髌骨软骨退变分级对保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

 目的 探讨髌骨软骨退变Outerbridge分级对保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术疗效的影响。方法 对2007年2月至2010年1月因膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术的151例进行回顾性分析。男65例,女86例;年龄56～82岁,平均(65±5.0)岁。随访时间2～5年,平均3.5年。术中对髌骨软骨退变分级的评定采用Outerbridge标准,统计末次随访时不同髌骨软骨退变分级患者的满意度及膝前痛发生情况,视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)>3分判定为有膝前痛;比较不同髌骨软骨退变分级患者的美国膝关节学会评分(Knee Society Scale,KSS)及髌骨评分。结果 OuterbridgeⅠ级18例、Ⅱ级36例、Ⅲ级62例、Ⅳ级35例。膝前痛发生率4.0%(6/151),其中轻度疼痛4例、中度2例。无翻修病例,总体满意率96.7%(146/151)。不同髌骨软骨退变分级患者的满意度(H=5.54,P=0.14)、膝前痛发生率(H=0.56, P=0.91)、KSS膝评分(F=1.95, P=0.12)、功能评分(F=2.11,P=0.10)及髌骨评分(F=1.35, P=0.26)的差异均无统计学意义。结论 不同髌骨软骨退变分级患者行保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术后疗效无差异,对退变性骨关节炎患者行全膝关节置换术时无须置换髌骨。     

髌骨钻孔减压改善全膝关节置换术后膝前疼痛

目的探讨通过髌骨钻孔减压术改善全膝关节置换术(TKA)后膝前痛的临床疗效。方法将符合标准的113例行TKA的骨关节炎患者按数字法随机分为两组:54例为减压组,TKA术中联合髌骨钻孔减压术;59例为非减压组,仅施行TKA不联合髌骨钻孔减压术。术后观察两组患者切口愈合情况、相关并发症、KSS评分及膝前痛发生率。结果两组患者切口均一期愈合,无严重并发症发生,113例均获满12个月的完整随访。KSS评分:减压组术后明显高于非减压组;术后膝前痛的发生率明显低于非减压组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TKA术中联合髌骨减压术可以在一定程度上改善膝关节KSS评分及降低术后膝前疼痛的发生率。     

固定平台型与活动平台型膝关节假体人工全膝关节置换术后膝前痛的比较研究

目的比较采用固定平台型与活动平台型膝关节假体行人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后发生膝前痛的差异。方法 2008年1月-10月收治72例骨性关节炎患者,其中37例采用固定平台型膝关节假体置换(固定平台组),35例采用活动平台型膝关节假体置换(活动平台组)。固定平台组:男8例,女29例;年龄57～76岁,平均69.6岁。左膝20例,右膝17例。体重55～92 kg,平均66.7 kg。体重指数(body mass index,BMI)为17.6～37.3,平均26.2。病程3～22年。根据膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)标准评定膝评分(29.4±15.3)分,功能评分(33.4±16.8)分。髌骨评分(7.2±2.5)分,疼痛评分(2.5±2.2)分。Insall-Salvat(iI-S)指数为1.6±0.3。活动平台组:男9例,女26例;年龄58～73岁,平均68.2岁。左膝30例,右膝5例。体重50～86 kg,平均67.9 kg。BMI为18.4～34.4,平均25.6。病程6～18年。KSS膝评分(30.9±14.7)分,功能评分(31.4±14.4)分。髌骨评分(6.8±3.1)分,疼痛评分(2.0±2.3)分。I-S指数为1.6±0.2。两组患者一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无下肢深静脉血栓形成及肺栓塞发生。患者术后均获随访,随访时间为12～16个月。术后活动平台组发生膝关节感染1例,膝关节脱位1例,膝关节弹响3例;固定平台组发生膝关节弹响1例。两组末次随访时KSS膝评分及功能评分、疼痛评分及髌骨评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组以上指标分别与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组适合角、外侧髌骨角、髌骨倾斜角、髌骨外移距离、髌骨移位距离及I-S指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1～5个月固定平台组7例(18.9%)、活动平台组5例(14.3%)出现膝前痛。两组膝前痛发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.227,P=0.634)。术后出现膝前痛患者KSS膝评分、功能评分、髌骨评分及I-S指数与未出现膝前痛患者比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用固定平台型与活动平台型膝关节假体行TKA术后膝前痛发生率及术后近期疗效无明显差异。     

二期髌骨置换术治疗初次全膝关节置换术后持续性膝前疼痛

目的探讨二期髌骨置换治疗初次全膝关节置换(TKA)术后持续性膝前痛的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月至2016年3月,对9例因骨关节炎行初次TKA术(未行髌骨置换)后存在持续性膝前疼痛、经3个月以上保守治疗无效的患者行二期髌骨置换术。其中男性2例,女性7例,平均年龄(69.1±3.7)岁。排除因感染、假体松动、假体位置不良、对线异常等明确原因导致术后持续性关节疼痛的病例。采用膝关节功能评分(KSS)、痛觉视觉模拟评分(VAS)、患者满意度评分对术前及术后功能、疗效进行评价,使用SPSS 16.0软件,采用配对样本t检验进行统计学分析。结果平均随访(23.4±12.2)个月,末次随访时KSS功能评分从术前平均(61.7±5.6)分提高到末次随访时平均(75.6±8.8)分,评分差异具有统计学意义(t=4.63,P0.05);疼痛VAS评分从术前平均(4.6±1.3)分降低至末次随访时平均(2.6±1.3)分,两者差异具有统计学意义(t=5.37,P0.05),术后效果患者满意率77.8%。结论二期髌骨置换术对于多数初次TKA术后髌股关节源性持续性膝前疼痛的患者,能达到缓解疼痛、改善关节功能的治疗效果。     

外侧支持带松解对人工全膝关节置换术后膝前痛的影响

目的探讨髌骨保留型人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中外侧支持带松解与否对临床疗效的影响。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,将2012年10月—2014年10月收治并符合选择标准的132例单侧膝关节退变性关节炎患者随机分为2组(n=66),试验组TKA术中行髌骨外侧支持带松解,对照组术中不松解外侧支持带。试验组2例患者失访,对照组4例患者术中发现需松解外侧支持带,排除研究;试验组和对照组最终纳入64例和62例。两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、侧别、病程及术前髌骨形态、髌股关节炎分级、髌骨软骨退变等级、髌骨位置不良、髌骨轨迹不良、髌骨评分、膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。记录两组患者手术时间、术后引流量、住院时间、术后并发症及患者主观满意度;术后膝前痛采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估,采用KSS评分、髌骨评分评价膝关节功能;在X线片上测量股骨角、胫骨角、股骨屈曲角及胫骨后倾角评价假体力线;观察术后髌骨轨迹及髌骨位置,以及有无骨溶解、假体松动、髌骨骨折和髌骨坏死等并发症发生。结果术后两组患者均随访24个月。两组患者手术时间、术后引流量、住院时间、患者主观满意度比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);试验组术后膝前痛发生情况优于对照组(P=0.033)。两组术后24个月KSS评分及髌骨评分均较术前显著改善(P0.05);术后24个月时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后发生血肿3例(试验组2例、对照组1例),轻度切口裂开4例(各2例),切口皮缘坏死1例(试验组),切口表浅感染2例(各1例),均经保守治疗痊愈;两组均未发生髌骨坏死、髌骨骨折、膝外侧痛等并发症;两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.392)。随访期间两组患者假体力线均满意,两组股骨角、胫骨角、股骨屈曲角及胫骨后倾角比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组骨水泥-骨界面均无透光带及骨溶解。试验组和对照组分别有3例和5例发生髌骨轨迹不良,比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.488);但试验组髌骨位置不良发生率(18.8%)明显低于对照组(35.5%)(χ~2=0.173,P=0.034)。结论髌骨保留型TKA术中行外侧支持带松解能够降低术后膝前痛发生率,并且不增加术后并发症发生风险。     

髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响.方法 2002年1月至2006年5月行全膝关节置换术163例244膝,根据术中观察到的髌骨软骨破坏程度将患者分为轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏三组.所有手术均不置换髌骨.术后随访88例133膝,轻度组42膝,中度组43膝,重度组48膝.采用美国膝关节学会评分(Knee Society Score,KSS)系统(包括膝评分和膝功能评分)和膝前痛评分系统对三组疗效进行评估.结果 随访48～102个月,平均72个月.KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前(35.1±5.4)分和(19.2±9.8)分分别提高到(91.7±5.6)分和(83.7±17.5)分.三组KSS膝评分从术前(34.7±6.2)分、(36.5±5.2)分、(35.3±6.2)分分别提高至(92.6±4.5)分、(90.5±6.7)分、(91.9±5.9)分;膝功能评分从术前(14.2±8.6)分、(16.5±7.4)分、(17.0±7.5)分分别提高至(86.6±12.6)分、(82.0±17.2)分、(82.8±21.1)分.三组术后膝评分和膝功能评分的差异均无统计学意义.术后膝前痛的发生率为11.3%(15/133),轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏组分别为11.9%(5/42)、11.6%(5/43)、10.4%(5/48),差异无统计学意义.结论 全膝关节置换术后疗效及膝前痛的发生率与术前髌骨软骨破坏程度无关,髌骨软骨破坏程度不是全膝关节置换术中置换髌骨的可靠依据.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether there was any correlation between the degree of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage and the clinical outcome after TKA without patellar resurfacing.Methods A clinical study was performed on 133 knees of 88 patients that underwent TKA without patellar resurfacing from January 2002 to May 2006. According to the degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage,patients was classified as mild group, moderate group, and severe group. Pre- and post-operative evaluations were performed using the knee and function scores of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and Anterior Knee Pain Rating. Results The duration of follow-up was 72 months (range 48-102). The overall knee score of KSS in all patients were improved from 35.1±5.4 preoperatively to 91.7±5.6 postoperatively,and function score of KSS from 19.2±9.8 preoperatively to 83.7±17.5 postoperatively. The mean knee scores of KSS were improved from 34.7±6.2, 36.5±5.2 and 35.3±6.2 preoperatively to 92.6±4.5, 90.5±6.7 and 91.9±5.9 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. The mean function scores of KSS were improved from 14.2±8.6, 16.5±7.4 and 17.0±7.5 postoperatively to 86.6±12.6, 82.0±17.2 and 82.8±21.1 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the postoperative knee scores and function scores of KSS. The prevalence of anterior knee pain was 11.3% in all, and 11.9% in mild group, 11.6% in moderate group and 10.4% in severe group. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the anterior knee pain. Conclusion The clinical outcome and anterior knee pain after TKA without patellar resurfacing was not correlated with the severity of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage. The degree of degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage is not indication for patellar resurfacing.     

体重指数对骨关节炎患者术后疗效的影响

目的 ：探讨不同体重指数（body mass index,BMI）对接受全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）的骨关节炎患者膝关节疗效的影响。方法：对2006年6月至2009年5月施行TKA并且有完整随访资料的148例骨关节炎患者进行回顾性分析,男29例,女119例;年龄39~89岁,平均71.2岁。按体重指数分类标准分为4组：非肥胖组（BMI≤25.0 kg/m2）38例45膝,男9例,女29例,平均年龄（70.0±8.2）岁;超重组（BMI 25.1~27.0 kg/m2）40例48膝,男10例,女30例,平均年龄（72.6±7.4）岁;肥胖组（BMI 27.1~30.0 kg/m2）37例43膝,男7例,女30例,平均年龄（70.4±6.0）岁;病理性肥胖组（BMI〉30.0 kg/m2）33例39膝,男3例,女30例,平均年龄（71.7±6.4）岁。分别记录各组术前和随访时KSS评分,膝前痛及手术时髌骨软骨损坏情况。结果：各组患者术后KSS评分与术前相比均有大幅提高,优良率97.1%。在膝评分方面,术前及术后各组之间差异均无统计学意义（术前P=0.789,术后P=0.133）;在膝功能评分中,肥胖组的术前功能评分最低,与其他组相比差异有统计学意义（术前P=0.036,术后P=0.225）。术后膝前痛发生率为9.7%（17/175）,其中14膝为Ⅰ级,3膝为Ⅱ级。各组术后膝前痛发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.764,P=0.862）。发生膝前痛的患者平均体重指数（27.4±3.6）kg/m2,无膝前痛的患者平均体重指数（27.5±4.4）kg/m2,差异无统计学意义（t=-0.061,P=0.951）。各组髌骨软骨损坏程度差异无统计学意义（χ2=7.070,P=0.314）。结论 ：不同BMI患者膝关节评分和功能评分都有大幅提高,都能从TKA手术中获益,并且肥胖患者术后疗效可以与非肥胖患者一样好。     

髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术膝前痛的Meta分析

目的 以Meta分析方法研究髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术（TKA）膝前痛和膝关节功能的影响.方法 检索关于保留髌骨行髌骨周围电灼去神经化TKA的相关文献,按照特定的纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取相关数据,用Review Manager 5.0软件进行Meta 分析.结果共纳入四篇随机对照研究.分析表明髌骨周围电灼去神经化对保留髌骨的TKA患者术后膝前痛的发生率无影响[RR=0.76,95%CI （0.59,1.00）,P=0.05],但是可以改善其的Feller髌骨评分[MD=1.15,95%CI （0.74,1.55）,P〈0.01],KSS评分系统-膝关节评分[MD=1.30,95%CI （0.23,2.37）,P〈0.05]和KSS评分系统-膝关节功能评分[MD=1.45,95%CI （0.08,2.81）,P〈0.05].结论 在保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术中使用髌骨边缘电灼去神经化能改善术后膝前痛和膝关节功能.     

Wiberg分型对保留髌骨TKA术后髌骨轨迹及功能的影响

目的研究全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)对髌骨形态、术后轨迹及术后功能的影响。方法选取2016年1月到2017年1月因膝关节骨关节炎行TKA的患者共76例(81膝),男21例(22膝),女55例(59膝);年龄53～77岁,平均(66.19±6.83)岁。于屈膝45°、投射角度30°的数字化X线成像系统上拍摄膝关节髌骨轴位片,使用Wiberg标准评估髌骨分型并测量髌骨倾斜角、髌股指数、髌股适合角。术中保留髌骨,对髌骨周边骨赘进行清除,保持正常的髌骨解剖形态。术前Wiberg分型Ⅰ型18膝,Ⅱ型49膝,Ⅲ型14膝。比较不同Wiberg髌骨分型手术前后的影像学指标、美国特种外科医院(the hospital special surgery,HSS)功能评分、髌骨评分、上下楼评分、膝前痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间均两年以上,平均随访时间(25.16±6.24)个月。髌骨倾斜角由术前(-10.04±4.74)°减小为术后(-7.54±4.61)°,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000);髌股指数由术前(1.50±0.54)减小为术后(1.17±0.59),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.047)。术前WibergⅠ型髌骨倾斜角(-11.05±5.6)°,Ⅱ型(-8.74±5.6)°,Ⅲ型(-13.22±3.72)°,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013);术前WibergⅠ型髌骨髌股指数(1.53±0.53),Ⅱ型(1.35±0.47),Ⅲ型(1.95±0.58),差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。WibergⅡ型的患者术前髌骨倾斜角及髌股指数较其他两型要小。术前不同Wiberg髌骨分型的髌股适合角度差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。不同Wiberg分型的患者术后髌骨倾斜角(P=0.117)、髌股指数(P=0.058)、髌股适合角度(P=0.572),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同Wiberg分型的患者术后HSS评分(P=0.572)、美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS)(P=0.657)、KSS功能评分(P=0.066)、髌骨评分(P=0.102)、上下楼评分(P=0.080)、VAS评分(P=0.332)差异无统计学意义。结论全膝关节置换术中,通过髌骨成形及外侧支持带松解可达到良好的术后髌骨轨迹及临床疗效。Wiberg髌骨形态对保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术后功能无明显影响。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛的影响

 目的 探讨全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对早期疗效及膝前痛发生率的影响。方法 2010年6月至2011年6月拟行全膝关节置换术患者100例,随机分为两组：髌骨置换组43例50膝,髌骨未置换组57例66膝。比较术后6个月、12个月两组患者的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(West Ontario and McMaster Universities,WOMAC)骨关节炎指数、美国膝关节外科协会(Knee Surgery Society,KSS)膝评分和功能评分、膝前痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果 髌骨置换组与髌骨未置换组患者术后膝前痛VAS评分均较术前明显降低,两组间VAS评分及膝前痛发生率的差异无统计学意义。WOMAC骨关节炎指数6个月分别为28.8±11.2和18.6±7.2、术后12个月分别为20.7±6.2和16.0±5.5,KSS膝评分6个月分别为(87.0±8.3)分和(90.9±7.2)分、术后12个月分别为(84.2±10.6)分和(88.8±9.2)分,KSS功能评分术后6个月分别为(86.6±21.6)分和(84.9±16.5)分、术后12个月分别为(85.2±16.4)分和(91.0±10.0)分,组间差异均无统计学意义。髌骨轴位X线片示髌骨与股骨假体滑车吻合度良好,无不稳及脱位表现。术后1年内无翻修、髌骨表面再置换病例。结论 全膝关节置换术对改善因骨关节炎或类风湿关节炎导致的膝关节疼痛、功能受限有效;髌骨置换与否对术后短期疗效及膝前痛发生率没有影响。     

An Anatomic Study on Whether the Patella is Centered in an Ideal Anteroposterior Radiograph of the Knee

BackgroundCurrently, an anteroposterior radiograph of the knee is judged based on a centered position of the patella between the femoral condyles. We are not aware of any anatomic literature supporting this recommendation.Questions/PurposesOrthogonal images are required for accurate assessment of knee deformity. Although an image with the patella centered at the distal femur is generally accepted as a true anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the knee, there is minimal anatomic data to support that this view is orthogonal to a true lateral view of the knee where the condyles are overlapped. We designed an anatomical study to test the relationship between these two radiographic views.MethodsWe studied 428 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 40 to 79 years of age at death. Centering of the patella was calculated based on distal femoral and patellar widths. Multiple regression analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between patellar centering and age, gender, ethnicity, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), femoral anteversion, and contralateral centering.ResultsAverage patellar centering was 0.13 ± 0.04, indicating that the average patella was laterally positioned in the distal femur. Only mLDFA and contralateral centering showed statistically significant independent correlations with patellar centering with modest standardized beta coefficients of 0.10 and 0.23, respectively.ConclusionsIn the average specimen, the patella is laterally deviated by 13% of the condylar width. Clinicians should be aware that a lateral view with the femoral condyles overlapped is not always orthogonal to a patella-centered AP view when planning and implementing deformity correction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-014-9419-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Preclinical Evaluation Method for Total Knees Designed to Restore Normal Knee Mechanics

The objective was to develop a simple, rapid, and low-cost method for evaluating proposed new total knee arthroplasty (TKA) models and then to evaluate 3 different TKA models with different kinematic characteristics. A “desktop” knee testing rig was used to apply forces and moments over a full flexion range, representing a spectrum of positions and activities; and the positions of the femur on the tibia were measured. The average neutral path of motion (for compressive force only) and the laxities about the neutral path (for superimposed shear and torque) were determined from 8 knee specimens to be used as a benchmark for the TKA evaluations. A typical posterior-stabilized TKA did not display the normal external femoral rotation with flexion and also showed abnormal anterior sliding on the medial side. A medial-pivot type of guided-motion design showed medial stability comparable to anatomical but still did not produce external femoral rotation and posterior lateral displacement with flexion. The addition of a central cam-post produced the rotation and displacement but only after 75° of flexion. It was concluded that the test method satisfied the objective and could be used as a design tool for evaluating new and existing designs, as well as for formulating a TKA with anatomical characteristics.     

单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝单间室骨性关节炎近中期疗效的对比研究

目的探讨膝单髁置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝单间室重度骨性关节炎(KOA)的近中期临床疗效。方法随访本研究中因患膝单间室重度KOA接受单髁置换术的患者23例(23膝),同时期同术者施行的全膝关节置换术50例(56膝)。UKA组23位患者22名获得到了较为完整的临床随访,1例死亡。平均时间为28.6个月(4个月～7年),TKA组50位患者均获得随访,平均时间为32.9个月(2个月～7年)。对手术前后HSS评分,疼痛缓解,术中出血量及术后3d血红蛋白下降量,关节屈曲大于90°时间及屈曲大于120°膝关节数进行比较。结果UKA组与TKA组均获得满意疗效,两组患者均无假体松动,无关节翻修等严重并发症,HSS评分UKA组术前(64±5.75)分,术后末次随访(86±7.85)分(t=11.53,P0.001);TKA组术前(61±6.53)分,术后末次随访(84±7.92)分(t=18.64,P0.001)。与TKA组比较,UKA组术中出血(t=12.47,P0.001)及术后3d天血红蛋白下降少(t=13.61,P0.001),疼痛缓解相似(2=0.007,P0.05),术后膝关节屈曲到90°时间短(t=3.97,P0.05),术后能屈曲到120°的比率高。结论在严格掌握适应证的前提下,对于膝单间室重度KOA患者的手术治疗,UKA的近中期疗效可与TKA相媲美,而且UKA具有创伤小,出血少,患者耐受性好,术后恢复快的优点。     

Neglected irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation

Knee dislocations are rare injuries. Posterolateral knee dislocations are only a small subset of them. There is a paucity of literature regarding the management of such neglected cases. We report here, a case of neglected irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation treated with open reduction and isolated posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction followed by gradual rehabilitation with good outcome at 3 years followup.     

High knee valgus in female subjects does not yield higher knee translations during drop landings: A biplane fluoroscopic study

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of peak knee valgus angle and peak knee abductor moment on the anterior, medial, and lateral tibial translations (ATT, MTT, LTT) in the “at risk” female knee during drop landing. Fifteen female subjects performed drop landings from 40 cm. Three‐dimension knee motion was simultaneously recorded using a high speed, biplane fluoroscopy system, and a video‐based motion analysis system. Valgus knee angles and knee abduction moments were stratified into low, intermediate, and high groups and peak ATT, MTT, and LTT were compared between these groups with ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant differences were observed between stratified groups in peak knee valgus angle (p < 0.0001) and peak knee abduction moment (p < 0.0001). However, no corresponding differences in peak ATT, LTT, and MTT between groups exhibiting low to high‐peak knee valgus angles (ATT: p = 0.80; LTT: p = 0.25; MTT: p = 0.72); or, in peak ATT (p = 0.61), LTT (p = 0.26) and MTT (p = 0.96) translations when stratified according to low to high knee abduction moments, were found. We conclude that the healthy female knee is tightly regulated with regard to translations even when motion analysis derived knee valgus angles and abduction moments are high. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 257–267, 2013     

合并膝内翻骨性关节炎全膝关节置换的处理

目的探讨膝骨性关节炎合并膝内翻畸形者行膝关节置换时膝内翻的矫正方法。方法172例（190膝）合并内翻畸形骨性关节炎患者进行全膝关节表面置换术。术前测量膝内翻角、关节面夹角、胫骨角、胫骨内翻角及胫骨平台后倾角,其内翻角为8°～21°,参考关节面夹角、胫骨角及胫骨内翻角确定膝内翻的类型,术中根据膝内翻的类型及构成因素进行相应的胫骨截骨及适度的软组织松解。结果出现切口感染2例（2膝）,1例为急性感染,1例为迟发性感染,2例均经清创、假体取出并膝关节融合术后痊愈。术后内翻矫正157膝,仍有膝内翻33膝,内翻角3°～9°（4.8°±0.9°）。165例（182膝）获得随访,时间8～90（40±3.5）个月。末次随访时除2例感染外,余膝关节活动度为：伸直0°168膝,伸直受限＆lt;10°11膝,伸直受限11°～15°3膝;屈曲90°～130°。临床及X线检查未见明显松动迹象。HSS膝关节评分由术前12～57（30±5.5）分提高到76～89（79.2±4.3）分。结论术前明确膝内翻的类型及构成因素,术中采取针对性操作进行适度的软组织松解及正确的截骨,是全膝关节置换膝内翻获得矫正的有效方法。     

Total knee arthroplasty for the stiff knee

The underlying cause of stiffness must be carefully evaluated when considering total knee arthrolasty for the stiff knee. Any previous skin incision must be recorded as well as the state of the extensor mechanism. The choice of prosthesis constraint should be decided on the state of the soft-tissues often released extensively to gain flexion. A quadriceps release or plasty and a tibial tubercle osteotomy are the current options for exposure, soft-tissue release and bone cuts. Postoperatively, the motion should be started early combined to pain control in order to obtain an average of 65° of flexion at follow-up. The complication rate remains high including recurrent stiffness, delayed wound healing and deep infection.