Clinical importance and surgical decision-making regarding proximal resection margin for gastric cancer

Because of the intramural spread of gastric cancer,a sufficient length of a resection margin has to be attained to ensure complete excision of the tumor.There has been debate on an adequate length of proximal resection margin(PRM) and its related issues.Thus,the objective of this article is to review several studies on PRM and to summarize the current evidence on the subject.Although there is some discrepancy in the recommended values for PRM between authors,a PRM of more than 2-3 cm for early gastric cancer and 5-6 cm for advanced gastric cancer is thought to be acceptable.Once the margin is confirmed to be clear,however,the length of PRM measured in postoperative pathologic examination does not affect the patient’s survival,even when it is shorter than the recommended values.Hence,the recommendations for PRM length should be applied only to intraoperative decision-making to prevent positive margins on the final pathology.Given that a negative resection margin is the ultimate goal of determining an adequate PRM,development and improvement of reliable methods to confirm a negative resection margin intraoperatively would minimize the extent of surgery and offer a better quality of life to more patients.In the same context,special attention has to be paid to patients who have advanced stage or diffuse-type gastric cancer,because they are more likely to have a positive margin.Therefore,a wider excision with intraoperative frozen section(IFS) examination of the resection margin is necessary.Despite all the attempts to avoid positive margins,there is still a certain rate of positive-margin cases.Since the negative impact of a positive margin on prognosis is mostly obvious in low N stage patients,aggressive further management,such as extensive re-operation,is required for these patients.In conclusion,every possible preoperative and intraoperative evaluation should be thoroughly carried out to identify in advance the patients with a high risk of having positive margins;these patients need careful management with a wider excision or an IFS examination to confirm a negative margin during surgery.     

A systematic analysis highlighting deficiencies in reported outcomes for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer undergoing palliative resection of the primary tumour

Background

Management of the primary tumour in the presence of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is controversial. The role of primary tumour resection (PTR) has been investigated by a number of retrospective cohort studies, with a number on going randomised controlled trials. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and patient-reported outcomes currently reported in studies that evaluate the role of PTR in mCRC.

Surgical resection deteriorates gemcitabine-induced leukopenia in pancreatic cancer

Background Gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEM) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer; however, factors affecting GEM-induced leukopenia have not been clarified yet. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between patients backgrounds and GEM-induced leukopenia.Methods Thirty-eight patients with pancreatic cancer were analyzed for correlation between the dose of GEM and the blood leukocyte number. Moreover, we compared leukopenia in resected and non-resected patients.Results The incidence of grade 3 or 4 leukopenia was 25% in the non-resected patients, whereas equivalent leukopenia was observed in 57% of the resected patients (P = 0.048 by the ² test). The relative decrease in blood leukocytes induced by GEM administration was more severe in resected patients (41.3 ± 9.9%), as compared to non-resected patients (52.6 ± 16.0%; P = 0.023 by t-test).Conclusion In the present study, we found that the administration of GEM to patients after surgical resection caused more severe leukopenia, as compared to findings in non-resected patients. These data suggested that more frequent monitoring of the leukocyte count and prolonged intervals between GEM administrations are necessary for resected patients with pancreatic cancer.     

Quantification of risk of a positive (R1) resection margin following hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: an aid to clinical decision-making

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Margin involvement following liver resection for colorectal cancer is associated with early disease recurrence and shorter long-term survival. This study aimed to develop a predictive index for quantifying the likelihood of a positive resection margin (R1) for patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS: Clinical, pathological and complete follow-up data were prospectively collected from 1005 consecutive liver resections performed in 929 patients for colorectal liver metastases with curative intent at a single centre between 1987 and 2005. Ninety-four resections in 81 patients with extra-hepatic disease were excluded, leaving 911 resections (844 primary and 67 repeat) in 848 patients for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of margin involvement and from the beta-coefficients generated, develop a predictive model that was validated using measures of discrimination and calibration. RESULTS: There were 80 (8.8%) R1 resections, with a 5-year cancer-specific survival for R0 and R1 hepatic resections of 39.7% and 17.8%, respectively; p<0.001. On multivariate analysis, five risk factors were found to be independent predictors of an R1 resection: non-anatomical resection vs. anatomical resection (odds ratio (OR)=4.3, p=0.001), >3 hepatic metastases involving >50% of the liver vs. <3 metastases (OR=4.0, p<0.001); bilobar vs. unilobar disease (OR=2.9, p<0.001); repeat vs. primary hepatic resection (OR=3.1, p=0.006); abnormal vs. normal pre-operative liver function tests (OR=1.6, p=0.044). These five factors were used to develop a predictive model, which when tested, fitted the data well, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 78.1% (S.E.=2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study describes an accurate model for quantifying the risk of a positive margin following hepatic resection for liver metastases. It may be used pre-operatively by multi-disciplinary teams to identify patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy prior to liver surgery, thus minimizing the risk of a positive resection margin.     

Routine portal vein resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma shows no benefit in overall survival

Background

Extended pancreatic resections including resections of the portal (PV) may nowadays be performed safely. Limitations in distinguishing tumor involvement from inflammatory adhesions however lead to portal vein resections (PVR) without evidence of tumor infiltration in the final histopathological examination. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of these “false negative” resections on operative outcome and long-term survival.

Systemic inflammatory response predicts outcome in patients undergoing resection for ductal adenocarcinoma head of pancreas

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the clinicopathological status, the pre- and postoperative systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Patients (n = 65) who underwent resection of ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of pancreas between 1993 and 2001, and had pre- and postoperative measurements of C-reactive protein, were included in the study. The majority of patients had stage III disease (International Union Against Cancer Criteria, IUCC), positive circumferential margin involvement (R1), tumour size greater than 25 mm with perineural and lymph node invasion and died within the follow-up period. On multivariate analysis, tumour size (hazard ratio (HR) 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-3.68, P = 0.009), vascular invasion (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.48-4.50, P < 0.001) and postoperative C-reactive protein (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.14-3.52, P = 0.015) retained independent significance. Those patients with a postoperative C-reactive protein < or = 10 mg l(-1) had a median survival of 21.5 months compared with 8.4 months in those patients with a C-reactive protein >10 mg l(-1) (P < 0.001). The results of the present study indicate that, in patients who have undergone potentially curative resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of pancreas, the presence of a systemic inflammatory response predicts poor outcome.     

The impact of primary tumour location in patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis

Background

Primary tumour location has long been debated as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing liver resection. This retrospective study was conducted to clarify the prognostic value of tumour location after radical hepatectomy for CRLM and its underlying causes.

Imaging-guided curative surgical resection of pancreatic cancer in a xenograft mouse model

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in North America. The poor survival statistics are due to the fact that there are no reliable tests for early diagnosis and no effective therapies once metastasis has occurred. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer; however, only less than 15% of the patients are eligible for surgery at diagnosis. New therapies are urgently needed for this malignant disease. And combinational therapy including surgery, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy may further improve the efficacy of individual therapies. However, a reliable mouse model which mimics the human disease and can be used for testing the surgical treatment and surgery-based combinational therapy is not available. In this study, we have established a mouse model for curative surgical resection of pancreatic cancer. Human pancreatic cancer cells were used to create orthotopic xenografts in nude mice, distal pancreatectomy was performed using imaging-guided technology to remove the pancreatic tumors, and sham surgery was performed in the control group. All mice survived the operation and no complication was observed. Surgical resection at early stage improved the survival rate and quality of life of the mice compared with the sham surgery and surgical resection at the late stage. If combined with other therapies such as chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, it could further improve the outcome of pancreatic cancer. This mouse model is a useful tool to study the surgical therapy and the tumor recurrence of pancreatic cancer, and could potentially impact the therapeutic choices for this deadly disease.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

Survival benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for positive or close resection margin after curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThis study was conducted to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for positive or close resection margin (RM) after curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsFrom 2004 to 2015, total of 472 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent curative resection. After excluding patients with RM > 2 mm or unknown, remaining 217 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-six (21.2%) patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone (CTx; mainly gemcitabine-based), 142 (65.4%) with adjuvant CRT (mainly upfront), and 29 (13.4%) patients didn’t receive any adjuvant therapy (noTx group).ResultsLocoregional recurrence rate was significantly lower in the CRT group (43.7%) than in the CTx group (71.7%) or noTx group (65.5%) (p = 0.001). Significant survival benefits of CRT over CTx (HR 0.602, p = 0.020 for overall survival (OS); HR 0.599, p = 0.016 for time to any recurrence (TTR)) were demonstrated in multivariate analysis. CRT group had more 5-year survivors than other groups. In the subgroup analysis, such benefits of adjuvant CRT over CTx was observed only in patients with head tumor & vascular RM > 0.5 mm, but not in patients with body/tail tumor or vascular RM ≤ 0.5 mm. In the CRT group, radiation dose≥54 Gy was significantly associated with better TTR and OS.ConclusionsAdjuvant CRT could improve TTR and OS compared to adjuvant CTx alone in patients with close RM under 2 mm. Radiation dose escalation may be beneficial when feasible. Modern CRT regimen–based randomized evidence is needed for these high-risk patients.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

The role of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in the management of patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer: A single center experience

Background

In spite of the advances in modern surgery, the outcome for patients suffering from pancreatic adenocarcinoma or periampullary adenocarcinoma is still bad. Recently, introperative radiotherapy (IORT) was introduced into the multimodality management approach to improve both tumor control and patient’ survival.

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.     

胰头癌切除术患者预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除术患者预后的相关因素,以期提高胰腺癌患者的生存率.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2002年12月间住院的134例接受根治性切除(RO)手术的胰头癌患者,采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,分析影响胰头癌切除术后患者预后的相关因素.结果 134例胰头癌患者中,47例(35.1%)行胰头十二指肠切除术,58例(43.3%)行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,29例(21.6%)行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术.有109例(81.3%)患者在观察期内出现复发,其中72例为腹膜后合并远处转移.134例患者术后平均生存期为24.7个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为67.1%、38.5%和17.6%.单因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、CA19-9水平、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况和血管受侵状况为影响预后的相关因素;多因素分析显示,腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵是患者预后不佳的相关因素.结论 胰头癌术后患者的预后与腰背部疼痛、肿瘤直径>2 cm、淋巴结受侵及血管受侵有关,这对胰腺癌手术预后判定和合理的外科治疗具有一定的临床指导意义.