Anti-ulcer and antioxidant activity of DHC-1, a herbal formulation

DHC-1, a herbal formulation, was tested for its anti-ulcer and antioxidant activity in rats. Effect of various doses (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) of DHC-1 was studied on gastric secretion and gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligation and on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The reduction in ulcer index in both the models along with the reduction in volume and total acidity, and an increase in the pH of gastric fluid in pylorus-ligated rats proved the anti-ulcer activity of DHC-1. The increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane bound enzymes like Ca(2+)ATPase, Mg(2+)ATPase, and Na(+)K(+)ATPase and decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA) in both the models showed the antioxidant activity of the formulation. Thus, it can be concluded that DHC-1 possesses anti-ulcer activity, which can be attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.     

Anti-ulcer activity of ethanol extract of Terminaliapallida Brandis. in Swiss albino rats

Ethanol extract of Terminalia pallida Brandis. (EETP) was evaluated for its anti-ulcer activity against various models of ulcers, such as drug-induced ulcers, histamine-induced ulcers and ethanol-induced ulcers in Swiss albino rats. The EETP at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg per os (p.o.) exhibited significant protection against ulcers produced by indomethacin, histamine and the effect was comparable to that of the reference drug famotidine (30 mg/kg b.w) orally. The extract also afforded significant protection against ethanol-induced gastric ulceration. Meanwhile, EETP significantly lowered the elevated lipid peroxide level (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and restored the altered glutathione level in ethanol-induced gastric ulceration. The present investigation revealed that the EETP exhibited significant anti-ulcer activity by enhancing antioxidant potential of the gastric mucosa, thereby reducing mucosal damage.     

Anti-diarrhoeal and ulcer-protective effects of the aqueous root extract of Guiera senegalensis in rodents

The anti-diarrhoeal and ulcer-protective properties of the aqueous root extract of Guiera senegalensis, a popular herbal traditional medicine in Nigeria were investigated in rats and mice. Acute toxicity studies were also carried out. The intestinal transit in mice was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced and gastric emptying delayed. One hundred and Two hundred milligrams per kilogram (p.o.) of the extract elicited a greater anti-motility activity than 0.1 mg/kg of atropine. The extract exhibited ulcer-protective properties against ethanol-induced ulceration in rats with maximal anti-ulcer activity recorded at 100 mg/kg. Guiera senegalensis also exerted significant anti-enteropooling effects causing a dose-related inhibitory effect on castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. A profound anti-diarrhoeal activity was observed when Guiera senegalensis was tested in diarrhoeic mice. The frequency of defaecation as well as the wetness of the faecal droppings was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the extract produced 100% inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The oral LD50 values obtained were > 5000 mg/kg in both mice and rats. The results support the folkloric applications of Guiera senegalensis for the treatment of diarrhoea and ulcer in Nigerian herbal traditional medicine.     

Anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the n-butanol fraction from Pteleopsis suberosa stem bark

Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. et Diels (Combretaceae) is a tree distributed in many African countries. The decoction from the stem bark is orally administered for the treatment of gastric ulcers in traditional medicine. Previous pharmacological studies reported the anti-ulcer activity of extracts from P. suberosa stem bark. In the present study, the anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory effects of the n-butanol fraction (RBuOH) obtained from a methanol extract of P. suberosa bark were investigated on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. Misoprostol (0.50 mg/kg, p.o.) and indomethacin (8.00 mg/kg, p.o.) were used as positive controls for anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. Results showed that RBuOH treatment significantly reduced the incidence of gastric lesions (50 mg/kg, P<0.05; 100 and 200 mg/kg, P<0.01) and restored the decreased levels of total sulfhydryl groups (T-SH) and non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) (50, 100 mg/kg, P<0.05; 200 mg/kg, P<0.01) in the stomach homogenate. Moreover, RBuOH treatment attenuated MDA levels as index of lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosa. Administration of RBuOH at the same dosage (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced significantly (P<0.01) carrageenan-induced paw oedema in dose-dependent manner (from 42.81% to 87.81% inhibition, 5h after carrageenan injection). The anti-inflammatory effect of RBuOH at 200 mg/kg was comparable with that of indomethacin. Finally, RBuOH proved to possess elevated free radical scavenger capacity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC(50) 23.48 microg/ml) which may contribute to the observed anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities.     

Effect of Brazilian green propolis on experimental gastric ulcers in rats

Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from plants. The propolis produced in Southeastern of Brazil is known as green propolis because of its color. Modern herbalists recommend its use because it displays antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-ulcer properties. The anti-ulcer activity of green propolis hydroalcoholic crude extract was evaluated by using models of acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, indomethacin and stress in rats. Moreover, the effects of extract on gastric content volume, pH and total acidity, using pylorus ligated model were evaluated. Animals pretreated with propolis hydroalcoholic crude extract (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in lesion index, total affected area and percentage of lesion in comparison with control group (p < 0.05) in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. Green propolis extract, at a higher dose (500 mg/kg), displayed a significant protection by reducing (p < 0.05) the evaluated parameters in the gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin. In the stress-induced ulcer model it was observed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in those parameters in animals treated with green propolis extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). Regarding the pylorus ligated model it was observed that green propolis extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) displayed an anti-secretory activity, which lead to a reduction in the gastric juice volume, total acidity and pH. These findings indicate that Brazilian green propolis displays good anti-ulcer activity, corroborating the folk use of propolis preparations, and contributing for its pharmacological validation.     

Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumeria alba Linn. leaves in rats

OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn.METHODS:Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,ethanol and pylorus ligation.The hydroalcoholic extract(HAPA),and various fractions of HAPA like,n-hexane extract(HPA),ethyl acetate extract(EAPA) and n-butanol extract(BPA) were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for HAPA and 100 and 200 mg/kg for fractions of extracts.Parameters of gastric secretion(volume,pH,total protein,and free and total acidity) were determined by the pylorus ligation model.Parameters like aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also determined in ethanolinduced ulcer model.To determine the mechanism of action,role of nitric oxide was also evaluated.RESULTS:EAPA and BPA(100 and 200 mg/kg,p.o.) showed gastric ulcer-healing effect in indomethacin-induced ulcer model,while HAPA(200 mg/kg) and HPA showed no significant antiulcer effect.Both EAPA and BPA showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.CONCLUSION:The results of the present study show that some hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba L.displays antiulcer activity,as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced by different models,which is consistent with the literature report in folk medicine.     

Gastroprotective Effects of Ascaridole on Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Objective To evaluate the gastroprotective activity of ascaridole. Methods The gastroprotective effect of ascaridole was evaluated on ulcer healing in rats with acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer, pylorus ligation- and Aspirin-induced gastric ulcer. Ascaridole was ig administered with the dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg once daily for 7 d. Results Ascaridole showed the significant anti-ulcer effects. In acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rats, the ulcer areas after 10 and 20 mg/kg of ascaridole treatment were (65.1 ± 20.0) and (50.6 ± 11.0) mm2, respectively, which were significant lower (P 0.01) than that of the control group [(116.7 ± 35.8) mm2]. For pylorus ligation model, ascaridole showed a gastric ulcer healing effect in a dose-dependent manner. Ascaridole at the dose of 20 mg/kg showed 50% ulcer protection and had a significant (P 0.05) gastroprotective activity since it decreased the total acidity and pepsin activity. Compared to the control group, the two dosages of ascaridole showed the significant reduction (P 0.05) in the ulcer index on Aspirin-induced ulcer. Conclusion This study provides evidence that ascaridole shows potential efficacy on the healing of gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid, Aspirin, and pylorus ligation.     

复方血立停对实验性大鼠胃溃疡模型的研究

复方血立停在０．２１～０．８５６ｇ／ｋｇ剂量下，对慢性醋酸型和无水乙酸型大鼠胃溃疡形成的抑制率分别为３９～５９％和６１～８２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），并能促进慢性溃疡愈合；对幽门结扎型大鼠胃溃疡的发生率降低２０～７０％（ｐ＜０．０１），大剂量时胃酸分泌减少。结果表明复方血立停具有保护和治疗溃疡作用，其效应与甲氰咪胍相似。     

Assessment of the Antiulcer Potential of Moringa oleifera Root-Bark Extract in Rats

In the present study, an ethanolic root-bark extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) was examined for its antiulcer potential in albino Wistar rats using two experimental models: ethanol-induced and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulceration. The extract was orally administered at three different doses (150, 350, and 500 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. The antiulcer effects in rats treated with different doses of the extract and omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) were determined and compared statistically with the antiulcer effects in the control rats treated with saline (NaCl, 0.9%). The MO at doses of 350 and 500 mg/kg decreased the ulcer index significantly as compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The percentage protections against gastric ulcers were 82.58%, 85.13%, and 86.15% for MO doses of 150, 350, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, in the pylorus-ligated ulcer model and 55.75%, 59.33%, and 78.51%, respectively, in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. The MO significantly reduced the free acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index (p < 0.01) and increased the pH of gastric content compared with the control group. This study suggests that MO possesses valuable antiulcer, antisecretory, and cytoprotective activity. Thus, an ethanolic root-bark extract of Moringa oleifera can be used as source for an antiulcer drug.     

Anti-gastric ulcer effect of Kaempferia parviflora

Kaempferia parviflora is a Zingiberaceous plant, which has been reputed for its beneficial medicinal effects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the Kaempferia parviflora ethanolic extract (KPE) for its anti-gastric ulcer activity by experimental models. Oral administration of the KPE at 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric ulcer formation induced by indomethacin, HCl/EtOH and water immersion restraint-stress in rats. In pylorus-ligated rats, pretreatment with the KPE had no effect on gastric volume, pH and acidity output. In ethanol-induced ulcerated rats, gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved by the KPE pretreatment at doses of 60 and 120 but not at 30 mg/kg. The findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of Kaempferia parviflora possesses gastroprotective potential which is related partly to preservation of gastric mucus secretion and unrelated to the inhibition of gastric acid secretion.     

Antiulcer activity of Utleria salicifolia rhizome extract

The effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Utleria salicifolia (USE) was assessed in different acute and chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. USE, 50-200 mg/kg administered orally, twice daily for 5 days showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in pylorus ligation (14.48-51.03% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.01), aspirin (28.80-56.52% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.001), ethanol (13.22-60.74% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.001), cold-restraint stress (21.22-77.14% protection, P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), and acetic acid (20.0-84.37% protection, P < 0.5 to P < 0.001)-induced acute and chronic ulcers. USE also significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the ulcer incidence (50 and 10%) and severity (67.83 and 91.34% protection) of duodenal ulcer, induced by cysteamine. Besides USE offered protection (53.52 and 60.58%) against ethanol-induced depletion of gastric wall mucus. However, USE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in plasma corticosterone (25.53 and 39.52% protection, P < 0.1 and P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation (18.75 and 47.92% protection, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (15.80 and 26.61% protection, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) and increased in catalase (28.42 and 71.0% protection, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) activity, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the USE gave the positive test for steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins. The HPTLC studies in the toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid and the densitometric scanning at 254 nm gave three major spots with area corresponding to 28.16, 17.17, and 13.79% at 0.69, 0.78, and 0.88 R(f) values, respectively. The results indicate that USE possesses antiulcer activity.     

Antiulcerogenic activity of Zizyphus lotus (L.) extracts

Oral administration of aqueous extracts of Zizyphus lotus root barks (50-200 mg/kg) leaves (50-200 mg/kg) and fruits (200-400 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.01) and dose dependent inhibition to the acute ulcer induced by HCl/ethanol solution. The methanolic (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and chloroformic (CHCl(3)) leaves extracts when administered orally at the dose of 200 mg/kg, exhibited a significant (p<0.01) inhibition of gastric lesions by 45%, 76% and 33%, respectively. Indeed, methanolic and ethyl acetate root barks extracts significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 47% and 41%, respectively. While the chloroformic root barks extract had no significant activity (19%). The effect of all extracts was compared with cimetidine (100 mg/kg, 62%) and omeprazole (30 mg/kg, 93%). Volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice were studied in pylorus-ligated rats. Root barks (200 mg/kg, p<0.01), leaves (200 mg/kg, p<0.01) and fruits (400 mg/kg, p<0.05) aqueous extracts showed significant reduction of gastric juice secretion in pylorus ligated rats, whereas the other extracts did not show any significance. Thus, Zizyphus lotus extracts act essentially as cytoprotective agents, which support the antiulcer effect of this plant in the traditional medicine.     

Anti-ulcer activity of crude alcoholic extract of Toona ciliata Roemer (heart wood)

The ethanol extract of Toona ciliata Roemer (heart wood) was evaluated for its anti-ulcer activity against aspirin plus pylorous ligation induced gastric ulcer (antisecretory), HCl-ethanol induced ulcer (cytoprotective) and water immersion stress induced ulcer in rats. We found that Toona ciliata extract at a dose of 300mg/kg p.o. markedly decrease the incidence of ulcers in all the three models. Ethanol extract of Toona ciliata showed significant reduction in gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. The plant extract also showed gastro protective activity (52.94%), whereas standard drug sucralfate showed 94.85%. Toona ciliata extract showed protection index 43.0% in water immersion stress induced ulcer, whereas standard drug omeprazole showed protection index 100%.     

吴茱萸水提物对乙醇造成的大鼠胃损伤的保护作用

目的：研究吴茱萸水提物对乙醇造成的大鼠急性胃损伤的保护作用及其可能的机制。方法：大鼠经腹腔注射424.8,141.6,47.6 mg·kg^-1 3种不同剂量的吴茱萸水提物后,用ex-vivo chamber法测定50%乙醇造成胃损伤前后的胃电压（PD）变化；另外,经在体胃内插管收集灌流液后,采用硝酸还原酶法测定灌流液中一氧化氮的代谢产物（NO_x）的含量,并通过形态测量法测定胃损伤程度。结果：与对照组比较,不同剂量的吴茱萸水提物对促进PD的恢复和降低损伤指数均有显著作用（P<0.05）,并呈现出剂量依赖性。吴茱萸水提物能剂量依赖性地升高胃损伤前后灌流液中NO_x的水平；尤其当剂量为424.8 mg·kg^-1时,与对照组比较,灌流液NO_x的含量显著增加（P<0.01）。结论：吴茱萸水提物对50%乙醇造成的大鼠急性损伤具有较好的保护作用；其机制与增强胃黏膜屏障功能,促进胃黏膜内源性NO合成有关。     

Antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,anti-ulcer and antioxidant activities of Carlina acanthifolia root essential oil

The root of Carlina acanthifolia All. (Asteraceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various disorders including stomach and skin diseases. We studied antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antioxidant activities of Carlina acanthifolia root essential oil, in order to validate some of the ethnopharmacological claims. Antimicrobial activity was tested on 15 bacteria and three strains of fungi using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. In assessing anti-inflammatory activity the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test was used, while ethanol-induced stress gastric ulcer test in rats was used in testing anti-ulcer activity. Antioxidant properties were evaluated trough the effect of the essential oil on lipid peroxidation (TBA assay) and its capability of quenching 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and OH radicals. The oil expressed significant antimicrobial activity, being the most active against Gram (+) bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and against Candida albicans. In all applied concentrations, Carlina acanthifolia root essential oil reduced carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema in dose-dependent manner, achieving high degree of anti-inflammatory activity. The effect was comparable with that of indomethacin used as a reference drug. In the ethanol-induced stress gastric ulcer test in rats, it was shown that the tested essential oil produced significant dose-dependent gastroprotective activity. The results also pointed out substantial and dose-dependent antioxidant activity of the investigated essential oil, with carlina oxide as the main antioxidant component.     

Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ziziphus jujuba L.against HCl/Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the gastroprotective effects of standardized aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba(Z. jujuba) stem bark against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcers as well as anti helicobacter pylori activity of the plant extract in rats.METHODS: Five groups of rats were orally pre-treated with normal saline(0.9%) as ulcer group, 150 mg/kg of ranitidine as positive control group, 100, 200 and 400 mg of standardized extract solution as the experimental groups. Two hours later, acidified ethanol solution was given by gavages in order to induce of gastric ulcer. The antibacterial effect of extract against clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) was evaluated through disc diffusion test.RESULTS: The ulcer group exhibited significantly severe mucosal injury as compared with ranitidine or extract group which shows significant protective action against gastric mucosal injury. The extract showed no effect on H. pylori.CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that Z.jujuba stem bark extract had a potential antiulcer activity which might be due to its protective activity, providing a direct, protective effect on the gastric mucosa. Our study showed that anti-H. pylori activity was not among gastroprotective mechanism of Z. jujuba. Further pre-clinical and clinical investigations for evaluating natural active agents and efficacy of this plant are recommended.     

丹参饮对胃溃疡大鼠部分粘膜防御因子的影响

目的观察丹参饮对乙酸性胃溃疡大鼠部分粘膜防御因子的影响,探讨其抗溃疡的可能作用机制.方法用乙酸涂抹法建立SD大鼠胃溃疡模型,分别给予生理盐水、雷尼替丁、丹参饮治疗14 d后,检测溃疡指数、血清NO、血浆PGE2和溃疡底部肉芽组织内微血管的数量.结果丹参饮组和雷尼替丁组的溃疡指数均明显小于模型组(P＜0.01);模型组NO、PGE2含量比正常组均有所减少,而微血管数有所增加;与模型组比较,丹参饮组血清NO和血浆PGE2含量明显提高,溃疡底部微血管数量亦有显著增加,7 g/kg丹参饮的疗效优于雷尼替丁(P＜0.05).结论提高血清NO、血浆PGE2的含量、促进溃疡底部血管生成可能是丹参饮抗胃溃疡的作用机制之一.     

Antiulcerogenic activity of ethanol extract of Solanum variabile (false "jurubeba")

The ethanol extract (EE) of the aerial parts of Solanum variabile Mart. (Solanaceae) was investigated for its ability to prevent ulceration of the gastric and duodenal mucosa at different doses. Its ability to heal chronic ulcer processes was also evaluated. When the HCl/ethanol solution was used to induce gastric ulcer, the EE produced a significant dose-dependent reduction of lesion formation of 51, 74 and 89%, at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The 100 mg/kg dose had no significant activity. The EE also significantly reduced the gastric lesions induced by the combination of indomethacin and bethanechol (60 and 72%) at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and also reduced stress-induced gastric ulcer (41%) but only at the doses of 1000 mg/g (P < 0.05). The pylorus-ligature experiment demonstrated that the highest EE dose affected significantly the gastric juice parameters by increasing pH values from 4.08 (negative control) to 5.42 and decreasing acid output from 7.16 (negative control) to 4.26 mEq.mL, 4h. A decrease of gastric contents from 370 mg (negative control) to 240 mg was also observed. The results obtained in the chronic gastric ulcer model indicated that a single oral dose of Solanum variabile (1000 mg/kg) administered for 14 consecutive days accelerated the ulcer healing by 46% compared to a 55% effect of cimetidine. Also, at the dose of 1000 mg/kg, the EE inhibited the onset of duodenal lesions by 64%. The data suggest that the EE of Solanum variabile has a significant preventive, curative and duodenal anti-ulcer effect.     

Studies on the anti-ulcer activity of a Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract in experimental animals

A methanolic fraction from an extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves was found to possess significant anti-ulcer activity in nine different experimental animals models. Premedication tests in rats revealed that the extract possessed significant protective action against the gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin, serotonin, reserpine, stress and ethanol. Significant protection with extract treatment was observed to occur for aspirin-induced ulcer in pylorus-ligated rats and for histamine-induced duodenal lesions in guinea pigs. Significant enhancement of the healing process was also found to occur in acetic acid-induced chronic gastric lesions in rats.     

枸杞多糖抗溃疡活性部位筛选研究

目的:筛选枸杞多糖抗溃疡的活性部位.方法:采用DEAE-纤维素柱层析法将枸杞多糖分成了4个部分(LBP-1,LBP-2,LBP-3,LBP-4),将昆明种小鼠60只按体重性别均衡随机分为6组:模型组,阳性对照组,LBP-1组,LBP-2组,LBP-3组,LBP-4组,采用无水乙醇(10 mL·kg-1)或消炎痛(20 mg·kg-1)溃疡模型对枸杞多糖抗溃疡有效部位进行筛选,给药剂量为阳性对照组100 mg·kg-1,枸杞多糖组250 mg·kg -1,连续给药7d,每日2次.结果:LBP-2和LBP-4能够显著抑制无水乙醇造成的小鼠胃溃疡(P＜0.05),抑制率分别为77.7％,80.1％,LBP-2也能够显著抑制消炎痛造成的小鼠胃溃疡(P＜0.05),抑制率为64.7％.结论:LBP-2和LBP-4为枸杞多糖抗溃疡的活性部位,LBP-2的活性最强.