大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理后IRE1表达的变化

目的观察缺血预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后肌醇需求激酶1(IRE1)mRNA及其蛋白表达和神经元凋亡的影响。方法 SD大鼠120只,随机分为假手术组(SO)、脑缺血再灌注组(MCAO)、脑缺血预处理组(BIP),每组按照再缺血后12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d 4个时间点分为4个亚组。采用二次线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理模型,分别用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法观察再缺血后各个时间点IRE1 mRNA及其蛋白表达的变化,用流式细胞术检测神经细胞凋亡率。结果 (1)MCAO组12 h IRE1 mRNA及其蛋白表达开始明显升高,24 h达高峰(P0.01),随再灌注时间延长其表达逐渐下降;BIP组较MCAO组IRE1 mRNA及其蛋白各时间点表达均明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。(2)MCAO组12 h细胞凋亡发生率明显增加,24 h时达到高峰(P0.01),以后逐渐下降;BIP组各个时间点神经元凋亡发生率较MCAO组明显降低(均P0.05)。结论脑缺血预处理可能通过诱导内质网应激后IRE1的表达发挥其神经保护作用。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后早期生长反应基因-1 mRNA的表达

目的探讨早期生长反应基因-1( early growth response gene-1,Egr-1)mRNA在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后的表达情况。方法取10只健康雄性SD大鼠,体重200 ～250 g,应用原位杂交和RT-PCR方法检测大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后Egr-1 mRNA的表达情况。结果 (1)原位杂交结果:假手术组神经元及胶质细胞为轻度阳性表达。缺血2 h再灌注2 h后,缺血侧Egr-1 mRNA细胞阳性表达明显增强。再灌注4 h时Egr-1 mRNA细胞阳性表达最高,再灌注22 h Egr-1 mRNA细胞阳性表达下降,至166 h时下降更加明显,但仍显著高于假手术组。(2)RT-PCR结果:大鼠脑缺血再灌注后缺血侧Egr-1 mRNA的表达明显高于假手术组,P<0.01。动态观察发现,脑缺血2h再灌注2 h后,Egr-1 mRNA即高表达,缺血2 h再灌注4 h达高峰,再灌注46 h已明显下降,但仍高于假手术组,P<0.01,随缺血再灌注时间延长,Egr-1 mRNA表达又逐渐增多,至再灌注166 h其表达亦明显高于假手术组,P<0.01。结论缺血再灌注后Egr-1 mRNA有规律性表达。     

缺血后处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤神经保护作用的研究

目的探讨大鼠脑缺血后处理对缺血再灌注损伤后神经元的保护作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(SO组)、缺血再灌注对照组(MCAO组)、缺血后处理组(IPOC组)3组。采用线栓法制备大鼠MCAO模型及IPOC模型,分别用TTC染色法计算脑梗死体积、流式细胞术和ELISA法观察,对于大鼠缺血半暗带神经细胞凋亡率及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响。结果 (1)大鼠脑缺血再灌注后24h,IPOC组较MCAO组梗死体积明显减小(P<0.05);(2)MCAO组大鼠脑缺血再灌注24h细胞凋亡发生率及血清中NSE的含量较SO组显著增加(P<0.01);(3)IPOC组神经元凋亡发生率及血清NSE较MCAO组显著降低(P<0.05或0.01)。结论大鼠脑缺血后处理对缺血再灌注神经元损伤有保护作用。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达

目的探讨大鼠脑缺血再灌注后caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax在脑皮质神经元中的表达。方法将动物随机分为假手术组及缺血组,参照zea longa线栓法建立大鼠左侧大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,各组大鼠分别在左侧MCAO2h再灌注不同时间点断头取脑,脑皮质神经元中caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达通过免疫组化法来测定。结果缺血组大鼠脑皮质caspase-3的表达较假手术组显著增强(P<0.01),缺血组大鼠脑皮质Bcl-2的表达较假手术组显著增强(P<0.01),缺血组大鼠脑皮质Bax的表达较假手术组显著增强(P<0.01)。结论短暂性脑缺血再灌注上调脑皮质神经元中caspase-3和Bax的表达促细胞凋亡,上调脑皮质神经元中Bcl-2的表达抗细胞凋亡。     

肾上腺髓质素对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元凋亡、梗死体积及Egr-1的影响(英文)

目的探讨肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin, ADM)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元凋亡、梗死体积及早期生长反应基因Egr-1 mRNA表达的影响,进一步研究ADM在局灶性缺血再灌注脑损伤中的作用。方法采用线栓法制成大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(MCAO)模型,阻断血流2 小时后进行再灌注。TTC染色法测定梗死体积,TUNEL法检测神经元凋亡,原位杂交法检测Egr-1 mRNA阳性细胞表达。结果大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑梗死体积为269 ± 20 mm3,股静脉、颈动脉、侧脑室注射ADM 后,梗死体积分别缩小为239 ± 17mm3(减少11.2%),214 ± 14 mm3 (减少20.4%),209 ± 13 mm3 (减少22.3%)。颈动脉注射ADM和侧脑室注射ADM在减少脑梗死体积方面明显优于股静脉注射ADM(P < 0.05)。缺血再灌注组大鼠缺血侧大脑皮质、海马CA1区TUNEL染色阳性细胞明显多于假手术组(P < 0.01)。给予ADM后缺血侧大脑皮质、海马CA1区TUNEL染色阳性细胞显著少于缺血再灌注组,以颈动脉给予ADM组和侧脑室给予ADM组更明显(P < 0.01)。假手术组大鼠大脑皮质有少量Egr-1mRNA阳性细胞表达,缺血再灌注后缺血侧大脑皮质、海马Egr-1mRNA阳性细胞表达多于假手术组(P < 0.01),应用ADM后三组大鼠大脑皮质、海马Egr-1 mRNA阳性细胞的表达明显高于缺血再灌注组(P < 0.01),但以颈动脉给予ADM组和侧脑室给予ADM组Egr-1 mRNA阳性细胞表达增高最明显(P < 0.01)。结论股静脉、侧脑室和颈动脉给予外源性ADM能减少神经元凋亡,减少梗死体积,激活Egr-1 mRNA的表达。     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后GFAP和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡和星形胶质细胞表达的变化.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、单纯缺血组、EGb761干预组,线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型(MCAO),原位末端标记(TUNEL)法观察神经细胞的凋亡情况,免疫组化法观测星形胶质细胞的表达.结果 与单纯缺血...     

胰岛素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Bcl-2表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Bcl-2表达及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 将动物随机分为假手术组、缺血组及干预组,参照Zea Longa线栓法建立大鼠左侧大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)再灌注模型,干预组大鼠在脑缺血即刻给予胰岛素及葡萄糖腹腔注射,分别在左侧MCAO2h再灌注不同时间点断头取脑,脑皮质神经元Bcl-2的表达通过免疫组化法来测定,并采用TUNEL法原住标记DNA片段,检测TUNEL阳性细胞的变化.结果 缺血组大鼠脑皮质Bcl-2的表达较假手术组显著增强(P＜0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数较假手术组显著增多(P＜0.01);给予胰岛素处理后,Bcl-2的表达较缺血组显著增强(P＜0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数较缺血组明显减少(P＜0.01),但两者均显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01).结论 短暂的脑缺血再灌注可导致脑皮质神经元中Bcl-2的表达增加,抗细胞凋亡;胰岛素可上调脑皮质神经元中Bcl-2的表达,发挥神经保护作用.     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理后XBP-1表达的变化

目的 观察缺血预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后X盒结合蛋白1(XBP-1)mRNA及其蛋白表达的影响.方法 SD大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组(SO)、脑缺血再灌注组(MCAO)、脑缺血预处理组(BIP)3组,每组按照再缺血后12h、1d、2d、3d4个时间点分为4个亚组.采用二次线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理模型,用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法观察再缺血后各个时间点XBP-1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达变化.结果 MCAO组XBP-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达均于缺血再灌注后12h开始明显上升,24h达高峰(P＜0.01),随再灌注时间延长其表达逐渐下降,但仍保持较高表达水平(P ＜0.01);BIP组较MCAO组XBP-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 脑缺血预处理可能通过诱导XBP-1表达发挥其神经保护作用.     

局灶性脑缺血大鼠预处理后CHOP mRNA及其蛋白的表达

目的观察缺血预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP homology protein,CHOP)mRNA及其蛋白表达的影响。方法SD大鼠180只,随机分为假手术组(sham-operation group,SO)、脑缺血再灌注组(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)、脑缺血预处理组(brain ischemic preconditioning,BIP)3组,每组按照再缺血后12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d其4个时间点分为4个亚组。采用二次线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血预处理模型,用原位杂交法和免疫印迹法(western blot)观察再缺血后各个时间点CHOP mRNA及其蛋白的表达变化,用流式细胞术检测神经细胞凋亡率。结果①MCAO组12 h CHOPmRNA表达达高峰(142.92±7.46,P<0.01),随再灌注时间延长其表达逐渐下降;BIP组缺血各时间点其表达水平均显著下降(12 h:157.7±8.37;24 h:167.54±8.99;2 d:178.16±9.25;3 d:186.85±9.82,P<0.05)。②MCAO组CHOP蛋白表达于缺血再灌注后12 h开始明显上升,24 h达高峰,2 d后表达开始减弱(1.674±0.136,P<0.01);BIP组较MCAO组CHOP表达明显降低(12 h:1.453±0.128;24 h:1.605±0.132;2 d:1.485±0.129;3 d:1.279±0.115,P<0.05,P<0.01)。③MCAO组12 h细胞凋亡发生率显著增加(34.6%±11.5%),1 d时达到高峰(48.2%±12.4%),以后时间点逐渐下降;BIP组各个时间点神经元凋亡发生率较MCAO组显著降低(12 h:25.3%±9.0%;24 h:36.4%±10.9%;2 d:30.8%±11.2%;3 d:22.5%±8.7%,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论脑缺血预处理可能通过抑制CHOP表达发挥其神经保护作用。     

Pinacidil抑制线粒体和死亡受体通路减少大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经元凋亡(英文)

目的探讨ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂pinacidil对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经元凋亡的保护作用及信号转导机制。方法 100 只Wistar 雄性大鼠随机分为四组:A 组(假手术组)、B组 (缺血组)、C 组 (KATP开放剂处理组)及D组 (KATP开放剂和阻断剂处理组)。用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,用DNA断端末端标记法(terminal-deoxynucleotidytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling,TUNEL)检测神经元凋亡,用原位杂交方法检测caspase-3、caspase-8及caspase-9 mRNA的表达。结果 (1) C组12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h 时间点的凋亡细胞数较 B、D 组显著减少(P<0.05 或 P<0.01) ;B 组和 D组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2) C 组 caspase-3 mRNA 和 caspase-8 mRNA 在各时间点及 caspase-9 mRNA 在 12 h、24 h、48 h、72h 时间点的表达显著少于B组和D组(P<0.01或P<0.05),B组和D组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 KATP通道开放剂能显著减少大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的细胞凋亡及caspase-3、caspase-8及caspase-9 mRNA的表达。KATP通道开放剂可能通过抑制线粒体通路和死亡受体通路降低神经元凋亡,保护缺血再灌注损伤后的脑组织。     

不同病房模式对精神分裂症病情影响的研究

目的探讨不同病房模式对首发精神分裂症患者病情的影响及康复情况。方法开放式病房的患者为研究组68例,同时选择住封闭式病房患者为对照组130例,对两组患者的临床资料进行比较分析。结果对照组患者入院时焦虑抑郁及敌对猜疑出现明显变化（P＜0.05）;研究组患者在第1周时焦虑抑郁已经开始改善,第2周时病情、阳性症状、一般精神病理、敌对猜疑、激活性也出现明显变化（P＜0.05）;第4周时研究组病情及各因子、认知功能及自知力显著改善,与对照组比较存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论开放式病房模式可以减少患者的负性影响,更快改善患者的认知功能,有利于患者自知力的恢复,使患者的病情达到更全面的康复。     

Certain predictions on the effectiveness of l-DOPA on parkinsonism

Summary Sixty nine patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with L-DOPA for more than a year. L-DOPA produced remarkable improvement in akinetic patients, moderate improvement in rigidity and slight improvement in tremor. The degree of improvement in akinesia, rigidity and tremor tended to be reversely related to the severity of the disease. Rigidity and akinesia improved better in young patients, but there was no correlation between age and the response of tremor to the treatment. Except for rigidity there was no correlation between the improvement and the duration of the disease.

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Zusammenfassung 69 Parkinsonpatienten wurden während mehr als 1 Jahr mit L-DOPA behandelt. Es wurde dadurch bei akinetischen Patienten eine beachtliche, bei Patienten mit Rigor eine mäßige und bei Patienten mit Tremor eine geringfügige Besserung erreicht. Das Ausmaß der Besserung war in allen drei Formen um so geringer, je ausgeprägter die Symptome bei Behandlungsbeginn waren. Rigor und Akinesie sprachen bei jungen Patienten besser auf die Therapie an, aber es bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Alter der Patienten und der Beeinflußbarkeit des Tremors durch die L-DOPA-Therapie. Außer für den Rigor bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Ausmaß der Besserung und der Dauer der Erkrankung vor Behandlungsbeginn.

     

Efficacy of milnacipran on poststroke depression on inpatient rehabilitation

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has a negative impact on rehabilitation following stroke. No satisfactory antidepressant treatment for PSD has yet been developed. The present study examined the effect of milnacipran, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on PSD patients. Eleven PSD patients taking milnacipran in a rehabilitation hospital were compared to age-matched, sex-matched, and severity of depression at admission-matched PSD patients hospitalized during 2001 who did not take any antidepressant as historical control. Severity of depression was measured using self-rating depression scale for depression (SDS) assessed at admission and discharge after 3 months inpatient rehabilitation. Activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) were measured, respectively, by the functional independence measure (FIM) and a self-completed questionnaire for QOL (QUIK) as outcomes of rehabilitation. For the SDS score, the group taking milnacipran showed significant improvement compared to the control group in our study. FIM was improved in both groups. In the end QUIK did not change significantly in either group. We found no major side-effects of milnacipran among the patients. These results suggest that milnacipran is a safe and effective treatment for PSD for inpatients undergoing rehabilitation.     

Influence of abciximab on the adhesion of platelets on a shielded plasma gradient prepared on polyethylene

INTRODUCTION: Thrombotic effects of biomaterial implants are mediated merely through activation of the platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GpIIb-IIIa) receptor. Consequently, platelet GpIIb-IIIa receptor inhibitors are successfully used during stent implantation procedures to prevent thrombosis. However, currently a new generation of stents contains surface coating, which changes the surface to more hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This change markedly affects the interaction of platelets and may influence the efficiency of GpIIb-IIIa inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To study the influence of the wettability of biomaterials on the effectiveness of abciximab, 5-cm polyethylene gradients with contact angles of 100 degrees to 40 degrees were made by means of glow discharge. Fresh whole blood with or without abciximab was recirculated over this gradient. RESULTS: Inhibition of platelet adhesion by abciximab was maximal, but not complete, on the hydrophobic and moderate hydrophobic part of the gradient, with contact angles of 55 degrees to 90 degrees. Percentage inhibition by abciximab was maximal around 60 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate hydrophobicity of currently applied stent materials, such as stainless steel, seems optimal in combination with abciximab. However, on hydrophobic and particularly on hydrophilic materials, abciximab is less effective.     

散发神经鞘瘤22号染色体杂合子丢失发生的研究

目的探讨散发神经鞘瘤病人22号染色体（CHR22）杂合子丢失（LOH）情况及其与肿瘤增殖的关系。方法选取4个与NF2基因密切相关的多态性微卫星标记物,应用PCR方法研究54例神经鞘瘤的LOH情况。采用Ki-67和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）评估增殖指数。结果23例（42.6%）CHR22发生LOH,听神经鞘瘤发生率显著性高于脊神经鞘瘤（χ2=5.14,P〈0.05）。发生LOH者增殖指数明显高于无LOH者（Pki-67=0.0079,PPCNA=0.0021）。结论在散发神经鞘瘤中,CHR22LOH是常发事件;听神经瘤与脊神经鞘瘤LOH发生率有显著性差异,CHR22LOH与神经鞘瘤的增殖活动性有关。     

Clinical and experimental studies on the action of ethamsylate on haemostasis and on platelet functions

In a series of tests,the action of ethamsylate on haemostasis and on platelet functions was examined. After oral administration of the drug,a highly significant diminution of the bleeding time and of the blood loss from a standard wound was observed. This effect was demonstrated in healthy individuals and in patients suffering from platelet dysfunctions,and there was a distinct dose relation. There was also an increase of platelet adhesion,of PF 3 availability and of PF 4 release. The action of prostacyclin on the epinephrine induced platelet aggregation could be inhibited by ethamsylate. This offers a possible explanation for some of the effects on hemostasis. In addition,an action of ethamsylate on the platelet membrane was assumed since an in vitro increase of functions of the platelet membrane like PF 3 availability would not be explainable by a possible inhibition of prostacyclin.     

Laser therapy on points of acupuncture on nerve repair

正Paresthesia is the name given to a temporary or permanent sensory loss caused by several surgical procedures that affected the peripheral sensory nerve.In dentistry,common iatrogenic procedures that can lead to sensory loss include third molar removal,blocking of the inferior alveolar nerve