丁苯酞注射液对急性脑梗死合并颅内动脉狭窄患者颅内动脉血流动力学、氧化应激及血清Hcy和CysC水平的影响

目的探讨丁苯酞注射液对急性脑梗死合并颅内动脉狭窄患者颅内动脉血流动力学、氧化应激损伤及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和胱抑素(Cys)C水平的影响。方法急性脑梗死合并颅内动脉狭窄患者78例随机分为观察组与对照组。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合丁苯酞注射液治疗。两组疗程均为2 w。比较两组治疗前后Barthel指数(BI)和美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、颅内动脉血流动力学、氧化应激损伤、血清Hcy和CysC水平变化及随访3个月改良Rankin量表评分。结果两组治疗后BI较治疗前明显增加而NIHSS评分较治疗前明显降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后BI明显高于对照组而NIHSS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后颅内动脉峰流速(Vp)和平均流速(Vm)较治疗前明显增加而脉动指数(PI)较治疗前明显降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后颅内动脉Vp和Vm明显高于对照组而PI明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平较治疗前明显增加而丙二醛(MDA)水平较治疗前明显降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清SOD和GSH-Px水平明显高于对照组而MDA水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清Hcy和CysC水平较治疗前明显降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清Hcy和CysC水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组改良Rankin量表评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论丁苯酞注射液对急性脑梗死合并颅内动脉狭窄患者效果明显,可改善患者颅内血流动力学,可减轻氧化应激损伤及降低血清Hcy和CysC水平。     

硫辛酸对老年2型糖尿病勃起功能障碍患者的疗效及对其氧化应激的影响

目的观察硫辛酸对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的疗效及对其氧化应激的影响。方法选取老年男性T2DM合并ED患者60例(B组),老年男性T2DM无ED患者60例(A组)。两组患者均进行国际勃起功能指数问卷-5评分,比较两组患者的氧化应激水平:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、SOD/MDA比值。B组应用硫辛酸干预治疗3 w,观察干预前后氧化应激水平的变化及临床疗效。结果干预前B组患者的氧化应激水平较A组升高(均P0.05)。硫辛酸干预后,B组的氧化应激水平较治疗前降低国际勃起功能指数问卷-5评分升高(均P0.05)。结论硫辛酸可降低老年男性T2DM并ED患者的氧化应激水平,疗效肯定。     

老年周围动脉疾病综合介入治疗的临床观察

目的　探讨综合介入治疗老年周围动脉疾病的临床疗效及安全性。方法　采用经皮穿刺周围动脉血管球囊扩张术 (PTA)、支架置入、持续动脉内溶栓加PTA、血管内膜剥离术加支架置入术等综合介入方法治疗老年周围动脉阻塞性病变 6 2例次 ,其中上肢锁骨下动脉阻塞性病变 2 1例次 ,下肢动脉病变 4 1例次。单纯PTA 6例次 ,球囊预扩张加支架置入术 5 2例次 ,溶栓加PTA 3例次 ,股动脉内膜剥离术加髂动脉支架置入术 1例。结果　手术成功率95 % ,手术并发症 1.4 % (支架脱落 1例 )。术后即刻血管造影影像学和临床表现明显改善。随访 3个月～ 2年 ,无复发性肢体缺血症状生存 6 7% ,间歇性跛行较术前减轻并维持 13% ,临床再狭窄率 2 0 %。结论　老年周围动脉阻塞性病变综合介入治疗近、远期疗效满意 ,手术安全可靠 ,肢体复发性缺血症状发生率相对较低 ,是目前治疗老年周围动脉疾病的有效方法之一     

经皮腔内血管成形术联合血管内支架治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的疗效

目的探讨经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)联合血管内支架治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的临床疗效。方法收集28例老年患者、31条肢体,共53处病变部位行血管形成术联合支架植入术(PTAS)进行治疗,术后1个月对患者的跛行距离及踝肱指数进行监测,同时对术后病变部位的血管通畅率进行随访。结果行PTAS手术后,髂动脉的成功率为100%,股腘动脉的成功率为95.24%;术后1个月,患者的踝肱指数由术前的(0.35±0.11)增加至术后的(0.95±0.09),间歇性跛行距离由术前的(117.3±29.9)m增加至术后的(518.4±122.7)m,手术前、后比较差异显著(P0.05);术后2年髂动脉的血管通畅率为91.67%,股腘动脉的血管通畅率为80.95%。结论 PTA联合PTAS治疗下肢动脉ASO手术成功率高、创伤性小、安全有效,且能有效改善缺血区的血液供应,再狭窄可能性减小。     

急性下肢动脉栓塞与血栓形成的原因及临床鉴别

目的探讨急性下肢动脉栓塞与急性血栓的形成原因及其临床鉴别。方法选取2009年8月至2014年9月治疗的急性下肢动脉栓塞和血栓患者86例,根据典型造影将患者分为急性下肢动脉栓塞组与急性下肢动脉血栓形成组,将两组患者的一般临床资料、临床表现、缺血程度、临床并发症以及既往病史的临床相关信息进行对比。结果急性下肢动脉栓塞形成多发生于髂股动脉(χ~2=4.31,P=0.15),急性下肢动脉血栓无明显好发部位;动脉栓塞患者感觉异常(χ~2=7.489,P0.05)和运动障碍(χ~2=4.782,P0.05)、对侧动脉搏动正常(χ~2=9.487,P0.05)的临床表现较动脉血栓形成患者更明显,而急性动脉血栓形成患者则更常伴有间歇性跛行病史(χ~2=9.029,P0.05),急性动脉血栓形成缺血程度倾向于Ⅱa级(χ~2=3.129,P0.05),而急性动脉栓塞缺血程度更为严重,更趋向于Ⅱb级(χ~2=3.443,P0.05);具有糖尿病(χ~2=10.698,P0.05)、高血压(χ~2=9.658,P0.05)及吸烟病史(χ~2=3.766,P0.05)的患者,急性血栓形成比例明显高于急性动脉栓塞患者,房颤患者(χ~2=3.148,P0.05)更好发急性动脉栓塞,既往有栓塞病史(χ~2=2.848,P0.05)仅见于急性动脉栓塞患者中。结论急性下肢动脉栓塞与血栓形成原因具有很大的差异,梗塞部位、缺血程度、临床表现、并发症及既往史的情况有助于两者的鉴别。     

黄芪联合胰岛素疗法对糖尿病大鼠体内氧化应激的影响

目的 观察黄芪联合胰岛素疗法对糖尿病(DM)大鼠氧化应激的影响,为临床治疗DM患者应用抗氧化剂提供实验依据.方法 腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导DM大鼠模型.造模成功的大鼠随机分为DM组、黄芪治疗组、胰岛素治疗组、黄芪+胰岛素治疗组,正常大鼠作为对照组.每隔3d监测大鼠血糖.治疗8w后,腹主动脉取血,检测各组大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.结果 DM模型组及其治疗组SOD活力、体重明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),黄芪治疗组、胰岛素治疗组和黄芪+胰岛素治疗组SOD活性、体重明显高于dm模型组(P＜0.05),黄芪治疗组和胰岛素治疗组SOD活性、体重明显低于黄芪+胰岛素治疗组(P＜0.05).DM模型组及其治疗组MDA含量明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),黄芪治疗组和胰岛素治疗组MDA含量、血糖明显高于黄芪+胰岛素治疗组(P＜0.05),黄芪治疗组、胰岛素治疗组和黄芪+胰岛素治疗组MDA含量、血糖明显低于DM模型组(P＜0.05).结论黄芪联合胰岛素在抑制DM大鼠的氧化应激,改善血糖,控制体重上较单一应用黄芪或胰岛素,效果更显著.     

老年下肢血管介入治疗后再狭窄的影响因素

目的分析老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)后再狭窄的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年10月泸州市西南医科大学附属医院血管外科符合条件的98例老年下肢ASO患者的临床资料,对比不同性别、年龄、血管内支架植入状况、病变部位、残余狭窄、Rutherford分级患者的再狭窄发生率,对比发生与未发生再狭窄患者的踝肱指数与超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)水平。结果膝下血管病变患者的再狭窄发生率明显高于膝上血管病变患者,血管内支架植入患者的再狭窄发生率明显低于未植入患者,发生再狭窄患者的hs-CRP、GHb水平明显高于未发生再狭窄患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多项Logistic回归分析结果显示,膝下血管病变、hs-CRP过表达、GHb过表达是下肢ASO患者PTA治疗后再狭窄的危险因素(OR1,P0.05),血管内支架植入是下肢ASO患者PTA治疗后发生再狭窄的保护因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论下肢ASO患者PTA治疗后再狭窄的发生与膝下血管病变、hs-CRP过表达、GHb过表达有密切关系,对于有上述危险因素的下肢ASO患者在PTA围术期应积极给予合理干预,而PTA联合血管内支架植入有利于减少再狭窄发生。     

经皮腔内血管介入治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效及其影响因素分析

目的探讨经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)联合血管内支架置入术(PTAS)治疗老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的临床疗效及其影响因素分析。方法选取我院收治的老年单侧下肢ASO患者84例,所有患者采用PTA或联合PTAS进行介入治疗,检测患者高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,观察手术成功率及术后1、6、12个月踝肱指数(ABI)、血管开通率。结果手术成功率为92.86%。与术前比较,术后1个月患者hs-CRP水平[(2.72±0.64)mg/L vs (5.31±1.53)mg/L]及RutherfordⅣ级(33.33%vs 7.14%)、Ⅴ级(14.29%vs 2.38%)、Ⅵ级(11.90%vs0)比例明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。术后1、6、12个月ABI和血管开通率较术前明显升高(P0.05),且术后1、6、12个月ABI呈明显升高趋势(P0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄是疗效的危险因素(95%CI:0.801～0.993,P=0.037)。术前hs-CRP是术后再狭窄的危险因素(95%CI:1.053～4.174,P=0.035)。结论经皮腔内介入治疗下肢ASO效果显著,年龄是影响手术效果的主要因素,术前hs-CRP是术后再狭窄的危险因素。     

盐酸氨溴索雾化对COPD患者氧化应激的影响

目的探讨盐酸氨溴索雾化对COPD患者氧化应激的影响。方法选取70例Ⅱ级中度COPD患者分为对照组和治疗组。对照组采用单一吸入噻托溴胺粉雾剂治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用盐酸氨溴索雾化吸入治疗,疗程4周。所有入选者抽取静脉血,化学比色法检测血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果与治疗前比较,治疗组患者血清GSH、SOD、MDA水平较治疗前显著减低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组患者血清GSH、SOD、MDA水平较对照组显著减低(P<0.05)。结论盐酸氨溴索雾化能改善COPD患者全身氧化应激水平。     

缺血后适应对右冠状动脉急性闭塞的ST段抬高心肌梗死患者缓慢性再灌注心律失常的影响

目的探讨局部缺血后适应(IPC)对右冠状动脉闭塞的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者发生缓慢性再灌注心律失常的影响及其机制。方法选取发病时间≤12 h且冠状动脉造影证实为右冠状动脉闭塞的STEMI行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者,随机分为IPC组(n=60)及常规组(n=59);IPC组在重新恢复血流的1 min内,采用球囊扩张充气60 s/球囊回抽放气60 s三个循环。常规收集患者一般资料,主要观察两组PCI术中出现再灌注心律失常的情况,术前、术后即刻、24 h与48 h抽血查丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果两组间患者一般情况及术前cTnI水平无差异。与常规组比较,IPC组术中出现再灌注心律失常明显下降,尤其是缓慢性心律失常的发生,与常规组比较发生Ⅱ～Ⅲ度AVB(分别为6例、20例)、小于50次/分的窦性心动过缓(8例、30例)、窦性停搏(0例、5例)(P均0.05)。两组术前MDA、SOD无差异,IPC组术后各时间点较常规组SOD水平明显升高,而MDA明显下降(P均0.05)。结论对于右冠急性闭塞的STEMI患者IPC能有效减少缺血再灌注心律失常,尤其是缓慢性心律失常,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激有关。     

Glucose and insulin concentration in amniotic fluid and in maternal blood in early and in late pregnancy

Glucose concentration in the amniotic fluid decreases towards the end of gestation, whereas the insulin concentration increases. The ratio between fetal (amniotic fluid) glucose to maternal glucose is reduced by about 50% at the end of pregnancy, whereas the ratio of C peptide is increased four times. The higher glucose concentration in amniotic fluid in early pregnancy could be explained by a lower fetal metabolic rate in the early stage of development and a low insulin activity of the fetus.     

Osteoporosis in celiac disease and in endocrine and reproductive disorders

As the increase in lifespan brings to light diseases that were previously not clinically detectable, osteoporosis has become an issue of worldwide significance. The disease is marked by a loss of bone mass; the bones become less dense, fragile and more prone to fracturing. Because it is regulated by endocrine and environmental factors, osteoporosis presents a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, with the genetic component accounting for 70% of an individual variation in bone mass density （BMD）, the principal determinant, with age, of fracture risk. Pathological conditions such as celiac disease （CD） exacerbate the process of bone loss, so that the occurrence of osteoporosis in celiac subjects is of particular note： indeed, the screening of osteoporosis patients for this disease is advisable, since it may be the only sign of undiagnosed CD. An increase in interleukin IL-1β, of the IL-1 system, in the relatives of celiac patients confirms the genetic predisposition to osteoporosis and its presence is evidence of an association between the two conditions. The direct effect on the bones of CD is secondary to poor absorption of calcium and vitamin D. In women osteoporosis is indirectly associated with early menopause and amenorrhea, and it may follow prolonged breast-feeding and frequent pregnancies, while in men it is associated with hypogonadism and GH deficit. These endocrine and non-endocrine factors exert their effects on bones by modulating the RANK/RANK-L/OPG system. An appropriate lifestyle from adolescence onwards, together with early diagnosis of and treatment for CD and primaryand secondary endocrine pathologies are important for the prevention of damage to the bones.     

Anti-malarial efficacy of pyronaridine and artesunate in combination in vitro and in vivo

Pyronaridine is a Mannich base anti-malarial with demonstrated efficacy against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. However, resistance to pyronaridine can develop quickly when it is used alone but can be considerably delayed when it is administered with artesunate in rodent malaria models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pyronaridine in combination with artesunate against P. falciparum in vitro and in rodent malaria models in vivo to support its clinical application. Pyronaridine showed consistently high levels of in vitro activity against a panel of six P. falciparum drug-sensitive and resistant strains (Geometric Mean IC50=2.24 nM, 95% CI=1.20-3.27). In vitro interactions between pyronaridine and artesunate showed a slight antagonistic trend, but in vivo compared to pyronaridine and artesunate administered alone, the 3:1 ratio of the combination, reduced the ED90 of artesunate by approximately 15.6-fold in a pyronaridine-resistant P. berghei line and by approximately 200-fold in an artesunate-resistant line of P. berghei. Complete cure rates were achieved with doses of the combination above or equal to 8 mg/kg per day against P. chabaudi AS. These results indicate that the combination had an enhanced effect over monotherapy and lower daily doses of artesunate could be used to obtain a curative effect. The data suggest that the combination of pyronaridine and artesunate should have potential in areas of multi-drug resistant malaria.     

Differentiation pathways in carcinogenesis and in chemo- and radioresistance

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share many features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation. Signaling pathways that are involved in these processes are also involved in chemo- and radioresistance (e.g. Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog pathways). This review is focused on the influence of three important differentiation pathways on carcinogenesis and on chemo- and radioresistance in ESCs and CSCs.     

Telemedicine and Advances in Urban and Rural Healthcare Delivery in Africa

Telecardiology holds great promise for Africa, from tele-echocardiography and tele-ECG s, to home monitoring and text messaging for medication adherence monitoring. The burden of disease is great and there is an extreme shortage of health professionals. Telemedicine can provide access to scarce specialist care, improve the quality of care in rural areas and reduce the need for rural patients to travel to seek medical attention. International cross border service can alleviate the shortage of doctors. But telecardiology, and telemedicine uptake in general, has been poor in Africa. Legal and ethical issues around local and cross border telemedicine have not been resolved. The literature was reviewed and obstacles to telemedicine in Africa and current telemedicine activities in Africa, are described. There are few sustained telemedicine services in Africa with the exception of tele-education. There is an expectation that mobile phones will facilitate a range of telemedicine activities in Africa. Africa needs telemedicine.