艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的心理护理

艾滋病(AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染所引起的一种疾病，其特点为患者细胞免疫功能，特别是T辅助细胞的免疫功能缺陷，引起一系列条件性感染或肿瘤，病死率极高。随着国际交流活动的频繁，AIDS传播迅速，其发病率逐年上升，成为全球性疾病。而马尔尼菲青霉病(PSM)是由马尔尼菲青霉菌(PM)引起的深部真菌     

马尔尼菲青霉病及其在骨髓和血片中的诊断与鉴别诊断

马尔尼菲青霉病(Penicilliosis marneffei)是由马尔尼菲青霉(Penicillium marnrneffei)感染所致的地方性深部真菌病.多见于机体免疫功能低下患者.临床表现主要为畏寒、发热、咳嗽、消瘦、贫血、皮疹、肝、脾、淋巴结肿大、局部溶骨性病变等,病死率极高.     

马尔尼菲青霉致病机制相关研究进展

马尔尼菲青霉是一种条件致病性、双相型真菌，主要通过感染免疫功能低下者引起马尔尼菲青霉病。致病机制与其真菌学特征、流行病学特征、外分泌性酶、宿主免疫状况、双相性转变过程中的基因、蛋白表达差异有关。     

误诊为肺结核的马尔尼菲青霉病2例并文献复习

目的 报道2例较长时间误诊为肺结核的非HIV感染的马尔尼菲青霉病,结合文献复习,分析其临床表现.方法 收集2015年入住重庆医科大学附属第一医院的2例马尔尼菲青霉病患者的临床资料,并以马尔尼菲青霉病作为关键词,分别在Pubmed、中国知网检索马尔尼菲青霉病病例文献,对报道的临床资料进行总结分析.结果 病例1,男性,32岁,以发热、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血为主要表现,抗感染、抗结核治疗无效,支气管镜下见气管上段新生物,气管、支气管黏膜表面白色坏死物附着,气管黏膜组织、支气管镜抽吸液培养确诊为马尔尼菲青霉病.病例2,女性,28岁,以反复高热、咳嗽、咳痰为主要表现,胸部CT提示左上肺团块影伴左上肺不张,院外长时间抗结核治疗无效,并出现全身多处脓肿和溶骨性破坏,后经头顶部包块穿刺液培养确诊为马尔尼菲青霉病.对1980-2014年的文献进行回顾,中国知网共报道马尔尼菲青霉病1 826例,Pubmed共报道471例,78.3％ ～91.7％病例合并HIV感染,90％以上伴有发热,约50％患者伴有咳嗽、贫血、皮肤损害,近60％出现肺部浸润性阴影,40％左右的患者伴有肝脾、淋巴结肿大.结论 马尔尼菲青霉病常发生于HIV感染的患者,但免疫功能正常者亦可发生,临床表现各异,容易被误诊为结核病.临床中对于经常规抗感染、抗结核治疗效果欠佳的免疫功能正常者需高度警惕,早期诊断和治疗是提高预后的关键.     

艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的临床分析

[目的]探讨艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的临床及实验室特征。[方法]回顾分析2002年11月至2005年12月本院收治明确诊断为艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的53例临床及实验室资料。[结果]艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病以发热、消瘦、咳嗽、皮疹、贫血等为主要临床特点,皮损主要表现为坏死性丘疹、脐凹状丘疹、溃疡、结节、血痂;外周血CD4^＋细胞显著减少;在沙氏琼脂培养基中马尔尼菲青霉呈酵母相（37℃）或菌丝相（25℃）;药敏结果显示伊曲康唑、酮康唑对马尔尼菲青霉的MIC值最低,两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶次之,氟康唑最高;病理组织六胺银染色见圆形、椭圆形或腊肠样病原体,部分有横隔。[结论]艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病临床表现复杂,主要发生于CD4^＋计数少于50细胞∕μL的患者,真菌培养鉴定结合组织病理检查是确诊的关键,治疗上建议使用伊曲康唑、两性霉素B。     

艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的临床分析

 [目的]探讨艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的临床及实验室特征。[方法]回顾分析2002年11月至2005年12月本院收治明确诊断为艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的53例临床及实验室资料。[结果]艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病以发热、消瘦、咳嗽、皮疹、贫血等为主要临床特点,皮损主要表现为坏死性丘疹、脐凹状丘疹、溃疡、结节、血痂;外周血CD4^＋细胞显著减少;在沙氏琼脂培养基中马尔尼菲青霉呈酵母相（37℃）或菌丝相（25℃）;药敏结果显示伊曲康唑、酮康唑对马尔尼菲青霉的MIC值最低,两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶次之,氟康唑最高;病理组织六胺银染色见圆形、椭圆形或腊肠样病原体,部分有横隔。[结论]艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病临床表现复杂,主要发生于CD4^＋计数少于50细胞∕μL的患者,真菌培养鉴定结合组织病理检查是确诊的关键,治疗上建议使用伊曲康唑、两性霉素B。     

艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉菌感染在骨髓中的形态特点

目的 提高马尔尼菲青霉菌深部感染的早期诊断.方法 分析骨髓涂片中马尔尼菲青霉菌的菌体形态特点,并与组织胞浆菌的菌体形态对比.结果 骨髓中马尔尼菲青霉菌大小不一,有腊肠形细胞,单个或两个以上的核,组织胞浆菌大小较一致,单个核.结论 骨髓中菌体的形态检查对马尔尼菲青霉病的早期诊断起重要作用.     

马尔尼菲青霉病的血清学诊断

本文通过对3例马尔尼菲青霉患者及其他各类病例2370例的血清免疫扩散试验,证明马尔尼菲青霉具有免疫原性.人感染马尔尼菲青霉后能产生特异性抗体,病变明显者抗体效价高,病变消退后抗体效价下降,不出现病变者血清中不出现抗体.抵抗力太差的全身性广泛播散病例无抗体产生,其预后不良.非马尔尼菲青霉病患者,其中包括隐球菌、孢子丝菌和着色霉菌等深部真菌感染病例,其血清与马尔尼菲青霉抗原无交叉反应.应用免疫扩散试验对马尔尼菲青霉病有诊断和估计预后的价值.     

马尔尼菲青霉病

马尔尼菲青霉病（penicilliosis mameffei）是由马尔尼菲青霉菌引起的感染性疾病，马尔尼菲青霉菌属于青霉属，是惟一的温度依赖双相型青霉菌，在37℃下能够生长。马尔尼菲青霉菌在1956年从越南中华竹鼠的肝脏中首次发现，1959年正式命名。临床病例于1973年在美国被首次发现，东南亚和我国南部存在马尔尼菲青霉病的流行区域。     

小白鼠肝马尔尼菲青霉菌肉芽肿的细胞构成

利用电镜，免疫组化及特殊染色Ｇｒｏｃｏｔｔ方法分析播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌感染小白鼠肝的病理改变，结果表明，小白鼠肝马尔尼菲青霉菌感染主要形成肉芽肿性病变，肉芽肿主要由枯否细胞组成，说明正常免疫状态的ＢＡＬＢＣ鼠的枯否细胞在形成马尔尼菲青霉菌感染引起民的肉芽肿中起主要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.