连续性肾脏替代联合血液灌流治疗高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎的临床观察

目的 比较单纯连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）与CRRT联合血液灌流（HP）治疗高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎（HLSAP）的效果.方法 将97例HLSAP患者随机分为CRRT、CRRT＋HP两组,均予急性胰腺炎常规治疗及CRRT,CRRT＋ HP组另外加用HP治疗.比较治疗前与治疗72小时后两组患者APACHEⅡ评分、血清三酰甘油（TG）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、血、尿淀粉酶及主要脏器功能等指标变化;观察治疗前与治疗1周后CT严重程度指数（CTSI）变化;记录治疗1周内主要并发症发生率、平均住院天数及病死率.结果 治疗72小时后两组患者上述指标均较治疗前明显改善（P＜0.05）.治疗72小时后两组APACHEⅡ评分、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CRRT＋ HP组其余实验室指标改善更明显（P＜0.05）.治疗1周后两组患者CTSI较治疗前均下降（P＜0.05）;且CRRT＋HP组改善更明显（P＜0.05）.CRRT＋HP组主要并发症发生率、病死率更低（P＜0.05）,住院时间缩短（P＜0.05）.结论 CRRT联合HP治疗较单纯CRRT治疗能够更快降低患者血TG水平,改善临床症状,可有效防止SIRS及MODS/MOF发生,降低病死率.     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗严重脓毒症临床研究

目的探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)联合血液灌流(HP)应用于严重脓毒症的临床意义。方法入选2011年12月至2014年8月收治梅州市人民医院重症医学一科的92例严重脓毒症存在血液净化治疗指征患者,随机分为CVVH组及CVVH+HP组,比较两组治疗过程中炎症介质C-反应蛋白(CRP)、补体3(C3)、内毒素;血流动力学指标平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP);组织器官灌注指标血乳酸(Lac)、中心静脉血氧饱和度(Scv O2)、氧合指数(Pa O2/Fi O2);以及血小板、感染相关器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)。结果 CVVH+HP组治疗72 h时CRP、C3及内毒素降至最低,且低于CVVH组;治疗12 h后CVVH+HP组Lac低于CVVH组(P0.05),Scv O2高于CVVH组(P0.05);MAP、CVP两组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗24h CVVH+HP组Pa O2/Fi O2较CVVH组升高(P0.05),治疗12 h后,CVVH+HP组患者血小板水平较治疗前有所下降,且较CVVH组更低(均P0.05),治疗48h SOFA评分亦较CVVH组降低(P0.05)。结论 CVVH联合HP能够有效清除炎症介质,提高严重脓毒症患者氧合状态,改善组织器官灌注,改善器官功能,但对血小板有一定破坏。     

血液灌流并连续性肾脏替代治疗和透析滤过治疗百草枯中毒疗效研究

目的探索血液灌流联合血液透析滤过(HP+HDF)和血液灌流联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(HP+CVVH)对百草枯中毒患者百草枯(PQ)的清除作用。方法选择2013年8月至2015年12月入住上海市第十人民医院肾脏科的急性PQ中毒患者16例,分成HP+HDF组(7例)和HP+CVVH组(9例),观察两种透析模式对中毒患者血、尿PQ浓度的影响及其与临床生化指标的关系。结果 (1)两种模式的透析器均可显著降低PQ浓度(P0.01);(2)HP+HDF组透析器对中毒患者血液PQ的摄取率、清除率均显著高于HP+CVVH组(P0.05);(3)HP+HDF组患者血液PQ浓度在透析开始2 h内逐渐降低,但2 h后3例患者PQ浓度再次升高,而HP+CVVH组患者在透析12 h内显著下降,之后维持在较低水平;(4)透析后HP+CVVH组血中PQ浓度较透析前显著降低(P0.01),HP+HDF组则降低不明显(P0.05);两组透析后尿中PQ浓度均较透析前显著降低(P0.01);透析前后血液及尿液中PQ浓度下降百分率HP+CVVH模式均显著高于HP+HDF(P0.01);(5)HP+CVVH组患者第7天的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血肌酐、尿素氮与第3天相比显著降低(P0.05),HP+HDF组则无明显变化(P0.05)。结论两种透析模式均能有效清除中毒患者血、尿中的PQ,但HP+CVVH透析模式更加高效平稳,避免了透析中血液PQ浓度的再次增高。研究为HP+CVVH和HP+HDF技术应用于百草枯中毒抢救提供了临床实验依据。     

CVVH联合血必净治疗老年多脏器功能障碍综合征患者的临床疗效

目的探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)联合血必净注射液治疗老年多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的临床疗效。方法将66例老年MODS患者分为常规治疗组24例,常规治疗+CVVH组20例,常规治疗+CVVH+血必净组22例,观察各组治疗前及治疗后1、3、5 d急性生理与增性健康评分(APACHE)Ⅱ评分及各脏器功能的变化、呼吸支持时间、ICU住院时间。结果治疗后各组APACHEⅡ评分、各脏器功能均较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05),三联组疗效更显著(P<0.01);两联、三联两组患者的呼吸机支持时间和ICU住院时间较常规组明显缩短,三联组更为显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 CVVH联合血必净治疗老年MODS患者可明显改善患者的各脏器功能,并缩短ICU住院时间。     

血液灌流联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗高脂血症性胰腺炎的疗效

目的探讨血液灌流(HP)联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)技术治疗高脂血症性胰腺炎(HLP)的临床疗效。方法将19例HLP患者随机分为两组,联合治疗组10例采用HP+CVVH治疗,对照组9例采用常规CVVH治疗,比较两组治疗前后甘油三酯(TG);肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-1、IL-6等细胞因子水平及急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE)Ⅱ和存活率。结果联合治疗组治疗7 d后TG、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6及APACHEⅡ评分均呈下降趋势,与对照组比较差异显著(P0.05);联合治疗组存活率7/10(70%)明显高于对照组5/9(55.6%)。结论 HP联合CVVH治疗能迅速降低血脂,有效调整炎症因子水平,改善HLP患者预后,提高存活率。     

不同抗凝方法对连续性血液净化治疗脓毒症患者凝血功能和疗效的影响

目的探讨不同抗凝方法对连续性血液净化治疗脓毒症患者凝血功能和疗效的影响。方法 120例脓毒症患者均行连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗,其中有活动性出血者60例行无肝素治疗(无肝素组),有出血倾向者60例采用低分子肝素抗凝(肝素组)。两组治疗前及治疗后1、2 d检测尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血小板(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、国际标准化比值(INR)和纤维蛋白原(Fg),并于治疗后3 d采用急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统(APACHE)Ⅲ评估健康状况,依据APACHEⅢ预测死亡率并统计28 d存活率。结果两组治疗后BUN、Scr水平较治疗前均明显降低(P0.05),但组间无显著差异(P0.05);PLT、PT、APTT、TT、INR和Fg水平较治疗前均明显降低(P0.05),但组间无显著差异(P0.05);APACHEⅢ评分、死亡率和28 d存活率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论连续性血液净化能够改善脓毒症患者凝血功能,不同抗凝方法对连续性血液净化治疗脓毒症患者的凝血功能和疗效影响不明显。     

CVVH治疗对脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨连续性静脉—静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗对脓毒症并发急性肾损伤(AKI)患者免疫功能的影响.方法 选择脓毒症并发AKI患者21例,均在基础治疗的基础上给予CVVH治疗.分别观察患者治疗前后CD3+、CD3+/CD4+、CD3+/CD8+、C反应蛋白(CRP)、WBC、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ( APACHE Ⅱ)的变化.结果 CVVH治疗后,大多数患者临床症状改善.与治疗前比较,治疗后CD3+、CD3+/CD4+、CD3+/CD8+显著升高(P均＜0.05);APACHE Ⅱ、CRP、WBC、BUN、Cr明显降低(P均＜0.05).结论 CVVH能调节脓毒症并发AKI患者的T淋巴细胞亚群免疫稳态,改善患者预后.     

主动脉球囊反搏及连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过在重症急性病毒性心肌炎中的应用

目的:探讨主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)及连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)在重症急性病毒性心肌炎(SAVM)中的疗效。方法:对20例重症急性病毒性心肌炎患者资料进行临床回顾性分析。所有患者均进行心电图、心脏超声、胸片和心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白、血清N端前体脑钠肽(NT-BNP)等心肌损伤标识物检查。根据病情需要,在常规治疗基础上,部分患者行IABP,进行CVVH治疗,监测治疗前后动脉压、心率等生命体征。结果:与非IABP组比较,IABP组平均压升高,心率降低,肾功能改善,心肌酶谱及NT-BNP明显降低,心功能改善(均P0.05);与非CVVH组比较,CVVH组前述指标同样得到改善(均P0.05)。治疗后观察,IABP+CVVH组较单纯IVBP、CVVH组各指标亦显著改善(均P0.05)。结论:在急性重症病毒性心肌炎患者治疗中,应用IABP及CVVH能显著改善预后,降低死亡率。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗SIRS疗效观察

目的观察连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）联合血液灌流（HP）治疗全身性炎症反应综合征（SIRS）的疗效。方法将20例SIRS患者随机分为两组,治疗组予CVVH联合HP,对照组单独予CVVH。结果与治疗前比较,两组治疗后体温、心率、白细胞计数及血浆内毒素、细胞因子均明显下降（P〈0．05）,治疗组下降更明显（P〈0．05）。结论CVVH联合HP治疗SIR安全有效。     

HP联合CVVH对急性重度有机磷农药中毒患者血清AST、cTnI、AMS水平的影响

目的 观察连续性血液灌流(HP)联合静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对急性重度有机磷农药中毒患者血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、血清淀粉酶(AMS)水平的影响.方法 将64例重度有机磷农药中毒患者分为对照组34例和治疗组30例,两组给予洗胃、导泻、应用抗胆碱药物及复能剂、呼吸循环支持、静脉营养等常规治疗;治疗组另给予HP治疗3h和CVVH治疗24h.观察两组治疗前后血清AST、cTnI、AMS水平变化.结果 两组治疗前AST、cTnI、AMS水平差异无统计学意义.治疗12 h,对照组AST、cTnI、AMS水平较治疗前升高(P均＜0.05);治疗24h,与治疗12h比较,AST水平继续升高(P＜0.05),cTnI、AMS水平升高不明显(P均＞0.05).治疗12 h,治疗组AST、cTnI、AMS显著降低(P均＜0.05);治疗24h,上述指标继续降低(P均＜0.05).结论 HP联合CVVH能显著降低急性重度有机磷农药中毒患者血清AST、cTnI、AMS水平,从而减轻患者的多脏器损伤.     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。