手术切除联合一期腹膜前间隙补片修补治疗腹壁韧带样纤维瘤的疗效

目的探讨手术切除联合腹膜前间隙补片修补治疗腹壁韧带样纤维瘤的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性横断面研究方法,收集2005年4月至2018年7月四川大学华西医院收治的19例腹壁韧带样纤维瘤患者的临床资料,患者均行腹壁韧带样纤维瘤手术切除联合补片修补术。观察指标:(1)手术及术后情况:合并症、肿瘤大小、病理分型、住院时间、术后并发症情况;(2)随访情况:腹壁韧带样纤维瘤远期并发症情况及术后放化疗情况。采用电话、门诊或住院方式对患者进行为期12个月的随访,了解患者肿瘤复发及远期并发症发生的情况。随访时间截至2019年7月。结果所有患者均行根治性肿块切除术和腹壁修补术,未进行术后放化疗。4例免疫组化结果显示肿瘤细胞均呈β-catenin表达,SMA(+)3例,Desmin(灶性+)1例。无术后并发症,随访期间内无肿瘤复发,也无远期并发症发生;住院时间9～22 d,平均14.8 d。结论韧带样纤维瘤是一种交界性肿瘤,易复发,首选外科手术治疗,术中扩大切除,借助冰冻切片,保证切缘阴性。对于切除后造成的腹壁缺损,应对腹壁进行一期重建。     

ADDIN CNKISM.UserStyle手术切除联合一期腹膜前间隙补片修补治疗腹壁韧带样纤维瘤的疗效

目的探讨手术切除联合腹膜前间隙补片修补治疗腹壁韧带样纤维瘤的临床疗效。 方法采用回顾性横断面研究方法,收集2005年4月至2018年7月四川大学华西医院收治的19例腹壁韧带样纤维瘤患者的临床资料,患者均行腹壁韧带样纤维瘤手术切除联合补片修补术。观察指标：（1）手术及术后情况：合并症、肿瘤大小、病理分型、住院时间、术后并发症情况;（2）随访情况：腹壁韧带样纤维瘤远期并发症情况及术后放化疗情况。采用电话、门诊或住院方式对患者进行为期12个月的随访,了解患者肿瘤复发及远期并发症发生的情况。随访时间截至2019年7月。 结果所有患者均行根治性肿块切除术和腹壁修补术,未进行术后放化疗。4例免疫组化结果显示肿瘤细胞均呈β-catenin表达,SMA（＋）3例,Desmin（灶性＋）1例。无术后并发症,随访期间内无肿瘤复发,也无远期并发症发生;住院时间9～22 d,平均14.8 d。 结论韧带样纤维瘤是一种交界性肿瘤,易复发,首选外科手术治疗,术中扩大切除,借助冰冻切片,保证切缘阴性。对于切除后造成的腹壁缺损,应对腹壁进行一期重建。     

误诊韧带样型纤维瘤病1例并文献复习

韧带样型纤维瘤病（Desmoid-type fibromatosis,DTF）是起源于筋膜或肌肉、腱膜组织中的成纤维细胞或肌成纤维细胞的罕见良性软组织肿瘤,特征是浸润性生长、局部复发倾向但不发生远处转移。DTF患者应尽早治疗,手术完整切除,辅以放疗和/或化疗可降低DTF复发率。本文报道1例被误诊为弹力纤维瘤的DTF患者,予以手术完整切除,随访至今未见复发。     

骨韧带样纤维瘤外科手术疗效分析

目的：探讨骨韧带样纤维瘤外科手术治疗效果。方法：自2000年6月至2010年6月,手术治疗15例骨韧带样纤维瘤患者,男4例,女11例;年龄18～64岁,平均39岁。部位分别是股骨上段4例、股骨下段3例、胫骨下段2例、肱骨上段1例、肱骨下段1例、肩胛骨1例、耻骨支1例、髂骨1例、胸骨柄1例。15例中1例行单纯病灶内刮除,14例按手术方式分两组,广泛切除组（7例）,扩大刮除加灭活组（7例）。观察术后复发情况,采用Enneking功能评分对术后恢复情况进行评定。结果：15例患者均获随访,时间18～132个月,平均56个月。未发现转移。复发2例,1例为单纯病灶内刮除,1例为广泛切除组,复发率13．3％（2/15）。根据Enneking功能评估标准,广泛切除组术后（21．6±3．8）分,扩大刮除加灭活（28．3±1．3）分。广泛切除组优2例,良5例;扩大刮除加灭活组优7例。结论：扩大刮除加灭活手术较广泛切除组功能恢复更好,在重建较为困难的特殊部位建议优先考虑。     

韧带样型纤维瘤病的诊断和治疗

目的:探讨韧带样型纤维瘤病(DTFT)的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性总结收治的DTFT11例患者的临床资料。肿瘤位于腹壁和盆腔4例，腹腔内2例，腹部以外5例。病程平均为5.7年(1个月至41年)。术前均误诊。2例行局部切除，其余9例均行扩大切除术; 3例术后行放射治疗。结果:11例术后病理均诊断为DTFT，其中波形蛋白阳性10例，阴性1例。术后随访1~10年(平均4.2年)，复发4例，平均复发时间2.2年(8个月至5年)。11例均健康生存，未见有远处转移。结论:DTFT在临床上易与其他软组织肿瘤相混淆; 诊断主要依据病理报告; 治疗DTFT最主要的方法是扩大的手术切除。该病预后较好，复发者可再次手术。单独使用放疗可以作为无法切除肿块的治疗方式。     

膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床和影像学特点、手术方式的选择及临床疗效,讨论该病变可接受的外科治疗方式。方法 23例膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤患者(股骨远端10例,胫骨近端12例,腓骨近端复发并胫骨转移1例)根据病变的临床、影像学特点选择不同手术方式:9例行瘤段切除肿瘤假体置换术;13例行肿瘤扩大刮除瘤腔灭活骨修复和内固定术(植骨9例,骨水泥填充4例),1例行截肢术。结果患者均获得随访,时间8~50个月。术后3例复发,肿瘤切除骨缺损修复组1例复发,肢体功能评分80%;肿瘤扩大刮除瘤腔灭活骨修复组2例复发,肢体功能评分95%。结论根据膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床及影像学特点选择合理的治疗方法,对肿瘤复发的控制及后续治疗方面具备一定的优势。     

睾丸良性肿瘤的诊断和治疗——附8例临床病例报告及文献复习

目的探讨睾丸良性肿瘤的临床特点以提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析我院20年间诊治的8例睾丸良性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果患者年龄9个月～47岁,病理诊断为单侧睾丸畸胎瘤3例,单侧睾丸纤维瘤、表皮样囊肿、腺瘤样瘤、多房性囊肿各1例,双侧皮样囊肿1例。对其中5例行睾丸肿瘤切除术,3例行睾丸根治性切除术。随访9个月至23年,平均8.37年,均无复发。结论睾丸良性肿瘤并不罕见,值得重视,保留睾丸的肿瘤切除手术是有益的。     

纤维瘤病39例诊治分析

目的 总结纤维瘤病的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1998年6月至2007年6月峰峰集团孙庄矿医院收治的39例纤维瘤病患者的临床资料.结果 首次手术治疗31例,其中治愈27例,复发4例;保守治疗的8例,与手术后复发的4例再次接受手术治疗,其中10例治愈,2例复发(均为再手术病例).结论 纤维瘤病若手术切除不彻底,易复发;扩大切除术效果较好.     

儿童肢体硬纤维瘤手术切除的疗效观察

[目的]探讨儿童肢体硬纤维瘤手术切除的复发率及有关因素，介绍综合治疗的最新进展；[方法]回顾性分析2001年以前手术切除8例儿童肢体硬纤维瘤的结果与复发率。8例儿童手术时平均年龄为8岁2个月，术后平均经过3a2个月（2a5个月～5a）的随访观察；肿瘤均位于儿童的肢体，4例位于臀部，3例位于大腿近端后侧并蔓延至胭窝下缘，1例位于上臂外侧三角肌的下缘。术前应用CT和MRI确定肿瘤部位与累积的范围，但未做活组织检查。8例均实现了边缘性切除，其中1例为外院部分切除的复发病例。[结果]本组8例手术切除的肿瘤组织均经病理证实为硬纤维瘤。术后平均经过3a2个月（2a5个月-5a）的随访观察，其中有4例肿瘤复发需要再次手术治疗。复发1次者2例，复发2次者1例，复发3次者1例。8例病人平均经历1．6次手术。复发率为69％，复发的间隔时间为6～10个月不等。1例因腓总神经位于肿瘤中央，切除肿瘤时导致腓总神经断裂性损伤；[结论]硬纤维瘤是一种侵袭性肿瘤，手术切除后复发率高达69％。采取手术切除和辅助性化疗或放疗是治疗该肿瘤的最新进展。     

原发性寰椎肿瘤的临床特点与手术治疗

目的　研究原发性寰椎肿瘤的临床特点、诊断、不同手术入路 ,肿瘤切除术式及内固定的治疗效果。方法　分别对寰椎肿瘤的性质、病理类型、临床表现、各种手术途径、术式及其预后进行研究。本组 8例中 ,骨母细胞瘤 3例 ,脊索瘤 2例 ,骨巨细胞瘤 1例 ,血管内皮细胞瘤 1例 ,恶性神经纤维瘤 1例。 3例行囊内切除 ,4例包膜切除 ,1例广泛切除。结果　术后随访 6个月至 10年 ,术后近期疗效较满意 ,局部疼痛和神经症状改善或缓解 ,1例骨母细胞瘤、1例恶性神经纤维瘤术后 1年局部复发 ,分别于术后 2 0个月和 2 4个月高位瘫痪、全身衰竭死亡 ;其余患者尚未见复发。结论　结合其临床特点、影像学和病理检查可确定诊断 ;根据寰椎肿瘤的部位、范围选择相应的手术入路和术式。肿瘤的性质、手术方式及术后综合治疗对患者预后具有重要影响。枕颈 CD Cervical或Cervifix内固定术有利于保持上颈椎的稳定     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.