A study of thyroglobulin concentration in the thyroid and serum of patients with different thyroid disorders

Knowledge concerning the structure and quality of thyroglobulin (Tg) has great significance for the better understanding of the pathogenesis of different thyroid diseases. The localization of the Tg gene and studies of its structure by molecular biological techniques make possible precise investigations of its expression. The aim of our study was to evaluate Tg content in the thyroids and Tg concentrations in the serum of 108 patients suffering from benign or malignant thyroid disorders. The method of investigation was isolating total protein from thyroid tissues obtained during surgery and determining Tg content in the thyroid extracts and Tg concentrations in serum. The Tg concentrations in serum and in thyroid protein extracts were evaluated by fluoroimmunometric assay. Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the computing programmes.     

The impact of dyslipidemia on early markers of endothelial and renal dysfunction in children

BackgroundDyslipidemia has been associated with endothelial dysfunction in childhood. Impairment of renal function has been demonstrated in dyslipidemic adults.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess markers of early endothelial and renal dysfunction in dyslipidemic children.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 100 children with dyslipidemia and 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects without dyslipidemia aged 7–16 years. Renal dysfunction was assessed by measurement of serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels, urinary albumin to creatinine (Alb:Cr) ratio, and by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on serum creatinine or cystatin C. Endothelial dysfunction and early vascular changes were evaluated by ultrasound assessment of flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), respectively.ResultsThe markers of early renal dysfunction showed no difference between the dyslipidemic children and control subjects except for the urinary Alb:Cr ratio that was higher in the dyslipidemic children (median, 0.007 mg/mg vs 0.005 mg/mg, p = 0.004). The urinary Alb:Cr ratio was positively correlated with the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (r = 0.28, p = 0.013). FMD values were lower in the dyslipidemic children than in the control subjects (8.504 ± 4.73% vs 10.535 ± 4.35%, p = 0.004), but cIMT did not differ between groups. This decrease in FMD values was evident in children aged ≥10 years. FMD was independently associated with the level of lipoprotein (a) (beta = ?0.29, p = 0.01).ConclusionAmong markers of endothelial and renal dysfunction investigated, FMD was found to be lower and the urinary Alb:Cr ratio higher in children with dyslipidemia.     

不同甲状腺功能绝经前女性血清饥饿素与全身骨量、肌肉量、体重的相关分析

目的:探讨不同甲状腺功能的绝经前女性血清饥饿素(ghrelin)水平与其身体成份骨量(BMC)、脂肪量(FM)、肌肉量(LM)的相互关系。方法:采用放射免疫分析法检测71例不同甲状腺功能的绝经前女性其中包括甲状腺机能亢进(甲亢)组33例、甲状腺机能减低(甲减)组18例、正常对照组20例的血清饥饿素水平,同时采用化学发光快速检测法检测其血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、灵敏促甲状腺激素(sTSH);并采用双能X线吸收法(DXA)测定其全身身体成份(骨量、脂肪量、肌肉量),同时记录体重(BW)。结果:(1)甲亢组血清饥饿素水平明显低于正常对照组(P0.01)和甲减组(P0.01),甲减组血清饥饿素水平与正常对照组之间无显著差别(P0.05)。血清饥饿素与其FT3(r=-0.318,P0.01)、FT4(r=-0.350,P0.01)呈负相关,与sTSH(r=0.281,P0.05)呈正相关。(2)血清饥饿素与全身骨量(r=0.284,P0.05)、肌肉量(r=0.259,P0.05)、体重(r=0.279,P0.05)存在正相关;与脂肪量不存在相关(P0.05)。结论:不同甲状腺功能的绝经前女性血清饥饿素可能影响其全身骨量、肌肉量、体重。     

Biphasic dyslipidemia in a patient with painless thyroiditis

In this case study, we followed the thyroid function and serum lipid levels of a patient with painless thyroiditis. Serum lipid levels were decreased during the hyperthyroid phase and elevated during the hypothyroid phase. Both serum lipid levels and thyroid function returned to normative values following a course of thyroid replacement treatment.     

Imprinting of maternal thyroid hormones in the offspring

Thyroid hormones (THs) during pregnancy contribute significantly to cellular differentiation and development in several tissues of the offspring, principally the central nervous system (CNS). TH deficiencies, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, are highly frequent during pregnancy worldwide and known to be detrimental for the development of the fetus. The function of CNS in the offspring gestated under TH deficiency will be irreversible impaired, causing low intellectual quotient, attention deficit, and mental retardation. On the other hand, little is known about the effects of TH deficiency in the offspring immune system, being the prevalent notion that the effects are reversible and only for a while will affect the number of B and T cells. Recent studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism can altered the function of immune system in the offspring, rendering the female offspring more susceptible to suffer autoimmune-inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to be more resistant to a bacterial infection. In this article we discuss these recent findings, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential implications for human health.     

Genetic testing in dyslipidemia: A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association

The genetic basis for more than 2 dozen monogenic dyslipidemias has largely been defined. Genetic technologies, such as DNA sequencing, can detect both rare and common DNA variants underlying dyslipidemias, and these methods are increasingly available. Although patients with extreme abnormalities in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be considered for genetic testing, it is only in a minority of patients that the results will alter treatment or outcomes. Currently, there is potential clinical utility of genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia, familial chylomicronemia syndrome, sitosterolemia, lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, and a few other rare disorders, and this will increase the demand for reliable genetic diagnostic methods at lower cost. Clinical indications for genetic testing for most dyslipidemias are not clearly established and currently no guidelines exist. A shared decision-making model between the patient and the provider is essential as patient values and preferences play a very strong role. Potential benefits of genetic testing include providing a firm diagnosis in many cases, guiding optimal management and prevention strategies, advancing care strategies beyond currently available treatments, and contributing to overall scientific progress. Understanding the limitations and risks of genetic testing techniques is also important, as is careful interpretation of genetic test results to achieve the greatest benefit. Here we review laboratory methods, as well as technical, biological, clinical, and ethical implications and applications of genetic testing in dyslipidemias.     

高脂血症患者HDL亚类组成与脂蛋白酯酶基因内含子8 HindⅢ多态性的关系

目的：探讨高脂血症患者脂蛋白酯酶基因内含子8 HindⅢ酶切位点多态性与HDL亚类组成的变化关系。 方法： 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和双向电泳-免疫印迹检测法，分析152例高脂血症患者和128例血脂正常者的脂蛋白酯酶基因内含子8 HindⅢ多态性、HDL亚类组成及相对百分含量。 结果： 高脂血症组和对照组均以H+H+基因型为主，但高脂血症组H+H+基因型频率显著高于对照组，而H+H-和H-H-基因型频率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。高脂血症组H+等位基因频率显著高于对照组，而H-等位基因频率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。高脂血症组和正常对照组H+H+基因型者血清TG明显高于H-H-者；高脂血症组H+H+基因型者apoB100、TG/HDL-C比值明显高于H-H-者（P<0.05）。高脂血症患者H+H+基因型小颗粒的preβ1-HDL、HDL3b相对含量多于H-H-者，大颗粒的HDL2a、HDL2b相对含量少于H-H-者；正常对照组H+H+基因型HDL3c多于H-H-者，而HDL2a少于H-H-者，其差异均显著（P<0.05）。 结论： 中国人高脂血症患者脂蛋白酯酶基因HindⅢ酶切位点多态性与HDL亚类的组成相关。     

妊娠期单纯TPO抗体阳性对妊娠结局的影响

目的研究单纯TPO抗体阳性、甲状腺功能正常的孕妇随着妊娠进展出现甲状腺功能减退的比例,并评估TPO抗体对妊娠结局的影响。方法 2011年9月∽2013年1月对筛查出的839例单纯TPO抗体阳性、甲状腺功能正常且既往无糖尿病史的单胎孕妇在孕24∽28w和/或32∽36w随访甲状腺功能。随机选择1685例同期分娩的TPO抗体阴性、既往无甲状腺疾病史和糖尿病史、甲状腺功能正常且TSH〈3mIU/L的单胎孕妇作为对照组。分析TPO抗体阳性对妊娠结局如妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早剥、前置胎盘、胎盘植入、臀位、低出生体重儿、早产儿、巨大儿的影响。结果单纯TPO抗体阳性、初次筛查甲状腺功能正常孕妇约4.5%随着妊娠进展出现亚临床甲减,无1例出现甲减。校正孕妇年龄及孕次后Logistic回归法分析发现单纯TPO抗体阳性并不增加妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早剥、前置胎盘、臀位、低出生体重儿、早产、巨大儿的危险性,而胎盘植入的危险性是正常对照组的3倍（OR值3.02）。结论妊娠期常规筛查TPO抗体价值有限,并不改善母儿预后。     

丝瓜降血脂及抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的： 观察丝瓜（LC）多酚的抗氧化作用及丝瓜对实验性高脂血症小鼠的影响。方法: 利用丙酮提取丝瓜多酚类物质，用福林法测定其含量并观察丝瓜多酚粗提液抑制羟自由基生成的能力。用高脂饲料喂养昆明小鼠建立高脂血症模型，以血脂康作为阳性对照观察饲料中补充丝瓜冻干品喂养对小鼠血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）的影响。结果: （1）新鲜丝瓜多酚含量为0.3 g/kg±0.1 g/kg。（2）新鲜丝瓜多酚粗提液具有较强的抑制羟自由基生成的能力。(3)与高脂模型组比较，低剂量丝瓜组、高剂量丝瓜组小鼠体重增加趋势明显减轻。(4)低剂量丝瓜组TC（4.19±0.37）mmol/L和LDL-C（2.77±0.79）mmol/L、高剂量丝瓜组TC（3.56±0.55）mmol/L和LDL（2.34±0.41）mmol/L、血脂康阳性对照组TC（4.59±0.96）mmol/L和LDL-C（3.25±0.67）mmol/L均低于高脂模型组TC(7.20±0.87)mmol/L和LDL-C(4.92±0.52)mmol/L（P＜0.01），其中高剂量丝瓜组TC、LDL-C下降最为明显。(5)低剂量丝瓜组和高剂量丝瓜组小鼠血清SOD分别为（337.00±29.73） U/mL和(349.00±9.99)U/mL，均高于高脂模型组和空白对照组，其中高剂量丝瓜组SOD活性明显高于高脂模型组（P＜0.01）。结论: 丝瓜多酚具有较强的抗氧化作用，丝瓜能明显降低高脂血症小鼠的体重、肝指数及血脂水平。     

Primary and secondary microcirculatory disorders in essential hypertension

Summary In this prospective cross-sectional study blood fluidity and peripheral microcirculation were measured in patients suffering from essential hypertension with and without macroangiopathy. The cutaneous microcirculation was evaluated by intravital microscopy and the intramuscular by pO₂ needle electrode. Disorders in the microcirculation without macroangiopathy in the system of the feeding arteries are defined as primary microangiopathy. Disturbed microcirculation with macroangiopathy in the feeding arteries in one area but no detectable microcirculatory disorder in another region is defined as a secondary microcirculatory disorder. Of the 57 patients in this study 27 had a primary microcirculatory disorder. It was remarkable that all 27 hypertension patients had a microcirculatory disorder in the area of the skin. Intramuscular microcirculatory disorder on its own without affection of the skin was not detected in any case. An exclusively secondary microcirculatory disorder occurred in 16 patients. This study shows that 93% of the patients with long-term essential arterial hypertension have microcirculatory disorders. It is most interesting that about one-half of these hypertension patients had a primary microcirculatory disorder, i.e., no indication of a hemodynamically active stenosis was found in the large vessels.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. N. Zöllner on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

佛山地区妊娠中、晚期妇女甲状腺疾病特点的研究

目的探讨佛山地区妊娠中、晚期妇女甲状腺疾病的特点。方法选择佛山地区妊娠中期（孕16～24周）孕妇222例为中孕组,妊娠晚期（孕37～41^＋6周）孕妇113例为晚孕组,另选择同期在本院进行健康体检的非妊娠育龄妇女为非孕妇组,共204例,应用电化学发光免疫检测技术检测血中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）及促甲状腺激素（TSH）的值。按如下标准确定诊断：TSH〈0．34mlU／ml,FT3和／或FT4升高者,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）;TSH〈0．34mlU／ml,m和b-T4正常者诊断为亚临床甲亢;TSH〉4．8mlU／ml,FT3和／或FT4降低者诊断为甲状腺功能减退（甲减）,TSH〉4．8mlU／ml,FT3和FT4正常者诊断为亚临床甲减。结果①比较甲状腺疾病患病率,中孕组与非孕妇组比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义,晚孕组分别与中孕组及非孕妇组比较,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义,晚孕组的甲状腺疾病患病率明显高于中孕组及非孕妇组。②比较甲状腺疾病的类型,各组的甲状腺疾病类型不同。组内甲亢（含亚临床甲亢）与甲减（含亚临床甲减）的患病率比较,在非孕妇组中,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;中孕组中,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义,甲亢患病率明显高于甲减;晚孕组中,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义,甲亢患病率明显高于甲减。③组间比较甲亢与甲减患病率,中孕组与晚孕组比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;中孕组与非孕妇组比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;晚孕组与非孕妇组比较甲亢患病率,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义,晚孕组甲亢的患病率明显高于非孕妇组,比较甲减患病率,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。结论沿海城市孕中晚期妇女甲状腺疾病的类型以甲亢为主,建议通过孕中期开始定期检测甲状腺功能,及时发?