健康人口服对乙酰氨基酚滴剂的药代动力学及生物利用度研究

作者利用高效液相色谱法测定８名健康自愿受试者交叉口服对乙酰氨基酚滴剂和片剂１０００ｍｇ以后，血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的浓度，所得药－时曲线均符合二室模型。平均达峰时间分别是０．８６±０．０８和１．４８±０．３９ｈ，平均血浆药物峰浓度分别是１１．２３±０；９３和８．７９±０．９３ｍｇ／Ｌ平均消除半衰期分别为３．０３±０．７９和２．５１±１．１０ｈ，平均曲线下面积分别为４２．３５±６．２０和４０．６０±６．７９ｍｇ／Ｌ·ｈ，以片剂的ＡＵＣ为１００％，口服滴剂的相对生物利用度为１０５．５８％。结果表明：这两种制剂在人体内具有生物等效性。     

小剂量氨茶碱静脉滴注在两种情况下血药浓度测定及临床意义

目的不司的机体状态、药物使氨茶碱的血药浓度变化较大,笔者旨在观察小剂量氨茶碱静脉滴注在药物因素影响下和非药物因素影响下血药浓度的变化及不同的时间发挥作用的机制,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法观察小剂量氨茶碱静脉滴注在环丙沙星组与非环丙沙星组(普通组)氨茶碱的峰浓度、谷浓度.结果环丙沙星组峰浓度为15.87±487mg/L,谷浓度为8.43±2.41mg/L,谷浓度是血浓度在5～10)mg/L者75%;非环丙沙星组峰浓度12.34±5.36mg/L,谷浓度4.37±2.12mg/L,谷浓度是血浓度在5～10mg/L者占28%.结论小剂量氨茶碱静脉滴注在环丙沙星影响因素存在时,24小时血药浓度均在有效水平,峰浓度时主要扩张支气管,谷浓度时有抗炎和免疫调节作用,氨茶碱025g/d静脉滴注较合理;普通组24小时血浓度波动较大,峰浓度时有扩张支气管的作用,而谷浓度较低,不能发挥低浓度时的抗炎和免疫调节作用,提示0.25g/d静脉滴注剂量偏小,晚间应加口服氨茶碱治疗.     

布洛芬混悬液在正常人体内的相对生物利用度和药代动力学

目的 比较研究布洛芬混悬液和市售布洛芬片的生物利用度和药代动力学。方法 选择８名健康男性愿者，随机分为两组，进行单次混悬液或片剂交叉给药６００ｍｇ后，利用法测定血浆中布洛芬浓度。结果 两组血浆的布洛芬深度分别在（０．９２±０．３３）和（１６。８±０．５１）ｈ达到峰值（１３．８±０．３３）和（１１．０７±２．５１）μｇ／ｍｌ。血药浓度曲线下面积（ＡＵＣ）分别达（４７．７７±３．４６）和（４５．２３±     

人体内卡托普利的药物地这及其生物利用度

１０名健康志愿都随机交叉口服单剂量３０ｍｇ两种国产卡托普利片后，用对溴苯乙酸基溴（ｐ－ＢＰＢ）作为化学稳定剂以及衍生化试剂，采用ＨＰＬＣ法测得血浆中药物浓度达峰分别在０．５７±０．１２ｈ（样品）和０．５６±０．１７ｈ（对照品），峰值（Ｃｍａｘ）分别为２８９．２±１０１．３和２６６．５±８３．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，药时曲线下面积ＡＵＣ０－∞）分别为３９３．８±６３．７（样品）和３８３．０４９４．ｎｇ．ｈ／ｍ     

甲型肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化的检测

作应用ＣＤ系列单克隆抗体、碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶双桥酶法（ＡＰＡＡＰ技术）对甲型肝炎患５２例外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化进行了检测及分析。发现患急性期ＣＤ４＾＋细胞百分率（３０．７±３．４％）较正常对照（３７．７±２．５％）明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＤ８＾＋率则显增高（３５．８±３．９％对２７．７±２．４％，Ｐ〈０．０１），导致ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值（０．８７±０．２对１．３±０．１）     

过敏性紫癜患儿血浆内皮素检测的意义

本文采用放射免疫法分别检测了２２例过敏性紫癜患儿和１９例正常儿童血浆内皮素浓度改变。其中单纯皮肤性紫癜７例，混合性紫癜８例，紫癜性肾炎７例。结果：单纯性紫癜血浆内皮素浓度为３７．３４±１４．０３ｐｇ／ｍｌ与对照组的３６．２３±１２．５１ｐｇ／ｍｌ比较无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．５０），混合型紫癜患儿血浆内皮素浓度为５３．１０±１４．５１ｐｇ／ｍｌ高于对照组和单纯紫癜组（Ｐ均＜０．０５），紫癜性肾炎血浆内皮素浓度明显增高达７７．７７±１２．４４ｐｇ／ｍｌ，显著高于对照组和单纯型与混合型紫癜患者（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。提示：血浆内皮素浓度增高与本病严重程度成正比，内皮素参与了混合性紫癜尤其是紫癜性肾炎发病过程。     

六种肝胆疾病血清碱性磷酸酶活力分析

用Ｋｉｎｇ－Ａｒｍｓｔｒｏｎｇ法对六种肝胆疾病进行Ａｋｐ活力测定，肝内外胆道梗阻ＡＫＰ活力增高最为显著（３１．４±１４．２），其次为肝癌（２９．３±１０．５），急性黄疸型肝炎（２７．３±８．８）而肝硬化（１８．５±７．７），慢性肝炎（１８．１±７．７），慢性肝炎（１８．１±９．１），急性无黄疸型肝为（１４．３±５．４）则为轻度增高。     

海南地区新生儿肾的形态观测

从海南地区新生儿尸体５５例，取肾１１０个（男６０个，女５０个）．对肾的形态进行观测，男女会计得出的结果是：形态分类、蚕豆形、逗点形、中间形，左侧分别占６３．６４±６．１２％、２７．２７±６．０１％、９．０９±３．８８％；右侧分别占５８．１８±６．６５％、２９．０９±６．１２％、１２．７３±４．４９％。肾叶数，左、右侧分别为（ｘ±ｓ）１３．８４±３．６５个、１３．２５±３．０４个。肾的长、宽、厚（单位：ｍｍ）．左侧分别为３６．５４±４．３３、２１．６４±２．６３、１９．１６±２．６２．右侧分别为３６．１１±４．６１、２２．０２±２．８４、１７．９９±３．４６。肾的重量（ｇ），左侧８．９２±２．３８，右侧８．７６±２．３６。肾的体积（ｃｍ３），左侧８．５５±２．２６．右侧８．３６±２．２４。     

检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群对肺癌,肺结核诊断价值的探讨

应用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标法检测肺癌２２例，肺结核３０例和正常人１６例的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚亚群。结果；肺癌组ＣＤ＾＋３为（４９．９±１３．３）％，ＣＤ＾＋４为（２２．４±６．３％），ＣＤ＾＝８为（２７．２±８．０）％，ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８为０．９９±０．２。     

环丙氟哌酸在血液透析过程中的药代动力学研究和临床应用

观察了血液透析对环丙氟哌酸体内过程的影响。在透析期间，该药的清除半衰期为５．９９±０．３７小时，药物透析清除分数为０．３０±０．０３，透析清除率为６２．８９±７．４２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，经透析清除的药量占摄入量的１２．８０±１．７１％。研究表明，在血液透析病人应用环丙氟哌酸时，应在透析后服药或适量补充经透析清除的药量，以维持体内有效治疗药物浓度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.