国产尼莫地平软胶囊人体相对生物利用度研究

目的：研究尼莫地平软胶囊的人体相对生物利用度。方法：10名健康男性志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服国产尼莫地平软胶囊和进口尼莫通片后,用HPLC法测定血浆中尼莫地平的浓度变化情况。结果：两种制剂的体内药时数据符合二室模型,Cmax分别为27.15±9.77ng/ml,38.02±14.83ng/ml;Tmax为1.04±0.41h,0.77±0.25h;AUC(0～12)为107.79±38.56μg/h/L,111.22±47.63μg/h/L。两种制剂的相对生物利用度比较,其生物利用度为99.92％。结论：表明国产尼莫地平软胶囊与进口尼莫通片属生物等效制剂。     

格列吡嗪胶囊的相对生物利用度和生物等效性

目的:考察格列吡嗪胶囊人体相对生物利用度及生物等效性。方法:20名健康男性志愿者,采用交叉给药方案,分别单剂量口服5.0mg受试格列吡嗪胶囊和参比格列吡嗪胶囊,用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中格列吡嗪浓度,进行人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性评价。结果:单次口服5.0mg受试格列吡嗪胶囊和参比格列吡嗪胶囊后,达峰时间(Tmax)分别为(2.1±0.5)h和(2.2±1.1)h;峰值血药浓度(Cmax)分别为(298.95±105.66)ng/ml和±281.55±68.84)ng/ml;半衰期(t1/2)分别为(4.14±1.33)h和(3.80±1.28)h;药时曲线下面积采用梯形法计算,AUC0-t分别为(1565.89±659.41)ng·h/ml和(1580.13±465.43)ng·h/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(1649.53±704.58)ng·h/ml和(1644.15±478.92)ng·h/ml。结论:受试格列吡嗪胶囊的相对生物利用度为(98.3±19.3)%,主要参数的双、单侧t检验,结果显示两种制剂为生物等效制剂。     

进口和国产甲巯咪唑片的人体药动学及相对生物利用度

目的 比较进口和国产甲巯咪唑片的人体相对生物利用度。方法 12名健康男性志愿受试者,随机分为2组,分别于早晨空腹一次口服进口或国产甲巯咪唑片20mg,1周后再交叉服药。受试者分别于服药前及服药后0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、3、4、5、6、8、12、24h肘静脉取血3ml,用HPLC方法测定甲巯咪唑的血药浓度。结果 甲巯咪唑进口制剂与国产制剂血药浓度变化曲线基本平行,两制剂的主要药动学参数如下:T_(max)分别为1.5±1.0h和1.4±0.8h,C_(max)分别为390±77ng/ml和373±100ng/ml,AUC_(0-24)分别为3 384±931ng·h·ml~(-1)和3 104±704ng·h·ml~(-1),AUC_(0-∞)分别为3 845±930ng·h·ml~(-1)和3 446±705ng·h·ml~(-1),T_(1/2)分别为8.7±2.9h和7.8±2.7h,进口和国产制剂的主要药动学参数之间无统计学显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 进口甲巯咪唑片相对于国产甲巯咪唑片的平均生物利用度为115％。     

格列吡嗪缓释胶囊及其生物利用度的研究

研制了格列吡嗪缓释胶囊 (SRC) ,释放曲线与国外同类缓释片 (ESRT)基本一致。 10名健康志愿受试者交叉口服SRC和美吡达 (普通片 ,CT)后 ,进行了药物动力学和相对生物利用度的研究。单剂量口服 5mg ,SRC和CT的AUC分别为 5 189.33± 6 2 1.10ng·h/ml和 5 198.5 2± 881.73ng·h/ml,MRT分别为 11.97±2 .30h和 7.46± 0 .82h ,Cmax分别为 5 0 7.34± 114.0 2ng/ml和 834.5± 92 .8ng/ml;Tmax分别为 4.4± 1.3h和2 .0± 0 .4h ,SRC的相对生物利用度为 (99.8± 10 ) %。多剂量口服SRC(每日 1次 ,每次 10mg)和CT(每日 2次 ,每次 5mg)研究 ,Cmin分别为 6 8.1± 38.9ng/ml和 5 8.4± 44 .8ng/ml,Cmax分别为 5 6 5 .9± 10 4.6ng/ml和5 5 8.5± 181.3ng/ml,波动系数FI分别为 1.5 7± 0 .2 5和 1.6 4± 0 .4。表明日服一次SRC与日服 2次CT生物等效。     

盐酸多奈哌齐分散片在健康人体的生物等效性研究

目的:建立HPLC-MS法测定人体血浆中多奈哌齐的药物浓度,研究口服盐酸多奈哌齐分散片在健康人体的生物等效性。方法:20名健康志愿者单剂量交叉口服受试制剂盐酸多奈哌齐分散片或参比制剂盐酸多奈哌齐片5 mg。采用HPLC-MS测定其不同时间点血药浓度,计算主要药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度,判断其是否具有生物等效性。结果:在0.1~16 ng·ml-1范围内,线性关系良好,最低定量限为0.1 ng·ml-1。受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药代动力学参数:t1/2分别为(57.38±15.27)、(59.27±27.02) h; Tmax分别为(3.4±1.42)、(3.75±2.73) h; Cmax分别为(9.56±2.4)、(9.54±2.73) ng·ml-1 ;AUC0-t分别为(602.94±190.43)、(623.25±299.76) ng·h·ml-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(105.2±43.2)%。两制剂的主要药代动力学参数无显著性差异。结论:2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

阿奇霉素片的相对生物利用度和生物等效性

目的:考察阿奇霉素片人体相对生物利用度及生物等效性。方法:22名健康男性志愿者,采用交叉给药方案,分别单剂量口服20mg受试阿奇霉素片和参比阿奇霉素片,用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中阿奇霉素浓度,进行人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性评价。结果:单次口服20mg受试阿奇霉素片和参比阿奇霉素片后,达峰时间Tmax分别为(2.0±1.4)h和(1.8±0.6)h;峰值血药浓度Cmax分别为(584.27±258.93)ng/ml和(523.27±186.53)ng/ml;t1/2分别为(47.64±10.38)h和(51.96±12.49)h;药时曲线下面积采用梯形法计算,AUC0→t分别为(3532.26±1311.69)和(3500.10±1229.70)ng.h/ml,AUC0→∞分别为(3986.30±1443.53)ng.h/ml和(4015.14±1426.56)ng.h/ml。结论:国产阿奇霉素片的相对生物利用度为(104.3±27.8%),主要参数的双单侧t检验,结果显示两种制剂为生物等效制剂。     

格列喹酮胶囊和片剂的人体药动学和相对生物利用度

10名健康志愿者,随机交叉口服单剂量(60 mg)格列喹酮胶囊或 片剂,采用HPLC法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果tmax分别为 2.60±0.20 h和2.70± 0.24 h;血药浓度峰值Cmax分别为1315.9±206.2 ng/ml和1211.8±177.3 ng/ml; 两种制剂的消除相半衰期t1/2分别为1.86±0.13 h和1.86±0.15 h; 血药曲线 下面积AUC分别为5443.1±583.5 ng·h/ml和5440.8±662.0 ng·h/ml。药-时曲线符合一 房室线性模型。以北京第六制药厂的格列喹酮片为标准, 算得格列喹酮胶囊的相对生物利用 度为100.7％±10.1％, 经方差分析和双单侧t检验证明, 两种制剂吸收程度一致。     

替硝唑片在人体内生物等效性的试验观察

目的研究替硝唑片在健康人体内的生物等效性。方法采用双周期两制剂交叉试验设计,单剂量口服500mg替硝唑片,用HPLC法测定血清药物浓度。结果试验制剂的药代动力学参数Cmax、Tmax、T1/2、AUC0→72分别为(12·56±3·188)ng/ml、(2·01±1·24)h、(16·03±1·69)h和(257·55±47·46)ng·h/ml与参与制剂的(12·13±2·23)ng/ml、(1·93±0·86)h、(15·79±1·88)h和(257·86±46·41)ng·h/ml差异无显著性(P>0·05)。结论受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球的生物利用度

目的：建立兔血浆中水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球浓度的反相高效液相色谱测定方法,研究水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球的代谢动力学及相对生物利用度。方法：色谱柱,Agilent Zorbax C18（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相A,20 mmol/L KH2PO4缓冲溶液（pH 3.0）;流动相B,甲醇（A∶B=55∶45,V/V）。12只健康大白兔进行随机交叉实验,给药剂量为20 mg/kg。结果：生物黏附微球和混悬液的主要药动学参数：峰浓度Cmax分别为（905.94±230.16） ng/ml和（321.32±86.65） ng/ml;达峰时间T（peak）分别为（4.70±1.02） h和（1.66±1.00） h;半衰期t1/2分别为（4.07±0.12） h和（1.64±0.09） h;药物曲线下面积AUC0-24分别为（11 841.35±579.58） ng·h/ml和（1 537.34±156.43） ng·h/ml。由２种制剂的AUC0-24计算,生物黏附微球的相对生物利用度为（770.2±370.5）%。结论：水飞蓟宾生物黏附微球的生物利用度是速释制剂混悬液的7.7倍,明显提高了水飞蓟宾在体内的吸收。     

盐酸氨溴索口服溶液的药代动力学及相对生物利用度

目的: 比较盐酸氨溴索口服溶液和片剂的生物利用度与药代动力学。 方法: 志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服 90 mg 盐酸氨溴索口服溶液和片剂, HPLC 法测定血浆中的药物浓度, 采用三因素方差分析和双向单侧t检验比较两种制剂的 AUC。 结果: 口服溶液和片剂的 cmax 分别为 ( 169.03 ±23.42) 和(163.17±23.41) ng/ml; tmax 分别为 (1.20±0.22) 和 (1.44 ±0.23) h; t1/2β 分别为 (7.07±1.54) 和 (7.97±1.17) h; AUC 分别为 (1 287.13± 250.84)和(1 317.85±151.31) h*ng/ml。 结论: 盐酸氨溴索口服溶液与片剂具有相同的生物利用度, 口服溶液的相对生物利用度为(97.61 ±15.65) ％。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.