急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的危险因素。方法选择接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者136例,根据早期神经功能恶化发生情况分为恶化组24例,非恶化组112例。收集患者临床资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,多因素logistic回归分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期神经功能恶化的危险因素。结果恶化组年龄、糖尿病、既往脑梗死、近端血管狭窄/闭塞、溶栓前NIHSS评分、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、溶栓后4h纤维蛋白原、随机血糖及空腹血糖水平较非恶化组明显升高,抗血小板治疗比例较非恶化组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,近端血管狭窄/闭塞、溶栓前随机血糖、白细胞计数是阿替普酶溶栓后发生早期神经功能恶化的独立危险因素(OR=6.986,95%CI:1.331～36.678,P=0.022;OR=2.186,95%CI:1.481～3.227,P=0.000;OR=1.500,95%CI:1.158～1.942,P=0.002),而发病前抗血小板治疗是早期神经功能恶化的保护因素(P=0.020)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗后,有诸多相关危险因素的存在,其有助于识别早期神经功能恶化的高危患者。     

老年急性前循环脑梗死病人静脉溶栓预后不良的危险因素及预测价值

目的 探讨老年急性前循环脑梗死(AACI)病人静脉溶栓预后不良的危险因素及预测价值。方法 纳入2019年1月至2021年5月在我院接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的老年AACI病人共106例,根据3个月后改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分结果分为预后良好组58例(0～2分)及预后不良组48例(3～6分),回顾性分析2组临床资料,采用Logistic回归模型分析预后不良的影响因素,并通过ROC曲线评估相关因素对预后的预测价值。结果 2组间年龄、心房颤动、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、磁共振弥散加权成像Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(DWI-ASPECTS)、血栓负荷评分(CBS)、侧支循环Tan评分、NIHSS评分以及早期神经功能恶化(END)发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析提示NLR(OR=1.426,95%CI:1.023～1.989,P=0.036)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=1.144,95%CI:1.020～1.284,P=0.022)以及END(OR=25.818,95%CI:2.523～26...     

阿替普酶与尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗缺血性脑卒中的有效性及安全性的对比研究

目的比较阿替普酶与尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗缺血性脑卒中的有效性及安全性。方法选取2015年2月—2017年2月许昌市鄢陵县中心医院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者80例,随机分为尿激酶组和阿替普酶组,每组40例。阿替普酶组患者采用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,尿激酶组患者采用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗。比较两组患者溶栓治疗前及溶栓治疗后1、7、14 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS),静脉溶栓治疗后30 d预后;并观察两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果 (1)两组患者溶栓治疗前NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);阿替普酶组患者溶栓治疗后1、7、14 d NIHSS评分低于尿激酶组(P0.05)。(2)溶栓治疗后30 d,阿替普酶组患者预后良好率高于尿激酶组(P0.05)。(3)尿激酶组患者不良反应发生率高于阿替普酶组(P0.05)。结论与尿激酶相比,阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗能更有效地改善缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能及短期预后,且安全性更高,值得临床推广应用。     

静脉溶栓24 h内使用替罗非班对不稳定穿支动脉梗死的有效性和安全性

目的 评价临床症状不稳定的穿支动脉梗死患者在静脉溶栓24 h内应用替罗非班的有效性和安全性。方法 临床症状不稳定的穿支动脉梗死患者在静脉溶栓24 h内接受(替罗非班组)或不接受替罗非班(非替罗非班组)治疗。主要有效性评价指标为溶栓后早期神经功能恶化(END),即在溶栓后48 h内出现责任动脉再闭塞[美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分增加≥2分或NIHSS肢体分增加≥1分]或症状波动；溶栓后症状波动次数占发病后总波动次数的百分比；脑卒中90 d改良的Rankin量表(mRS)为0～1分(良好预后)及0～2分(功能预后)的比例；安全性评价指标为颅内出血。结果 连续纳入的499例阿替普酶静脉溶栓的急性脑梗死患者中181例头颅影像证实为穿支动脉梗死，其中34例临床症状不稳定；替罗非班组16例，非替罗非班组18例。患者均未出现颅内出血。替罗非班组END、溶栓后症状波动次数百分比与非替罗非班组相比，差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与非替罗非班组相比，替罗非班组再闭塞率较低、90 d良好功能预后率及较好功能预后率较高，但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不稳定的穿支...     

尿激酶与阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环脑梗死的临床疗效观察

目的比较尿激酶与阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将64例急性前循环脑梗死病人分为尿激酶组(26例)和阿替普酶组(38例),比较所有病人溶栓后疗效及两组入院7 d内病死率、出血事件,入院时和第7天死亡/残疾[改良Rankin量表评分(MRS)≥3分、生活自理(MRS 0～2分)、良好预后(MRS 0～1分)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)]评分。结果溶栓后,两组NIHSS评分、生活自理和良好预后较溶栓前均明显改善(P0.05)。入院7 d内两组病死率和出血事件总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。入院第7天,两组死亡/残疾、生活自理、良好预后率和NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论尿激酶与阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环脑梗死均安全有效。     

急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的影响因素分析

目的分析急性脑梗死静脉溶栓后发生早期神经功能恶化(END)的影响因素。方法回顾性连续纳入2018年3—8月首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科发病4. 5 h内接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者139例,其中男116例,女23例。根据静脉溶栓后是否出现END,将139例患者分为END组(25例)和无END组(114例)。收集两组患者的基线及临床资料,基线资料包括年龄、性别、既往史[高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病、先天性心脏病、心房颤动、高脂血症、缺血性卒中(脑梗死、短暂性脑缺血发作)]、吸烟史,临床资料包括入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、血压、前循环梗死比例、急性卒中Org 10172治疗试验(TOAST)分型情况,并进行组间比较。将单因素分析中P 0. 1的参数作为自变量,进一步对急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓后发生END的影响因素行多因素Logistic回归分析。END定义为静脉溶栓后24 h内,NIHSS评分较入院时增加≥4分或死亡。结果 (1) 139例急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者中,END发生率为18. 0%(25例)。(2)两组患者年龄、性别及高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症、吸烟、心房颤动、冠心病、先天性心脏病、缺血性卒中史的差异均无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。(3)两组患者入院时血压、血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、NIHSS评分值以及前循环梗死比例的差异均无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。(4) END组TOAST分型大动脉粥样硬化比例高于无END组,组间差异有统计学意义[76. 0%(19/25)比45. 6%(52/114),χ~2=7. 576,P 0. 01]。(5)以急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者发生END为因变量,以缺血性卒中史、TOAST分型(大动脉粥样硬化与非大动脉粥样硬化)为自变量进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,大动脉粥样硬化是急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者发生END的危险因素(OR=3. 517,95%CI:1. 296～9. 547,P=0. 014),缺血性卒中史不是急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者发生END的影响因素(P 0. 05)。结论 TOAST病因分型大动脉粥样硬化可增加急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓后发生END的风险。     

急性缺血性卒中尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗病人早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析

目的探究急性缺血性卒中行尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗病人早期神经功能恶化的危险因素,为临床精准化溶栓治疗提供依据。方法选择2010年1月—2016年12月在本院神经内科发病4.5h内给予尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中病人作为研究对象。共入选行静脉溶栓治疗且资料完整的病人180例,根据溶栓后是否发生早期神经功能恶化分为恶化组以及非恶化组,恶化组31例,非恶化组149例。比较两组病人的基线资料,并分析溶栓治疗病人早期神经功能恶化的危险因素。结果恶化组病人的随机血糖、白细胞计数、肌酐、吞咽障碍发生率、责任大血管狭窄程度等指标均显著高于非恶化组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而其他基线资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);年龄、血糖、白细胞计数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、吞咽障碍、昏迷、责任大血管闭塞、心源性脑栓塞均与病人溶栓后早期神经功能恶化显著相关(P0.05)。结论对于急性缺血性卒中病人在采取静脉溶栓治疗前,应尽快完善易引发早期神经功能恶化相关危险因素的检查,根据病人实际情况选择安全有效的治疗方法,提高病人的治愈率及生存率。     

急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓后出血转化的多因素联合预测模型研究

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者使用阿替普酶静脉溶栓后出血转化(HT)相关的危险因素,并建立多因素联合预测模型。方法回顾性分析我院神经内科2013年1月～2019年12月接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓的AIS患者118例,根据复查头颅CT是否继发HT分为HT组17例和无HT组101例,收集AIS患者溶栓后出现HT的危险因素;采用多因素logistic回归方法建立预测模型,计算模型预测值Y;采用ROC曲线验证logistics回归模型的诊断效度。结果 HT组冠心病、心房颤动、大脑中动脉高密度征(HMCAS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分明显高于无HT组(P0.05,P0.01),2组TOAST分型及Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同TOAST分型中,心源性栓塞型和不明原因型患者HT发生率明显高于小动脉闭塞型患者(27.3%和40.0%vs 4.5%,P0.05)。ASPECTS 0～8分患者HT发生率明显高于ASPECTS 9～10分患者,差异有统计学意义(31.6%vs 11.1%,P0.05)。年龄≥80岁和基线NIHSS评分是溶栓后发生HT的独立危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,模型预测值Y的曲线下面积为0.859(95%CI:0.770～0.947)。结论 AIS患者溶栓前的评估中,冠心病、心房颤动、HMCAS、ASPECTS、基线NIHSS评分等指标均是溶栓后HT的危险因素,建立多因素logistic回归方程可较好预测AIS患者溶栓后HT。     

急性脑梗死阿替普酶溶栓后阿加曲班序贯治疗的临床疗效观察

目的探讨急性脑梗死阿替普酶溶栓后阿加曲班序贯治疗的应用价值。方法选取2014年7月—2017年12月徐州市中心医院收治的急性脑梗死病人46例,随机分为两组,试验组24例,采用阿替普酶溶栓后阿加曲班治疗;对照组22例,仅采用阿替普酶治疗,未采用阿加曲班治疗。观察比较两组治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、日常生活活动能力量表Barthel指数(BI)评分,并进行统计学分析。结果治疗前,试验组与对照组在神经功能评分、性别、年龄等方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后14 d、3个月,病人神经功能均得到改善,且随着治疗时间的延长效果愈发显著(P0.05);试验组治疗后3个月神经功能和生活能力提高效果与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死病人应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓后阿加曲班序贯治疗,与仅用阿替普酶治疗均可改善神经功能,但以阿替普酶静脉溶栓后阿加曲班序贯治疗效果更优。     

阿替普酶治疗轻型缺血性脑卒中疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的 评价阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗超早期轻型缺血性脑卒中的有效性、安全性,并分析影响预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月～2019年12月大连理工大学附属大连市中心医院卒中中心急诊收治的轻型缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者210例,根据90 d改良的Rankin量表评分分为预后良好组177例,预后不良组33例。分析2组基线资料,阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗效果,症状性颅内出血、非症状性颅内出血及死亡情况。分析轻型缺血性脑卒中的中国缺血性卒中亚型病因分型及其对预后的可能影响。多因素logistic回归分析影响预后的因素。结果 2组中国缺血性卒中亚型、大动脉粥样硬化血管狭窄和早期神经功能恶化比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组总出血7例(3.3%),症状性颅内出血2例(1.0%),非症状性颅内出血5例(2.4%)。2组均无静脉溶栓死亡病例。预后不良组症状性颅内出血发生率明显高于预后良好组(6.1%vs 0%,P<0.05),非症状性颅内出血发生率明显低于预后良好组(0%vs 2.8%,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,早期神经功能恶化为预后不良的独立危险因...     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.