．315）×10^-3mm^2／s,高级别的ADC0～1000值为（1．752±0．286）×10。mm。／s,组间无统计学差异（t＝1．272,P＝0．213）;低级别CCRCC的ADC200～1000值为（1．519±0．335）×10^-3mm^2／s,高级别的ADC200～1000值为（1．279±0．224）×10。mm。／s,组间有统计学差异（t＝2．196,P=0．036）。ADC200-1000与CCRCC病理分级呈反相关（r＝0．344,P＝0．047）。结论与ADC0～1000相比,ADC200～1000改善了ADC值在肾透明细胞癌术前分级中的价值。     

拉伸指数与单指数模型DWI术前预测脑胶质瘤病理分级的对照

目的:探讨拉伸指数模型与单指数扩散加权成像(DWI)在脑胶质瘤术前分级中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的40例脑胶质瘤患者的磁共振多b值图像.所有患者在手术前均行磁共振常规序列及多b值DWI(b=0、30、50、100、200、300、500、800、1000、1500、2000、3000、3500 s/mm2)扫描,经后处理获得肿瘤实体部分的DDC、α及ADC值.结果:40例胶质瘤中包括WHOⅡ级12例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级23例.低级别胶质瘤的平均DDC、α及ADC值均显著高于高级别胶质瘤[低级别:(1.04±0.23)×10-3mm2/s,(0.91±0.05)及(0.93±0.10)×10 3 mm2/s;高级别:(0.73±0.21)×10-3mm2/s,(0.82±0.07)和(0.60±0.13)×10 3 mm2/s,P＜0.05].当ADC值取0.755×10-3mm2/s时,区分低级别和高级别胶质瘤的敏感度和特异度分别为100％和89％,以DDC=0.929×10-3mm2/s为诊断阈值,分级诊断的敏感度及特异度分别为75％和89.3％,取α=0.827为诊断阈值,其敏感度及特异度分别为100％和64％.肿瘤实体部分的DDC与ADC值之间存在显著正相关(r=0.802,P＜0.05).结论:术前磁共振单指数和拉伸指数模型DWI能够准确地评估胶质瘤分级.与单指数DWI比较,拉伸指数模型并未表现出更高的效能.     

小视野DWI的ADC值在肾透明细胞癌分级评价中的初步研究

目的应用小视野弥散加权成像(r FOV DWI)研究肾透明细胞癌,探讨表观弥散系数(ADC)值在其分级评价中的应用价值。方法收集经手术病理证实的33例肾透明细胞癌患者,术前行r FOV DWI扫描,b值为(0、800s/mm2),术后病理分级采用Fuhrman病理分级法进行分级,共分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级,其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ级为低级别组肾透明细胞癌,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为高级别组肾透明细胞癌。比较表观扩散系数(ADC)值,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积评价参数价值的准确性。结果高级别组透明细胞癌ADC值较低级别组显著偏低,组间差异具有统计学意义(t=5.18,P0.001)。ADC值ROC曲线下面积为0.923,最优阈值、灵敏度和特异度分别为:1.26×10-3mm2/s,81.0%,100%。此外,Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级之间差异无统计学意义(t=-1.22,P=10);Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级、Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级与Ⅳ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级,Ⅱ级与Ⅳ级之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论 r FOV DWI的ADC值对透明细胞癌的分级评价具有较高的诊断效能。     

RESOLVE序列ADC值在宫颈癌诊断中的价值

目的 初步探讨分段读出扩散加权成像(RESOLVE)序列表观扩散系数(ADC)值在宫颈癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 经宫颈活检或手术病理证实的宫颈癌患者69例为病例组,同时选取正常宫颈组织40例为对照组,所有病例均行T1WI、T2WI及RESOLVE序列扫描(b=0、800 s/mm2),分别测量宫颈癌及正常子宫颈ADC值.对所得数据进行统计学分析.结果 宫颈癌病灶和正常宫颈的平均ADC值分别为(0.86±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.68±0.04)×10-3 mm2/s,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).宫颈鳞癌、腺癌平均ADC值分别为(0.84±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s、(0.98±0.18)×10-3 mm2/s,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).宫颈鳞癌高分化组(G1)、中分化组(G2)及低分化组(G3)平均ADC值分别为(0.97±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s、(0.83±0.14)×10-3mm2/s、(0.79±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s,G1、G2组间及G1、G3组间ADC值差异均有统计学意义,G2、G3组间ADC值无统计学差异;ADC值与病理分化程度之间呈负相关(r=-0.435,P＜0.05).结论 RESOLVE序列ADC值在宫颈癌的诊断、病理分类及分化程度中具有一定的应用价值.     

3.0T MR DWI在子宫颈癌病理分级及分期中的应用价值

目的 探讨3.0T MR扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)值与子宫颈鳞癌病理分化程度及分期的相关性.方法 收集确诊为子宫颈鳞癌的患者311例,纳入研究组共87例.治疗前均接受常规MRI及DWI检查,b=1 000 s/mm2,并记录病理分化程度及病理分期.采用GE AW4.5后处理工作站的分析软件病灶测量ADC值,共测量3次,取其平均值.所得结果应用SPSS 17.0软件,采用LSD及配对t检验进行两两比较,P<0.05有统计学意义.结果 低分化组平均ADC值(0.77±0.079)×10-3 mm2/s;中分化组平均ADC值(0.88±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s;高分化组平均ADC值(1.05±0.084)×10-3 mm2/s;低、中、高分化各组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Ⅰb期子宫颈癌平均ADC值(0.84±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s,Ⅱa期子宫颈癌平均ADC值(0.78±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s,2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 子宫颈癌病灶分化程度越高,ADC值越高,ADC值与病理分级呈负相关;子宫颈癌Ⅰb期与Ⅱa期的ADC值之间无明确相关性.     

IVIM-DWI在肝外胆管癌分级中的临床应用

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动磁共振扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)对肝外胆管癌(EHCC)病理分级的临床应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实为EHCC,并于术前行3.0 T MRI常规序列及IVIM-DWI序列扫描的患者33例.测量计算以下参数:肿瘤DWI单指数成像ADC值;IVIM-DWI成像参数,包括真性扩散系数(D)值、灌注分数(f)值和假性扩散系数(D*)值.不同病理级别EHCC组间参数的比较采用单因素ANOVA检验(正态分布)或Kruskal-Wallis日检验(非正态分布),采用Spearman相关分析研究各参数和病理分级的相关性,通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)来比较参数的诊断效能.结果 33例EHCC患者按照病理分级分为高分化(Ⅰ级)9例、中分化(Ⅱ级)13例和低分化(Ⅲ级)11例,ADC值分别为(1.34±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.22±0.19)×10-3 mm2/s、(0.97±0.13)×10-3mm2/s,D值分别为(1.31±0.15)×10-3mm2/s、(1.17±0.14)×10-3mm2/s、(0.86±0.12)×10-3mm2/s,D*值分别为(5.84 ±0.73)×10-3mm2/s、(6.39±1.67)×10-3mm2/s、(5.56±2.01)×10-3mm2/s,f值分别为37.35±9.01、30.91±8.55、22.78±7.47.不同病理分级组间D*值的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)外,其余参数的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ADC值、D值和f值均与病理分级呈负相关(r值分别为-0.677、-0.821、-0.582,P均＜0.05),ROC AUC分别为0.743、0.876、0.691,且差异存在统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 IVIM-DWI技术可以在一定程度上反映EHCC的组织分化程度和血供,对术前预测肿瘤病理分级具有一定价值.     

表观扩散系数在神经上皮肿瘤分级中的诊断价值

目的 评价ADC值在神经上皮肿瘤分级中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析70例经病理证实为神经上皮肿瘤患者的临床和影像资料,根据2007年WHO中枢神经系统分类标准,将所有患者分为低级别组40例(WHO Ⅰ或Ⅱ级)和高级别组30例(WHOⅢ或Ⅳ级).患者术前均行MR平扫、DWI及增强扫描,在ADC图上测量肿瘤组织的最小ADC值,术后利用免疫组织化学的方法确定Ki-67指数.两组间最小ADC值的比较采用成组t检验,年龄及Ki-67指数比较采用Mann-Whitney检验,最小ADC值与Ki-67指数的相关性采用Pearson相关性分析,应用ROC曲线来分析评价最小ADC值区分神经上皮肿瘤级别的能力.结果 低级别组平均最小ADC值[(1.08±0.31)× 10~(-3) mm~2/s]大于高级别组[(0.74±0.18)×10~(-3) mm~2/s],差异有统计学意义(t=5.42,P＜0.05＝.低级别组Ki-67指数[范围0～50%,中位数为4%]小于高级别组[范围0～75%,中位数为25%],差异有统计学意义(U=325.50,P＜0.05＝.最小ADC值与Ki-67指数呈负相关(r=-0.30,P＜0.05＝.ROC曲线下面积为0.85,区分高、低级别组肿瘤的最佳截断值为0.86×10~(-3) mm~2/s,此时,诊断高级别神经上皮肿瘤的敏感性为90.0%,特异性为77.5%.结论 最小ADC值有助于神经上皮肿瘤的分级判定.     

DWI在宫颈癌诊断中的应用价值及其与病理相关性

目的 探讨扩散加权成像(DWI)对宫颈癌的诊断价值,并分析表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coeffi-cient,ADC)值与肿瘤细胞密度及病理级别的相关性.资料与方法 对42例宫颈癌及15例正常宫颈行常规MRI及DWI,b值取0、1000 s/mm2,观察DWI上信号强度并测量宫颈癌和正常宫颈ADC值,计数其中32例宫颈癌HE染色病理切片的肿瘤细胞密度.结果 宫颈癌在DWI上呈高信号,而正常宫颈无高信号灶;宫颈癌平均ADC值为(0.88±0.15)x10-3mm2/s,正常宫颈平均ADC值为(1.50±0.16)×10-3mm2/s,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);宫颈鳞癌平均ADC值为(0.85±0.13)×10-3mm2/s,腺癌平均ADC值为(0.98±0.22)×10-3mm2/s,两者差异亦存在统计学意义(P<0.05);宫颈癌ADC值与肿瘤细胞密度和病理级别均呈负相关(r=-0.711,P=0.000和r=-0.778,P=0.000).结论 DWI能够区分宫颈癌与正常宫颈,其定量指标ADC值对宫颈癌的病理类型也有一定提示作用,并可反映宫颈癌肿瘤细胞密度,为评估肿瘤病理级别提供一种新的方法.     

3.0 T MRI扩散加权成像ADC值与SD大鼠肝癌分化程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨3.0 T MRI扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)值与SD大鼠小肝癌分化程度的相关性.方法 取SD大鼠80只,注射肝癌诱导试剂,3个月后建立SD大鼠肝癌模型40只,行MRI.常规行T1WI和T2WI定位,DWI采用单次激发自旋回波-回波平面成像(SE-EPI),取b=50 s/mm2和b=100 s/mm2两组,在DWI像上取直径＞5 mm高信号结节在相应ADC图上分别测量其ADC值;检查完毕取相应部位结节行HE染色.结果 40个小肝癌病灶中,27个病灶的组织分化类型单一,其中高分化5个,中分化11个,低分化11个,b=50 s/mm2时其对应ADC值分别为(2.31±0.13)×103mm2/s、(2.03±0.18)×103 mm2/s、(1.64±0.24)×103 mm2/s;b=100 s/mm2时其对应ADC值分别为(2.25±0.04)×103mm2/s、(2.11±0.27)×103mm2/s、(1.89±0.20)×103 mm2/s;余13个病灶具有中、低分化两种不同的组织分化类型,其中5个病灶主要以低分化为主,另8个病灶主要以中分化为主.不同肝癌等级之间的ADC值比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).b=50 s/mm2组中,中分化组ADC值高于低分化组(P＜0.05),高分化组ADC值均高于低分化组与中分化组(P ＜0.05);b=100 s/mm2组中,中分化组与高分化组ADC值均高于低分化组(P＜0.05),而高、中分化之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).b=50 s/mm2时其相关系数r值为0.863,b=100 s/mm2时其相关系数r值约0.696.结论 DWI ADC值与SD大鼠肝癌的病理分级之间有明显相关性,且b=50 s/mm2时相关性更高.     

ADC值与直肠腺癌分化程度及T分期的相关性研究

目的 :探讨直肠癌ADC值与分化程度、T分期的相关性。方法 :选取123例经手术病理证实为直肠癌患者术前的MRI资料,b值取50、400、800 s/mm2,由Siemens Skyra 3.0 T MRI扫描仪自动计算生成ADC图,经Syngovia VA 3.0后处理工作站测取肿瘤平均ADC值,并与肿瘤分化程度、T分期进行匹配及分组分析。结果:肿瘤分化程度由高至低,平均ADC值分别为(0.857±0.074)×10~(-3)、(0.751±0.038)×10~(-3)、(0.697±0.021)×10~(-3)mm2/s;平均ADC值T1期为(0.847±0.063)×10~(-3)mm2/s,T2期为(0.756±0.028)×10~(-3)mm2/s,T3期为(0.745±0.040)×10~(-3)mm2/s,T4期为(0.739±0.046)×10~(-3)mm2/s,平均ADC值在肿瘤不同分化程度组、T分期组的差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);Spearson相关性分析结果显示ADC值与分化程度、T分期均呈负相关(r=-0.485,P0.05;r=-0.322,P0.05)。结论:直肠癌ADC值与其分化程度、T分期均有明显相关性,可在一定程度上反映直肠癌的病理分化情况及临床分期。     

肾透明细胞癌与肾乳头状癌、嫌色细胞癌MRI表现的对照研究

目的 探讨MR动态增强扫描对肾癌亚型的鉴别诊断价值.方法 搜集77例经病理证实的肾癌患者资料,其中透明细胞癌(CCRCC)55例,乳头状癌(PRCC)14例,嫌色细胞癌(CRCC)8例,回顾性分析各亚型肿瘤患者MR平扫及动态增强扫描表现并与病理对照,根据肿瘤及肾皮质增强前后的皮质期、实质期及延迟期信号变化,分别进行百分比测量、肿瘤-肾皮质增强指数计算,并采用单因素方差分析和LSD法进行比较.结果 CRCC多数信号均匀(7/8);CCRCC及PRCC多数信号不均(分别为51/55和13/14)、常见坏死(36/55和7/14),PRCC最常见出血(9/14)及囊变(9/14).动态增强各期CCRCC强化程度最高,强化模式呈"快进快退",CRCC轻至中度强化,PRCC强化最轻,两者均呈渐进性延迟强化.CCRCC、PRCC及CRCC皮质期信号变化分别为(296.15±60.27)%、(79.70±18.84)%和(119.56±40.76)%,实质期分别为(236.33±58.31)%、(122.81±27.35)%和(163.06±33.91)%,延迟期分别为(216.83±46.72)%、(117.55±20.63)%和(179.72±32.89)%;三者皮质期的肿瘤-皮质增强指数分别为1.26±0.34、0.33±0.12及0.54±0.10,实质期分别为0.92±0.23、0.41±0.23及0.62±0.15,延迟期分别为0.76±0.14、0.35±0.11及0.69±0.12,各亚型增强各期的信号变化(F值分别为940.931、124.515、38.194,P值均＜0.01)、肿瘤-皮质增强指数(F值分别为798.625、78.308、73.699,P值均＜0.01)差异均有统计学意义.3种亚型的MRI表现与病理学所见基本相符.结论 CCRCC、PRCC及CRCC的MRI动态增强有一定特征性的表现,与其病理特点密切相关,在肾癌亚型的鉴别诊断上有着较高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic features of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI).Methods The MRI appearances of 77 RCCs, including 55 clear cell RCCs(CCRCC),14 papillary RCCs(PRCC) and 8 chromophobe RCCs(CRCC), were retrospectively analyzed and compared with findings of pathology. DCE-MRI was conducted in each case after intravenous administration of contrast agent. Region of interest measurements (cortical, nephrographic and delayed Phases) of signals within tumor and uninvolved renal cortex were used to calculate percentage signal intensity change and tumor-to-cortex enhancement index, and the data was analyzed by AVONA and t test. Results On unenhanced and enhanced MRI, most CRCCs showed homogeneous signal(7/8). CCRCC and PRCC often show inhomogenous signal with necrosis(36/55, 7/14). Hemorrhage and cystic degeneration were often found in PRCC (9/14). On the cortical, nephrographic and delayed phase images, CCRCCs showed greater signal intensity change[(296.15±60.27)%, (236.33±58.31)% and (216.83±46.72)%,respectively than PRCCs (79.70±18.84)%, (122.81±27.35)% and (117.55±20.63)%, respectively], and CRCCs showed intermediate change [(119.56±40.76)%, (163.06±33.91)% and (179.72±32.89)%, respectively].A phenomenon of quick staining and quick fainting was observed in CCRCCs. Both of CRCCs and PRCCs showed delayed enhancement. The tumor-to-cortex enhancement index at the cortical, nephrographic and delayed phases was highest for CCRCCs (1.26±0.34, 0.92±0.23 and 0.76±0.14, respectively), lowest for PRCCs (0.33±0.12, 0.41±0.23 and 0.35±0.11, respectively), and intermediate for CRCCs (0.54±0.10, 0.62±0.15 and 0.69±0.12, respectively,P＜0.01). The degree of enhancement was significantly different among the 3 subtypes at the every contrast enhanced phase (F=940.931, 124.515 and 38.194, P＜0.01), so was the tumor-to-cortex enhancement index(F=798.625,78.308 and 73.699, P＜0.01). There was a good consistency between MR appearances of the 3 RCC subtypes and pathological characteristics. Conclusion DCE-MRI could distinctly show imaging features of CCRCC, PRCC and CRCC, which were related to their pathological characteristics, and these features were helpful in predicting a specific subtype of RCC.     

Synchronous ipsilateral renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma

The coexistence of multiple and synchronous primary neoplasms in the genitourinary system has only rarely been described in the literature. We present the case of a 78-year-old man with haematuria as the initial presentation, finally proven to be transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) combined with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Intravenous urography (IVU), CT and arterial angiography studies revealed a space-occupying nodule at the right upper renal pelvicalyces showing mild enhancement with contrast medium. Another strong contrast medium enhancing exophytic tumour was found at the lower pole of kidney; there were hypodense foci and calcified components in this lesion. A right nephroureterectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was a papillary TCC and a clear cell type RCC. This is a rare case of combined renal malignancies diagnosed by imaging.     

透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌的影像学表现

目的探讨透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌(CCPRCC)的影像学表现。方法分析15例CCPRCC患者CT及MRI影像特征,采用独立样本t检验比较肿瘤与肾皮质之间平扫CT值、ADC值差异。结果15例均为单发,边界清晰,大小为(3.1±1.9)cm。13例为实性肿瘤,其中11例伴囊变,2例为囊性肿瘤。4例CT平扫呈等或稍低密度,4例呈稍高密度;6例密度不均匀,1例伴细条状钙化;8例CT值为(38.4±10.6)HU,与肾皮质比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。8例MRI平扫T1WI呈稍低或低信号,3例伴发结节状、灶状高信号;8例T2WI以混杂高信号为主,5例边缘见包膜;7例DWI呈稍高信号;9例肿瘤ADC值(2.22±0.30)×10-3 mm2/s高于肾皮质,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增强扫描13例实性肿瘤中9例呈“快进快出”强化,4例呈持续或渐进性强化;2例囊性肿瘤增强扫描呈囊壁及中心分隔强化。结论CCPRCC好发于中老年人,肿瘤易发生囊变,出血、钙化少见,弥散受限不明显,增强扫描以“快进快出”强化为主,确诊仍需依靠组织病理学。     

Fluorodeoxyglucose cell incorporation as an index of cell proliferation: evaluation of accuracy in cell culture

The use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) is recognized as an accurate tool for the specific diagnosis and staging of cancer. It has also been proposed for the monitoring of anticancer therapy. FDG cell incorporation reflects glycolytic activity whereas inhibition of cell proliferation corresponds to an efficient cancer treatment. The relationship between FDG incorporation and cell proliferation has yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to correlate the effects of the toxic agents bleomycin and unlabelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) on cellular metabolism and proliferation. We determined the in vitro metabolic and cytotoxic effects of bleomycin and mIBG by measuring the incorporation of fluorine-18 FDG (%U_FDG) and hydrogen-3 thymidine (%U_THY) in cells of the human premonocytic line U937 in the presence of increasing concentrations of these agents. Proliferation rate of these cells was studied by means of limiting dilution analysis. %U_THY appeared more sensitive to bleomycin or mIBG-mediated cell injury than %U_FDG. After 1 h of exposure to 0.5 M bleomycin, %U_THY was significantly reduced to 62.0% ± 10.4% of control value whereas %U_FDG remained unchanged (91.6% ± 5.3%). Similar results were obtained after 1 h of exposure to increasing concentrations of mIBG (1 M to 1 mM). After 20 h of exposure to bleomycin, %U_THY and %U_FDG were significantly reduced as a function of concentration. After 20 h of exposure to mIBG, a transient increase in %U_FDG up to 149.3% ± 11.2% with 50 M mIBG was further followed by a reduction to 20.1% ± 6.7% with 0.5 mM (P < 0.001). The clonogenic efficiency was reduced as a function of bleomycin (ANOVA, n=255, P) or mIBG concentration (n=80, P) and nearly abolished with 0.1 M bleomycin or 0.1 mM mIBG. In conclusion, %U_THY appears to be a more sensitive index of cytotoxicity in vitro and more accurately relates to cell proliferation than %U_FDG. Correspondence to: D.O. Slosman, Nuclear Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland     

一种改进的用于测定细胞周期的细胞制备方法

目的 :减少细胞的聚集数量 ,提高测试效率和结果的准确性。方法 :在用酒精固定细胞时分别加入终浓度为 0 % ,1.5 % ,3% ,6 %和 12 %的小牛血清 ,置 - 2 0℃分别固定细胞 1d ,3d和 7d。比较了不同浓度的血清和保存不同时间粘连细胞的数量及对细胞周期分析结果的影响。结果 :加入血清可明显减轻细胞的粘连 ,减少了细胞的聚集数量 ,尤以 3%小牛血清组最佳。样品可不必过滤 ,在上机测试时 ,进样针不堵塞 ,上样速度快 ,细胞周期分析更准确。随着保存时间的延长 ,聚集细胞的数量有增加的趋势。结论 :在制备用于测定细胞周期的样品时 ,固定细胞的过程中加入终浓度为 3%的小牛血清是一种简单的、能有效地保护细胞膜使细胞不易粘连的技术措施 ,且固定细胞的时间不宜超过 7d。     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a complex disease entity comprised of three distinct clinical syndromes that demonstrate indistinguishable histology. These syndromes are: eosinophilic granuloma, which is predominantly osseous or pulmonary; Hand-Schûller-Christian’s disease, which involves multiple organ systems and, most typically, the skull base; and Letterer-Siwe’s disease, the most severe disease manifestation, which typically involves the abdominal viscera. This article reviews our current understanding of Langerhans cell histiocytosis by discussing the history, histology, etiology, and treatment of the disease. It focuses on the radiographic findings and imaging modalities that are the most useful in disease diagnosis and management.     

Clear cell chondrosarcoma

The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of three cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma are described. On radiographs, this rather benign-appearing tumor resembles a chondroblastoma when it occurs at the end of a long bone, and may occasionally show a calcified matrix. However, it has distinctive tumor cells with a centrally placed vesicular nucleus surrounded by clear cytoplasm. The lesion has a low-grade malignancy and is amenable to en bloc surgical resection, which results in a much better prognosis than that of conventional chondrosarcoma.