试析军队离退休干部中医养生教育实践

我国现已步入老龄化社会,很多老年职工日渐退出一线工作区,离退休干部数量与日俱增,形成了庞大的社会群体,对我国经济和社会以及文化等方面的发展产生了诸多影响。离退休职工队伍中,军队离退休干部占有很大份额,其健康问题不断受到各方重视。本文从实际角度出发,对军队离退休干部中医养生教育实践方案进行详细分析和阐述,旨在强化离退休干部的身心素质,使其拥有强健体魄。     

分析军队离退休干部的健康管理

随着社会经济的发展，人口老龄化的问题越来越严重，老年工作作为构建和谐社会的重要内容之一已受到特别的重视，尤其是军队离退休干部健康管理问题，军队离退休干部在国家建设中做出了自己的贡献，关注这些离退休干部的健康问题，做好对他们的服务管理工作，既是国家政策有关规定，又是我国共产党的优良传统。为此探讨健康促进的开展对于军队离退休干部的重要意义，并相应的提出在军队离退休干部当中建立健康促进模式的构想，以提高军队离退休干部的生活质量，延长寿命。     

健康促进与军队离退休干部健康老龄化

郓人离退休干部的健康状况受到各级部门的高度重视。但随着社会的发展,老年疾病潜已发生根本性变化,已往在军队离退休干部中开展健康促进的重要意义,提出建立军队离退休干部健康促进模式的构想,以期达到提高生活质量,延长健康预期寿命的目标。     

军队离退休干部疗养员营养知识、态度及行为调查分析

目的了解军队离退休干部疗养员的营养知识、态度及行为状况,探索其在疗养期间进行营养教育和营养指导的有效途径和方法。方法采用随机抽样方法,选取军队离退休干部疗养员822例进行问卷调查。结果营养知识、态度和行为三者之间有相关性,饮食营养知识越高,则态度和行为越好,良好的态度和正确饮食行为呈正相关。结论军队离退休干部疗养员尚需进一步掌握饮食健康基本知识和正确的态度和行为,系统、全面的营养教育应作为老年人健康教育重要的组成部分。     

某地区军队离退休干部就医环境及健康状况调查

近年由于军队医院的精简和调整,使某些地区沿革多年的部队医疗体系保障格局发生了很大的变化,尤其是军队干休所离退休干部的就医问题更为突出。本文通过对某地区军队干休所就医环境的变化及离退休干部的健康状况调查分析,探讨在新形势下军队医院更好为军队离退休干部服务。     

离退休干部日常生活能力评价及影响因素分析

目的探讨我省军队离退休干部的日常生活能力状况及其影响因素.方法采用问卷访问和体格检查相结合的方法对我省军队离退休干部767人进行流行病学调查分析.结果日常生活能力与心理卫生、生活满意度有显著相关性.影响离退休老年人日常生活能力的主要因素是婚姻家庭、膳食营养、娱乐活动、睡眠质量、躯体疾病等.结论加强老年人躯体疾病的防治,重视心理卫生和健康教育,以不断提高军队离退休干部的生活质量.     

军队医学院校离退休干部健康教育与心理服务

军队医学院校离退休干部对健康教育的需求与其他老龄人群不同。本文根据此类人群职业结构、健康状况和心理特征,进行健康风险评估,探讨开展健康教育和心理服务的方法与措施。     

离退休干部日常生活能力评价及影响因素分析

目的 探讨我省军队离退休干部的日常生活能力状况及其影响因素。方法 采用问卷访问和体格检查相结合的方法对我省军队离退休干部767人进行流行病学调查分析。结果 日常生活能力与心理卫生、生活满意度有显著相关性。影响离退休老年人日常生活能力的主要因素是婚姻家庭、膳食营养、娱乐活动、睡眠质量、躯体疾病等。结论 加强老年人躯体疾病的防治，重视心理卫生和健康教育，以不断提高军队离退休干部的生活质量。     

北方地区军队离退休干部健康状况分析

为了解沿海地区军队离退休干部健康及生活质量状况,我们于2001年7月对辖区军队离退休干部慢性病现状及其影响因素进行了调查分析.     

离退休老干部主观幸福感、自尊和社会支持关系研究

目的探讨自尊及社会支持等因素对军队离退休老干部主观幸福感的影响。方法采用问卷方式调查203例居住于城市的军队离退休老干部,影响因素涵盖年龄、性别、受教育程度、家庭结构、收入情况、家庭氛围、自评健康状况、领悟社会支持及自尊等。数据采用SPSS 14.0和AMOS 6.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果自尊和社会支持直接影响军队离退休老干部的主观幸福感,社会支持还通过自尊产生间接影响;家庭气氛、婚姻状况、自评健康状况、受教育程度分别通过社会支持和自尊对主观幸福感产生间接影响;自尊及社会支持可用来预测军队离退休干部的主观幸福感（标准化回归系数分别为-0.651和0.119）,可解释总变异的48.6%。结论自尊及社会支持对军队离退休老干部的主观幸福感产生直接影响,可作为评价军队离退休老干部主观幸福感的预测指标。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.