腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊近端锚定区的处理

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术（EVAR）中特殊近端锚定区的处理方法。方法1997年7月至2005年7月对41例特殊类型腹主动脉瘤（瘤颈过短、严重成角、严重钙化、附壁血栓、形态不规则等）的腔内修复术中，根据情况分别采用近端裸支架跨肾动脉技术、覆盖部分肾动脉并肾动脉支架成形技术、针对成角选择合理产品、近端裸支架内支撑技术、近端延长支架型血管内支撑技术、“凹口”状支架型血管保留肾动脉技术来处理特殊近端锚定区的病变。结果41例EVAR中原发性近端Ⅰ型内漏发生率17．1％（7／41），随诊发现原发性内漏4例自愈，3例转化为持续性内漏，另发现4例继发性内漏。术后30d近端Ⅰ型内漏发生率17.1％（7／41）。无中转开腹手术及术中瘤体破裂、肾梗死等情况发生。结论对特殊近端锚定区的病例，通过相关技术处理可以使之适合腔内治疗。     

解剖条件复杂的肾下型腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内修复术治疗复杂解剖条件肾下型腹主动脉瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 对2003年1月至2011年3月接受经股动脉植入分体式覆膜支架治疗解剖条件复杂的48例腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性37例,女性11例;年龄50～81岁,平均71.4岁.其中近端短瘤颈(＜15 mm) 14例,近端瘤颈成角大(＞60°)13例,复杂髂动脉解剖者21例,其中髂动脉严重扭曲者15例,髂动脉狭窄(直径＜7 mm)者6例.结果 所有病例治疗均获成功,术中无中转开腹手术者,围手术期生存率100％.40例患者获得随访,随访时间4-122个月,平均63个月,死亡2例,均为心脑血管意外,其余生存良好,累积生存率95.8％.Ⅰ型内漏2例,其中1例2周后消失,1例长期存在,随访过程中未发现新发内漏、支架移位或堵塞、瘤体扩大或瘤体破裂等并发症;2例封堵一侧大部分肾动脉的患者恢复良好,术后未出现肾功能不全.结论 腔内修复术治疗复杂解剖条件肾下型腹主动脉瘤安全、有效.随着经验的不断积累,腔内修复术在治疗解剖条件复杂的肾下型腹主动脉瘤中将发挥更重要的作用.     

高危复杂腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术临床分析

目的 评估应用多种腔内技术治疗高危复杂腹主动脉瘤的可行性.方法 2001年1月至2010年12月,共138例腹主动脉瘤患者接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR),其中9例患者为高危复杂性腹主动脉瘤.男性8例,女性1例,年龄26～87岁,平均67岁.其中2例近肾腹主动脉假性动脉瘤,5例近肾腹主动脉瘤,1例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤及左侧髂内动脉瘤,1例EVAR术后右髂内动脉瘤.所采用的腔内技术包括:主动脉支架开窗技术和扇形技术2例,烟囱技术5例,球囊辅助下髂内动脉瘤腔内治疗1例和球囊辅助反转支架技术1例.结果 所有腔内技术均获得成功.术中支架释放后即刻发现内漏4例,其中1例患者为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型内漏,经大动脉球囊扩张后内漏消失;2例Ⅰ型内漏,其中1例行弹簧栓栓塞成功,另1例行近端裸支架成功.1例Ⅱ型内漏,经随访瘤腔直径未增大,未处理.随访4～79个月,平均25.9个月.无动脉瘤破裂,动脉瘤瘤体直径均有不同程度的缩小.随访过程中7例患者的靶血管(肾动脉、肠系膜上动脉和髂内动脉)均保持通畅.1例髂内动脉重建支架术后18个月血栓形成,但无盆腔缺血等症状.结论 对于不能耐受手术的高危复杂腹主动脉瘤患者,选择合适的腔内技术可以增加EVAR术的成功率,近、中期效果满意.     

腹主动脉瘤合并左髂总动脉纤细行腔内修复1例北大核心CSCD

血管腔内动脉瘤修复术(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)已广泛应用于腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)的治疗,微创,安全,即使高危患者也可实施。然而,高达40%的患者因为瘤颈解剖、内脏动脉或血管通路问题不适合行标准EVAR手术[1,2]。2020年我们采用自制髂内动脉分支支架重建髂内动脉1例[3]。2021年7月,我院对1例腹主动脉瘤合并左髂总动脉纤细患者采用术中自制带左髂总动脉分支支架的覆膜支架行腔内治疗,报道如下。     

“烟囱”技术在Ⅲ型夹层动脉瘤和腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中的应用

目的 总结“烟囱”技术在主动脉瘤腔内修复术中的应用体会和一期效果.方法 在30例主动脉瘤腔内修复术中使用“烟囱”技术增加近端覆膜支架锚定区,其中25例DebakeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤使用“烟囱”支架保留左锁骨下动脉(23例)或左颈总动脉(3例),肾下腹主动脉瘤使用“烟囱”支架保留肾动脉(5例).结果 所有病例均顺利完成操作,放置“烟囱”支架的分支动脉术中造影均通畅.其中2例夹层动脉瘤(8％)和1例腹主动脉瘤残留(20％)少量Ⅰ型内漏,1例夹层动脉瘤左锁骨下动脉“烟囱”病例术后5d猝死,考虑为远侧破口所致夹层动脉瘤破裂.其余22例夹层动脉瘤和4例肾下腹主动脉瘤均无内漏.随访28例(90.3％),随访1～19个月,平均(6±5)个月.随访期超声或CTA示“烟囱”血管血流均通畅.1例腹主动脉瘤仍有内漏,2例夹层内漏病例随访中(尚未行CTA),其他病例瘤腔血栓形成.结论 “烟囱”技术能够有效的延长覆膜支架在主动脉瘤腔内修复术中的近端锚定区并保持重要分支动脉通畅.     

近肾腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗技术进展

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术目前已成为大部分肾下型腹主动脉瘤患者的首选治疗,但对于近端瘤颈较短的近肾腹主动脉瘤,需要涉及内脏分支重建,常规的腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术疗效并不满意。近年来,烟囱支架技术、开窗支架技术、分支支架技术、八爪鱼技术等创新性技术的使用为近肾腹主动脉瘤患者的腔内治疗提供了多种解决方案,本文回顾并总结当前腔内治疗技术的进展,以期对目前各种技术的应用难点加以分析思考。     

腹主动脉瘤形态对腔内治疗的影响

目的:确定适于腔内治疗的腹主动脉瘤各项几何参数的大致分布;分析各项几何参数的相关关系,寻找其临床意义;总结腹主动脉瘤人工血管内支架移植术经验,检验其手术适应证。方法:选择128例腹主动脉瘤人工血管内支架移植术,通过螺旋CT和DSA检查获得腹主动脉瘤各项几何参数,对各项几何参数的相关性进行统计学研究。总结病例选择标准并分析其疗效。结果:瘤体直径与近端瘤颈直径正相关,相关系数r=0.559,P<0.01;与瘤腔直径正相关,相关系数r=0.773,P<0.01。近端瘤颈长度<10mm的23例手术成功,未出现移位、近端I型内漏或肾动脉闭塞等并发症。结论:①瘤体直径越大,则近端瘤颈直径越大。瘤体直径较大提示瘤腔直径较大,以及由肠系膜下动脉反流引起的Ⅱ型内漏的发病率较低。②近端瘤颈长度<10mm而瘤颈情况良好病者可考虑腔内手术。     

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应用跨肾动脉支架人工血管腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉瘤,并探讨其手术适应证,操作要点及并发症的预防。方法对２例病人采用全麻,在动态数字减影血管造影监测下用跨肾动脉支架分叉型人工血管对腹主动脉瘤进行了腔内修复术,结果手术中ＤＳＡ提示动脉瘤消失,无内漏发生。术后１周及分别随访３和９个月,螺旋ＣＴ检查提示腔内人工血管无移位扭曲,血流通畅无内漏发生,结论腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术手术创伤小,病人恢复快,跨肾动支架人工     

瘤颈捆扎治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后持续内漏的疗效分析

目的总结瘤颈捆扎治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后持续内漏的疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年4月北京大学人民医院10例行瘤颈捆扎手术患者的临床及随访资料。结果手术指征为术后持续Ⅰ型内漏6例、Ⅱ型内漏3例、存在内张力1例, 均合并动脉瘤增大或破裂。全麻下经腹入路套带控制肾下近端瘤颈后使用捆扎带进行加固。10例患者均获得手术成功, 无内漏残留, 无支架移植物闭塞。围手术期并发症包括1例伤口愈合延迟和1例不完全性肠梗阻, 无围手术期死亡。中位随访时间13个月, 未发现内漏复发。1例患者术后6个月因胸降主动脉瘤接受胸主动脉瘤腔内修复术;无其他主动脉相关二次手术或主动脉相关死亡。结论瘤颈捆扎治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后持续内漏相对微创, 可以有效消除内漏。     

严格掌握腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗的适应证

随着1991年阿根廷Parodi医生首先采用腹主动脉覆膜支架治疗腹主动脉瘤以来,腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)已经在世界范围内广泛开展,随着腔内治疗材料(腹主动脉覆膜支架)的不断改进,越来越多复杂、困难的EVAR术病例不断涌现,腹主动脉瘤适应证也在不断的扩大.     

Dislodgement of a renal stent causing renal infarct during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with chimney graft for juxtarenal aortic aneurysm: A rare complication

Chimney grafts (CG) have been used in the repair of juxtarenal aortic aneurysm (JAA) as a pure endovascular approach, which involve the concurrent deployment of an aortic endograft with covered stents in the renal arteries. In the present study, we report a rare but significant complication of chimney grafting in a case of JAA with iliac artery ectasia. During the placement of CG, one of the covered stents was dislodged in a distal branch of the right renal artery, resulting in segmental infarct of the right kidney.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后各型内漏相关性分析（附272例报告）

目的: 探讨腹主动脉瘤（abdominal aortic aneurysm, AAA）腔内修复术后发生内漏的危险因素。方法: 回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年10月272例AAA病人行腔内修复术的临床资料和术后3、6、12、24、36个月随访结果。分析腔内修复术后各型内漏发生率及其与临床特征、支架类型、动脉瘤颈结构的关系。结果: 272例病人腔内修复术后内漏总发生率为15.8%(43/272),其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ或Ⅳ型以及张力性内漏（Ⅴ型）的发生率分别为7.4%(20/272)、6.3%(17/272)、1.5%(4/272)和0.7%(2/272)。Ⅰ型内漏多在随访3个月时发现,而其他类型内漏在随访12个月或更晚发现。动脉瘤近端瘤颈短（<1.5 cm）、重度扭曲（>45°）、形状不规则或钙化程度高（>25%）与Ⅰa型内漏发生显著相关（P<0.05）。持续通畅的肠系膜下动脉以及存在≥2根罪犯血管是Ⅱ型内漏发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。年龄、美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA）病情分级、吸烟以及合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肺部疾病等对内漏发生率无影响。不同类型的人工血管支架对内漏发生有显著影响（P=0.047）。与其他类型支架相比,Endurant支架的内漏发生率最低（10.7%）。结论: 制定腔内修复手术方案时,应充分评估AAA的特征和内漏风险,以期达到较好的疗效。     

The use of a low-profile stent graft with a polymer ring sealing technology combined with bare renal stent (vent technique) in patients with juxtarenal aneurysm not eligible for open surgery and fenestrated endograft

ObjectiveIn cases of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (jAAA), endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) involves the use of custom-made fenestrated stent grafts, which usually need large-diameter access vessels, superior costs, and a certain time between graft planning and delivery. We report our preliminary experience using the bare renal stent technique (called vent) in combination with the ultralow-profile stent graft Ovation (Endologix, Irvine, Calif) to seal jAAAs in patients evaluated to be unfit for open surgery and not suitable for fenestrated endograft.MethodsA single-center retrospective review of jAAAs treated by Ovation vent technique from January 2015 to December 2018 was conduced. The vent procedure consisted of a modified, off-label deployment of the sealing ring of the ultralow-profile Ovation stent graft close to renal orifices in combination with short bare-metal stents. The exclusion criterion was a diameter >31 mm at the level of the lowest renal artery. Early technical and clinical results, estimated midterm survival, renal artery patency, freedom from type IA endoleak, freedom from reintervention, and freedom from neck enlargement (>2 mm) were reported.ResultsOverall, 38 patients had jAAA and were considered unfit for open repair and not eligible for fenestrated EVAR. The proximal neck was <5 mm in all cases (mean, 3.3 ± 1.2 mm). Vent renal stents were implanted bilaterally in 16 patients. Primary technical success was 94.7% (36/38), with satisfactory cannulation of all renal arteries and sealing of the aneurysm in all but two cases because of type IA endoleaks that were treated immediately with success. Primary clinical success at 1 month was 100%. During a median follow-up period of 22.4 ± 3.6 months (range, 1-46 months), no abdominal aortic aneurysm-related deaths occurred, and no patient was lost to follow-up. The survival curve at 1 year and 2 years was, respectively, 96.4% and 91.6% (standard error, 0.57%). There were no cases of neck dilation or endograft migration. Freedom from reintervention at 12 months and 24 months was 100% and 89.5%, respectively (standard error, 0.7%); freedom from type IA endoleak was 100% and patency of the renal artery was 100% at 2 years.ConclusionsThe described technique includes the use of a low-profile stent graft with a polymer ring sealing technology combined with bare renal stents that are not competing for the same room. This early experience shows that the vent technique is safe and feasible and increases the range of treatment of those patients with jAAA who are unfit for open repair and for fenestrated EVAR because of several anatomic constraints.     

Endovascular repair of late abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture owing to mixed-type endoleak following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

We report the successful endovascular repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a multimorbid patient 8 months after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). A 74-year-old man with a history of EVAR 8 months earlier presented with hypotension, severe back pain, and tenderness on abdominal palpation. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan showed a large retroperitoneal hematoma and confirmed the diagnosis of secondary abdominal aortic rupture. Because the patient had severe comorbidities, the endovascular method was chosen for further management. Two stent grafts were placed appropriately to eliminate a type 1a and a type 3 endoleak owing to modular separation of the left iliac graft limb from the main body stent graft. An additional self-expanding stent was deployed in the solitary right renal artery to open its origin, which was partially overlapped by the proximal cuff. The patient was discharged on the tenth postoperative day and is alive and well 1 year postoperatively. This case indicates that endovascular repair is feasible not only in cases of primarily ruptured AAAs but also in secondarily ruptured AAAs after failure of EVAR.     

矫正性裸支架理念在治疗复杂主动脉疾病中的应用

目的探讨矫正性裸支架理念在复杂主动脉病变中应用价值。方法回顾分析接受腔内修复术联合矫正性裸支架治疗的13例复杂主动脉夹层及2例肾下腹主动脉瘤患者的资料。结果 13例主动脉夹层患者中,植入Valiant支架11例,Grikin支架2例;2例腹主动脉瘤患者均植入Zenith支架。对15例患者共植入矫正性裸支架19枚;主动脉夹层裸支架17枚,长度60~80mm,直径18~24mm;腹主动脉瘤裸支架2枚,长度均为60mm,直径分别为24mm和7mm。所有患者术后无严重并发症。15例中,14例完成随访,1例失访,随访期间无支架源性夹层或内漏发生及假性动脉瘤、髂支血栓形成。结论矫正性裸支架理念有助于拓宽主动脉病变腔内治疗的适应证,且安全、微创、近期疗效满意。     

腔内修复术后腹主动脉瘤破裂对策

腔内修复（EVAR）术后腹主动脉瘤（AAA）破裂是严重的主动脉疾病，危及生命。随着EVAR手术的推广和病人预期生命延长，发现其术后远期发生率显著高于预期。提高EVAR术后长期随访率，同时重视动脉粥样硬化和系统性炎性疾病对EVAR手术远期预后的意义，有助于早期发现AAA破裂风险，降低发生率。该疾病须根据病人病情制定个体化的手术治疗方案，但总体的围手术期病死率高。腔内手术是首选的手术治疗方法，以“Cuff开窗技术”、“裙套技术”为代表的腔内手术能够快速、有效地隔绝内漏；开放手术是治疗复杂病变的重要手段，以“球囊阻断技术联合主动脉缩缝术”为代表的开放手术，能够迅速稳定血流动力学状态，彻底纠正主动脉破裂的病变，有较高的救治成功率。     

Experience with endovascular grafts in the treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms associated with proximal aortic dissection

BACKGROUND: Chronic abdominal and thoracic aortic dissections often present with concomitant infrarenal aortic dilatation. We conducted a retrospective review of 6 patients treated with endovascular stent grafts for coexisting aortic dissection and infrarenal aneurysm. METHODS: Six patients with suprarenal aortic dissections and infrarenal aortic aneurysms (AAA) had their AAAs treated with endovascular grafts. Grafts were constructed of balloon expandable Palmaz stents and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The device was inserted transfemorally and deployed under fluoroscopy. RESULTS: Successfully primary AAA exclusion was achieved in 5 patients. One patient required a supplemental stent placed above the endograft and into the true lumen to seal the endoleak. No aneurysm has enlarged, and all remain thrombosed for 9 to 24 months (mean 20). One type III dissection enlarged 2 weeks after endograft insertion. One patient had uncomplicated cephalad fenestration of a dissection by the endograft. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular grafts may be used to treat coexisting AAA and aortic dissection. Attention to the site or sites of reentry of a dissection is essential to insure full aortic aneurysm exclusion. The fate of a chronic aortic dissection cephalad to an endovascularly treated AAA is unclear and will require longer follow-up.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂动脉瘤的处理策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤的腔内修复术(EVAR)方法。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月—2014年3月35例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤行EVAR术患者资料,其中9例合并单侧髂内动脉瘤,1例合并双侧髂内动脉瘤,14例合并单侧髂总动脉瘤(直径18 mm),11例合并双侧髂总动脉瘤,所用腔内技术包括栓塞髂内动脉瘤后覆盖,髂内动脉瘤单纯覆盖,"喇叭口"支架,以及"三明治"技术重建一侧髂内动脉等。结果:所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间(125±40)min,出血量(173±65)m L。术中发现内漏8例(22.9%),其中I型内漏4例(近端2例,远端2例)均经球囊扩张后内漏消失,III型内漏1例,经扩张及部分加弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,II型内漏2例及IV型内漏1例,均未予处理。35例术后随访6~60个月,无动脉瘤破裂,2例术后6个月发现腹主动脉瘤体增大,造影确诊远端I型内漏,经弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,其余33例瘤体直径无增大。结论:对于合并髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,有效处理髂内动脉,然后根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的治疗方法可以达到理想的近期效果。