微孔异种无细胞真皮复合移植用于烧伤创面烧伤创面F功能评估(英)

目的:观察微孔异种无细胞真皮(acellularxeno-drmalmatrix,ADM)与自体皮片复合移植的临床效果。方法:将打孔的无细胞真皮与自体的大张刃厚皮、网状皮、邮票皮微粒皮等复合移植,用于深度烧伤创面的修复,观察自体皮片存活率及创面愈合的色素沉着、弹性与柔韧性等,并与单纯自体皮片移植部位进行比较。结果:微孔无细胞真皮与自体刃厚皮、网状皮及邮票皮移植,存活率达100%,而与微粒皮移植存活率较低。与单纯自体皮片移植相比,复合移植后3个月,色素沉着浅,富有弹性与柔韧性,明显改善创面愈合质量。结论:微孔无细胞真皮具有完整的基底膜结构,胶原排列规则有序,可重建高质量真皮层,提高柔韧性、耐磨与耐压性。     

微孔异种无细胞真皮复合移植用于烧伤创面烧伤创面F功能评估

目的：观察微孔异种无细胞真皮(acellular xeno-drmal matrix，ADM)与自体皮片复合移植的临床效果。方法：将打孔的无细胞真皮与自体的大张刃厚皮、网状皮、邮票皮微粒皮等复合移植，用于深度烧伤刨面的修复，观察自体皮片存活率及刨面愈合的色素沉着、弹性与柔韧性等，并与单纯自体皮片移植部位进行比较。结果：微孔无细胞真皮与自体刃厚皮、网状皮及邮票皮移植，存活率达100％，而与微粒皮移植存活率较低。与单纯自体皮片移植相比，复合移植后3个月，色素沉着浅，富有弹性与柔韧性，明显改善创面愈合质量。结论：微孔无细胞真皮具有完整的基底膜结构，胶原排列规则有序，可重建高质量真皮层，提高柔韧性、耐磨与耐压性。     

组织工程同种异体脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮微粒皮移植

为观察组织工程同种异体脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮、微粒皮移植的临床应用效果,选择2005-04/2008-06海南省农垦三亚医院烧伤整形科严重烧伤和瘢痕患者8例12个创面,采用脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮片、脱细胞真皮复合自体微粒皮移植修复创面.12创面中,10个创面复合皮完全成活,1个创面出现散在点状坏死,经换药8 d愈合.1例植皮部分成活,经补充游离植皮后创面愈合.随访6～12个月,复合移植皮肤质地柔软,弹性良好,无瘢痕增生,类似全厚皮片.提示采用脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮、微粒皮移植修复严重烧伤创面,疗效满意,没有排斥反应,是理想的治疗方法.     

异种(猪)无细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复深度烧伤创面的实验研究

目的　观察异种 (猪 )无细胞真皮支架与自体微粒皮加同种异体皮复合移植修复全层皮肤缺损的效果。方法　 4 8只 SD大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损创面 ,分别行异种 (猪 )无细胞真皮支架与自体微粒皮移植(复合皮组 )和单纯微粒皮移植 (对照组 ) ,术后定期观察创面愈合情况并行创面愈合率和收缩率的计算 ,同时取创面组织进行组织学观察。结果　复合皮组的创面愈合情况良好 ,未见明显挛缩 ,皮肤弹性较好 ,两组异体皮成活情况及创面愈合情况相近 ,但是复合皮组创面收缩率显著低于对照组。组织学观察复合皮组上皮化良好 ,胶原纤维排列有序 ,基底膜结构完整。结论　异种 (猪 )无细胞真皮支架与自体微粒皮复合移植能修复全层皮肤缺损 ,改善创面愈合质量。     

异体表皮干细胞与猪脱细胞真皮构建复合皮移植6例

2005-01/2006-10在南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤科就诊的深度烧伤患者6例,均为四肢Ⅲ度烧伤创面.异种(猪)脱细胞真皮与异体表皮干细胞构建的复合皮由南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤中心提供.清创消毒后,6例患者均进行复合皮移植、自体刃厚皮移植,共移植复合皮12块,自体刃厚皮96块.复合皮移植是将复合皮剪成1.5 cm×1.5 cm,粗糙面向下、光滑面向上植于创面上;自体刃厚皮移植是将大片自体刃厚皮铺于矾土林纱布上,剪成1.5cm×1.5 cm,植于复合皮的四周.移植后3 d揭去创面外层纱布,见复合皮及自体刃厚皮与创面粘连好、湿润,呈淡红色:7 d复合皮及自体刃厚皮大部分成活,随后成活的皮片向四周扩展,至14 d大部分皮片接近融合,21 d时创面已基本愈合.移植的复合皮、自体刃厚皮成活数量比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).因复合皮扩展情况不如自体刃厚皮,所以复合皮移植后的创面愈合面积小于自体刃厚皮移植(P＜0.01).在临床观察中6例患者暂末发生不良事件和副反应.提示表皮干细胞和(猪)脱细胞真皮构建的人工复合皮移植到受区,可建立血液循环,并保持一定的活力,达到覆盖创面、防止感染、防止体液流失的目的.     

人工真皮移植修复儿童严重创伤创面

背景：近年来组织工程学取得巨大进展,皮肤组织工程尤为引人注目。人工真皮（PELNAC）相对应用较广泛,但报道以成人为主,缺乏修复儿童创面的报道。目的：探讨人工真皮作为儿童严重创伤创面真皮覆盖物的临床效果。方法：回顾性总结分析22例创面负压引流、人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片或薄中厚皮片移植覆盖儿童严重创伤创面（实验组）的治疗效果,并与19例创面负压引流、创面肉芽培养、自体刃厚皮片或薄中厚皮片移植于同等创面（对照组）的治疗效果进行对比。分析评价指标包括人工真皮的存活率、创面完全覆盖所需的手术次数、植皮后创面完全愈合时间、随访创面移植区域的色泽、质地、皮下丰满度、瘢痕增生情况以及关节功能影响等。结果与结论：人工真皮移植后10-14 d存活率达90%以上。实验组2例第二次刃厚皮片移植,对照组8例第二次刃厚皮片移植,实验组创面植皮存活率优于对照组（P〈0.05）。实验组植皮后创面完全愈合的平均时间为（13.86±3.09） d,对照组为（19.10±4.62） d,实验组平均植皮后创面完全愈合时间短于对照组（P〈0.05）。经超过10个月随访,实验组的植皮区色泽、弹性优于对照组;实验组创面移植区域较对照组真皮部分皮下丰满度良好、瘢痕增生明显较轻;实验组关节功能受到不同程度影响5例,对照组关节功能受到影响10例,两组差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。提示人工真皮抗感染力强、存活率高。将人工真皮应用于儿童严重创伤创面,与创面负压引流、培养肉芽及自体刃厚皮片或薄中厚皮片移植相比,能缩短创面植皮后愈合时间,提高愈合创面的质量,减少对关节功能的影响。     

不同方法制备猪脱细胞真皮基质及创面移植的实验研究

目的比较两种方法制备的猪脱细胞真皮基质分别与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复大鼠全层皮肤缺损的效果。方法使用DispaseⅡ／TritonX-100(中性蛋白酶／曲拉通)和高渗盐水／十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)两种方法去除猪表皮及真皮中的细胞成分，分别得到猪脱细胞真皮基质Ⅰ和Ⅱ。63只SD大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损分别使用猪脱细胞真皮基质Ⅰ 自体刃厚皮及猪脱细胞真皮基质Ⅱ 自体刃厚皮覆盖，术后观察移植物成活率和植皮区收缩率，同时取移植物进行组织学观察，并与单纯自体刃厚皮移植相比较。结果两种方法制备的猪脱细胞真皮基质分别与自体刃厚皮复合移植的移植物成活率和植皮区收缩率差异无显著性，组织学观察显示复合皮上皮化良好，胶原纤维排列有序，基底膜结构完整。两复合皮组术后第6周移植物成活率与自体刃厚皮组比较差异均无显著性，术后第4周开始两复合皮组移植物收缩率明显降低。结论两种方法制备的异种脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮复合移植都能很好地修复全层皮肤缺损，改善创面愈合质量。     

自制异种猪去细胞真皮修复切除瘢痕区创面的愈合质量

目的:观察自制异种猪去细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合皮移植在瘢痕切除后植皮区的成活率和瘢痕形成情况组织病理学结果,并于单纯行自体中厚皮移植进行比较。方法:选择2004-03/2005-04解放军总医院第三○四临床部烧伤整形科烧烫伤后瘢痕形成患者21例共29处。瘢痕增生伴痛痒症状明显者15例,瘢痕挛缩明显者6例;供皮区正常皮肤者15例,扁平状瘢痕皮肤者6例。其中取23处为实验组;取6例6个部位的另一侧肢体创面作为对照组,参与患者知情同意。①用健康白色家猪制得异种猪去细胞真皮基质。②移植部位:四肢、躯干。完整切除瘢痕,实验组根据创面大小剪裁自制真皮基质,移植最大面积为10cm×8cm,真皮面接触植皮区,自体刃厚皮覆盖其上。对照组切除瘢痕后单纯行自体中厚皮移植。两组切除瘢痕手术操作相同。于术后2周和2个月观察植皮成活率和瘢痕形成情况,13个月时取1例患者复合皮组织进行病理学观察。移植皮成活标准为移植皮片色泽红润平坦,与受皮区基底贴附牢固,创缘愈合好,皮片质地柔软,颜色与周围皮肤接近。结果:按意向处理分析,纳入患者21例,均进入结果分析。①术后两组植皮区大体观察:实验组术后2周,植皮成活率100%(23/23)。可见大部分自体刃厚皮红润,有些植皮区尚可看到自体刃厚皮下的网状真皮支架,刃厚皮与其下的真皮基质结合牢固。术后2个月复查,复合皮平整柔软,弹性较好,关节活动正常,但稍有色素沉着,与对照组的中厚皮覆盖的植皮区效果相似,但实验组供皮区瘢痕形成明显轻于对照组。②组织病理学观察:光镜下可见复合皮皮肤结构完整,但表皮较薄,表皮-真皮连接区较平坦,真皮内可见胶原纤维排列较规整,可见微血管结构及成纤维细胞,少许慢性炎性细胞浸润。结论:应用自制异种猪去细胞真皮支架与自体刃厚皮复合移植,可明显改善瘢痕切除后植皮的愈合质量,经济实用。     

同种异体脱细胞真皮加自体刃厚皮片修复手部烧伤

目的 探讨同种异体真皮加自体刃厚皮片移植的临床应用,丰富手部严重烧伤的治疗。方法 2001-2005年采用同种异体真皮加自体刃厚皮片移植修复55个手部严重烧伤创面。结果 55个创面中,52个创面植皮完全成活,无瘢痕增生,没有刺痛,搔痒症状。只有3个创面出现散在点状坏死,经过2～3次换药愈合,有较明显的瘢痕。伤愈6-24个月获随诊11例13个创面：皮肤色素沉着基本如常,创缘无瘢痕增生,质地柔软,弹性良好,无挛缩。与自体全厚植皮无明显差异。结论 采用同种脱细胞真皮＋自体刃厚皮片移植修复手部严重烧伤,手术方法简便,疗效满意,没有排斥反应．是手部烧伤治疗的重要补充。     

自制异种猪去细胞真皮修复切除瘢痕区创面的愈合质量

目的：观察自制异种猪去细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合皮移植在瘢痕切除后植皮区的成活率和瘢痕形成情况组织病理学结果，并于单纯行自体中厚皮移植进行比较。方法：选择2004-03／2005-04解放军总医院第三○四临床部烧伤整形科烧烫伤后瘢痕形成患者21例共29处。瘢痕增生伴痛痒症状明显者15例，瘢痕挛缩明显者6例；供皮区正常皮肤者15例，扁平状瘢痕皮肤者6例。其中取23处为实验组；取6例6个部位的另一侧肢体创面作为对照组，参与患者知情同意。①用健康白色家猪制得异种猪去细胞真皮基质。②移植部位：四肢、躯干。完整切除瘢痕，实验组根据创面大小剪裁自制真皮基质，移植最大面积为10cm&;#215;8cm，真皮面接触植皮区，自体刃厚皮覆盖其上。对照组切除瘢痕后单纯行自体中厚皮移植。两组切除瘢痕手术操作相同。于术后2周和2个月观察植皮成活率和瘢痕形成情况，13个月时取1例患者复合皮组织进行病理学观察。移植皮成活标准为移植皮片色泽红润平坦，与受皮区基底贴附牢固，创缘愈合好，皮片质地柔软，颜色与周围皮肤接近。结果：按意向处理分析，纳入患者21例，均进入结果分析。①术后两组植皮区大体观察：实验组术后2周，植皮成活率100％(23／23)。可见大部分自体刃厚皮红润，有些植皮区尚可看到自体刃厚皮下的网状真皮支架，刃厚皮与其下的真皮基质结合牢固。术后2个月复查，复合皮平整柔软，弹性较好，关节活动正常，但稍有色素沉着，与对照组的中厚皮覆盖的植皮区效果相似，但实验组供皮区瘢痕形成明显轻于对照组。②组织病理学观察：光镜下可见复合皮皮肤结构完整，但表皮较薄，表皮一真皮连接区较平坦，真皮内可见胶原纤维排列较规整，可见微血管结构及成纤维细胞，少许慢性炎性细胞浸润。结论：应用自制异种猪去细胞真皮支架与自体刃厚皮复合移植，可明显改善瘢痕切除后植皮的愈合质量，经济实用。     

Acellular porcine dermal matrix produced with different methods and an experimental study on its transplantation to skin wound.]

OBJECTIVE: To observed the effect of healing quality of composite skin grafting consisting of acellular porcine dermal matrix combined with autologous split-thickness skin graft. METHODS: Porcine skin was treated with dispase II/triton X-100 or hyperosmotic saline/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) respectively, and acellular porcine dermal matrix I (APDMI) and APDM II were obtained. Sixty-three Sprague-Dawley rats with full-thickness skin defects on the back were separately covered with APDMT + split-thickness autologous skin, or APDM II + split-thickness autologous skin. The quality of wound healing was observed, the rates of survival and contraction of the grafts were calculated, the tissue samples were harvested for histological examination, and compared with that of autologous split-thickness skin graft. RESULTS: The wound healing quality of composite skin I, and II was good. There was no significant difference in the rate of survival and contraction of the grafts between the two composite skin grafting groups. It was indicated by histological examination intact basal membrane. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between composite skin grafting groups and autologous split-thickness skin at the 6 th week after operation, but the contraction rates of the grafts in the composite skin groups were lower. CONCLUSION: Full-thickness skin defect can be healed by covering with acellular porcine dermal matrix produced by two methods combined with split-thickness autolograft, and it can help improve the quality of wound healing.     

异体脱细胞真皮联合自体皮复合移植在创面修复中的应用及远期疗效观察

目的寻找功能部位深度烧伤创面与瘢痕畸形修复的理想覆盖材料。方法将功能部位的深度烧伤、瘢痕切除后创面或溃疡创面行脱细胞异体真皮＋自体刃厚皮复合移植。结果30例患者复合皮全部成活,复合皮光滑柔软,局部弹性好,关节功能恢复良好。结论脱细胞异体真皮＋自体皮是功能部位创面修复的理想覆盖材料。     

Xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix as a dermal substitute in rats.

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been used as a dermal substitute for the treatment of deep burns, but the availability of cadaver skin for the production of ADM is limited. The usefulness of porcine ADM as a xenogeneic dermal substitute in rats was studied. With the use of Dispase II (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind) and Triton X-100 (US Biochemicals, Cleveland, Ohio), xenogeneic ADM was prepared from commercially available, cryopreserved porcine skin, and allogeneic ADM from the rats was also prepared. Four full-thickness injuries 225 mm2 in size were created on the dorsum of each rat. One of these wounds was treated with xenogeneic ADM and 1 was treated with allogeneic ADM, and immediately a 0.005-in thick split-thickness skin graft was placed over the ADM. The other 2 wounds were covered with 0.005- or 0.017-in thick split-thickness skin grafts alone. The wounds were evaluated macro- and microscopically 10, 14, 20, and 30 days after grafting. At 30 days after grafting, contraction of the wounds that contained xenogeneic ADM was significantly greater than that of the wounds that contained allogeneic ADM. Graft take was poor in the wounds that contained xenogeneic ADM at 14 days after surgery and moderately good in those that contained allogeneic ADM. The use of thick autografts resulted in the best wound healing, whereas the use of thin autografts resulted in considerable wound contraction. Allogeneic ADM diminished this contraction, but wound healing was significantly worsened when xenogeneic ADM was used.     

A dermal substrate made of collagen--GAG--chitosan for deep burn coverage: first clinical uses

In cases of severe burns, it seems necessary to excise burnt tissues as soon as possible and to cover the excised area immediately with a skin substitute, when few autografts are available. We report here the first clinical uses of a dermal substrate made of collagen--GAG--chitosan grafted immediately after early excision, then epidermalized either with autologous meshed autograft or with autologous cultured epidermis. The dermal substrate replaces the excised dermis by adhering to the underlying tissue, promoting fibrovascular ingrowth. Then after 15 days it can be epidermalized. The quality of the underlying dermis obtained permitted 100% take after epidermalization with large-meshed autograft, and tended to avoid the usual typical diamond aspect of the meshed skin. After epidermalization with autologous cultured autograft, the quality of the underlying dermis permits a good take. The best aspect is obtained by combining dermal substrate and autologous cultured epidermis. Even if it still does not replace the high quality of a homograft, this dermal substrate is a promising solution for replacement of dermis. It is always available, can be stored and is exempt from micro-organism transmission.     

无细胞异体真皮基质在烧伤后整形患者功能部位的应用

AIM:To investigate the effect of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix(ADM) on cograft in joint functional positions of patients with post burn plastic operation. METHODS:9 patients with hypertrophic scar and joint dysfunction after severe burns were used. After pre treating with trypsin and TritonX 100, 13 reticulated ADM were overlapped with autogenous ultrathin split thickness skin grafts(USTS), and were transplanted to the scar excision wounds in the joints of four limbs at the same time. The neighbouring autogenous thin split thickness skin grafts(TSTS) were used as control.RESULTS:The composite skin grafts as well as the controls were all survived. The rejection and hypertrophic scars were not found during (1- 5) years follow up studies. The appearance, fiber and function of composite skin grafts were near to normal skins. CONCLUSION:The ADM could be used to joint functional positions of patients with post burn hypertrophic scars and could produce satisfactory plastic results as dermal substitute.     

The application of acellular dermal matrix allograft in functional position of patients with post-barns plastic operation

AIM: To investigate the effect of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix(ADM) on cograft in joint functional positions of patients with post-burn plastic operation. METHODS: 9 patients vrith hypertrophic scar and joint dysfunction after severe burns were used After pre-treating with trypsin and TritonX-100, 13 reticulated ADM were overlapped with autogenous ultrathin split-thickness skin grafts (USTS), and were transplanted to the scar excision wounds in the joints of four limbs at the same time. The neighbouring autogenous thin split-thickness skin grafts(TSTS) were used as control RESULTS: The composite skin grafts as well as the controls were all survived The rejection and hypertrophic scars were not found during (1-5) years follow-up studies. The appearance, fiber and function of composite skin grafts were near to normal skins. CONCLUSION: The ADM could be used to joint functional positions of patients with post-burn hypertrophic scan and could produce satisfactory plastic results as dermal substitute.     

A preliminary report on transplantation of microskin autografts overlaid with sheet allograft in the treatment of large burns

The technique of transplantation of autologous microskin grafts (MG) with overlays of split-thickness skin allografts was used in the treatment of nine extensively burned patients. Preparation of MG includes: 1) mincing small pieces of split-thickness skin autografts into skin particles (SPs); 2) dispersing the SPs evenly on a piece of silk cloth; 3) transferring SPs to the dermal surface of an allograft sheet (20/1000 in.); 4) transplanting the allograft with SPs to the excised wound. The mean burn area (total/3 degrees, mean +/- SEM) of this group was 74.9 +/- 16.6/62.1 +/- 18.1% TBSA (range 40 to 94/28 to 90%). The mean age was 27 years (range 19 to 38). Early staged excisions followed immediately by MG applications were performed on 35 large body sites, including extremities, chests plus abdomens and backs. The mean area excised and grafted with MG was 41.7 +/- 11.0% TBSA (range 26 to 62%). The average time for complete healing was about six to seven weeks postgrafting. Eight patients survived; one died of overwhelming pulmonary infection 22 days postburn. Advantages of this technique are: 1) the great potential of MG to provide a large expansion ratio of 8:1 to 15:1, average greater than 10:1 in this series; 2) good maintenance of the healed graft to withstand trauma except in areas of repeated flexion; 3) ease of preparation and application with less cost compared to cultured epidermal sheet grafts; 4) prevention of infection in extremely large burns by providing continuous epidermal coverage following sheet allograft application.     

复合皮移植修复创面的临床观察

目的 观察移植以小肠黏膜下层（SIS）为真皮替代物体外构建的复合皮修复创面的效果。方法制取家猪空肠黏膜下层为真皮替代物,致密层表面种植自体表皮细胞,构建人工复合皮,移植复合皮修复37例皮肤肉芽组织创面;观察复合皮早期成活率,并分别于移植后第1周、第2周取复合皮标本作组织学观察。结果表皮细胞在SIS表面定位、生长,24例移植的复合皮早期成活良好,SIS内新生血管形成,炎性细胞浸润,无移植排斥反应。结论以SIS为真皮替代物构建的复合皮,有可能成为一种新型的创面修复材料。     

Fibrin biomatrix‐conjugated platelet‐derived growth factor AB accelerates wound healing in severe thermal injury

Controlled delivery of growth factors from biodegradable biomatrices could accelerate and improve impaired wound healing. The study aim was to determine whether platelet‐derived growth factor AB (PDGF.AB) with a transglutaminase (TG) crosslinking substrate site released from a fibrin biomatrix improves wound healing in severe thermal injury. The binding and release kinetics of TG‐PDGF.AB were determined in vitro. Third‐degree contact burns (dorsum of Yorkshire pigs) underwent epifascial necrosectomy 24 h post‐burn. Wound sites were covered with autologous meshed (3:1) split‐thickness skin autografts and either secured with staples or attached with sprayed fibrin sealant (FS; n = 8/group). TG‐PDGF.AB binds to the fibrin biomatrix using the TG activity of factor XIIIa, and is subsequently released through enzymatic cleavage. Three doses of TG‐PDGF.AB in FS (100 ng, 1 µg and 11 µg/ml FS) were tested. TG‐PDGF.AB was bound to the fibrin biomatrix as evidenced by western blot analysis and subsequently released by enzymatic cleavage. A significantly accelerated and improved wound healing was achieved using sprayed FS containing TG‐PDGF.AB compared to staples alone. Low concentrations (100 ng–1 µg TG‐PDGF.AB/ml final FS clot) demonstrated to be sufficient to attain a nearly complete closure of mesh interstices 14 days after grafting. TG‐PDGF.AB incorporated in FS via a specific binding technology was shown to be effective in grafted third‐degree burn wounds. The adhesive properties of the fibrin matrix in conjunction with the prolonged growth factor stimulus enabled by this binding technology could be favourable in many pathological situations associated with wound‐healing disturbances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.