Vulnerability and sexual and reproductive health among Zambian secondary school students

The present study aimed to explore secondary school students' needs in relation to sexual and reproductive health in order to inform efforts to improve the quality of health services available to young people. The study involved data collection from 716 11–22‐year‐old students in four secondary schools in an urban area in Zambia. Students completed a questionnaire and were invited to write down any inquiries they had regarding sexuality and reproduction. Findings revealed that boys and girls lack adequate information about human reproduction and STIs, including HIV. To avoid misconceptions and myths, they also need clear information on contraceptives and masturbation. Responses indicate that young people would welcome guidance and support related to contraception, pregnancy, abortion and STIs/HIV, but also on love and relationships. Culture, religion and gender are important factors influencing sexuality and sexual abuse. These issues need to be taken into consideration when developing youth‐friendly programmes for young people.     

Reliability of sexual behavior data among high school students in Rome.

We compared findings on sexual behavior from a self-administered questionnaire and a face-to-face interview, separated by 2-4 weeks, directed at 383 Italian secondary school students. The correlation coefficients or kappa values for reported prevalence of coital experience, age at first intercourse, and age of first partner were all greater than 0.7. The interview underreported coitus and overreported condom use, when administered before the questionnaire. The students thought that 18.4% of their classmates had ever had coitus, compared with 23.5% on self-report. We conclude that despite an overall high reproducibility of sexual behavior measures, distortions due to perceptions of social desirability might occur.     

Vulnerability and sexual and reproductive health among Zambian secondary school students

The present study aimed to explore secondary school students' needs in relation to sexual and reproductive health in order to inform efforts to improve the quality of health services available to young people. The study involved data collection from 716 11-22-year-old students in four secondary schools in an urban area in Zambia. Students completed a questionnaire and were invited to write down any inquiries they had regarding sexuality and reproduction. Findings revealed that boys and girls lack adequate information about human reproduction and STIs, including HIV. To avoid misconceptions and myths, they also need clear information on contraceptives and masturbation. Responses indicate that young people would welcome guidance and support related to contraception, pregnancy, abortion and STIs/HIV, but also on love and relationships. Culture, religion and gender are important factors influencing sexuality and sexual abuse. These issues need to be taken into consideration when developing youth-friendly programmes for young people.     

Inconsistent reports of sexual intercourse among South African high school students.

PURPOSE: This study aims to describe patterns of inconsistent reports of sexual intercourse among a sample of South African adolescents. METHODS: Consistency of reported lifetime sexual intercourse was assessed using five semiannual waves of data. Odds ratios related inconsistent reporting to demographic variables and potential indicators of general and risk-behavior-specific reliability problems. RESULTS: Of the sexually active participants in the sample, nearly 40% reported being virgins after sexual activity had been reported at an earlier assessment. Inconsistent reporting could not be predicted by gender or race or by general indicators of poor reliability (inconsistent reporting of gender and birth year). However individuals with inconsistent reports of sexual intercourse were more likely to be inconsistent reporters of substance use. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that researchers need to undertake efforts to deal specifically with inconsistent risk behavior data. These may include modification of data collection procedures and use of statistical methodologies that can account for response inconsistencies.     

HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior among high school students

Data from the 1989 Secondary School Student Health Risk Survey indicate that 54 percent of all high school students in the United States had had some form of HIV/AIDS education in school. Responses to a questionnaire on HIV/AIDS knowledge show that nearly all students knew the two main modes of HIV transmission--intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. Students who had been taught about HIV and AIDS in school gave correct answers to questions about the virus more often than those who had not received instruction. Students who knew more about HIV transmission were less likely to report having had two or more sexual partners and more likely to report consistent condom use.     

Patterns of sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Swaziland,southern Africa

Among the many sub‐Saharan African countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS is the Kingdom of Swaziland. In an effort to reduce the spread of HIV, young people are an important group to reach with prevention messages. However, before developing such programmes, it is essential to understand young people's sexual risk behaviours. Students (n=941) from four coeducational secondary schools in Swaziland participated in a cross‐sectional survey of sexual behaviours. Results indicate that considerable proportions of young people in this study were sexually experienced, irrespective of gender. Findings also suggest unacceptable high levels of sexual coercion, irrespective of age or gender. While boys may be less likely than girls to experience sexual coercion, being a male in this setting was not a protective factor. No significant differences were found on these variables in relation to location of the schools (rural vs. urban). Implications for developing and implementing HIV prevention programmes are suggested.     

Patterns of sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Swaziland, southern Africa

Among the many sub-Saharan African countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS is the Kingdom of Swaziland. In an effort to reduce the spread of HIV, young people are an important group to reach with prevention messages. However, before developing such programmes, it is essential to understand young people's sexual risk behaviours. Students (n=941) from four coeducational secondary schools in Swaziland participated in a cross-sectional survey of sexual behaviours. Results indicate that considerable proportions of young people in this study were sexually experienced, irrespective of gender. Findings also suggest unacceptable high levels of sexual coercion, irrespective of age or gender. While boys may be less likely than girls to experience sexual coercion, being a male in this setting was not a protective factor. No significant differences were found on these variables in relation to location of the schools (rural vs. urban). Implications for developing and implementing HIV prevention programmes are suggested.     

西安市中小学生性发育调查与心理卫生咨询

本文调查了西安市1980名中小学生(男945人,女1035人)的性发育,结果是女子初潮平均年龄为13.40岁,男子首次遗精平均年龄为14.58岁,和以往资料相比,性发育表现出明显的长期变化。部分家长和教师,由于不了解性发育知识而产生许多心理卫生问题,因此在小学高年级阶段,即应进行性知识教育。     

341名高中生性行为与人格因素的相关性分析

目的探讨高中学生性行为与人格因素相关性。方法抽取341名高二生物班学生进行性行为调查,同时采用卡特尔的16PF人格因素进行分析。结果性观念、独自性行为以及异性性行为不同的高中生,在诸多人格因素上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论高中生性行为与恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、实验性的个人格因素有关,影响高中生性行为的有关人格因素有明显的性别差异,尝试塑造学生人格实现间接干预学生的性行为。     

Correlates of same-sex sexual behavior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students.

OBJECTIVES: This study documented risk behaviors among homosexually and bisexually experienced adolescents. METHODS: Data were obtained from a random sample of high school students in Massachusetts. Violence, substance use, and suicide behaviors were compared between students with same-sex experience and those reporting only heterosexual contact. Differences in prevalence and standard errors of the differences were calculated. RESULTS: Students reporting same-sex contact were more likely to report fighting and victimization, frequent use of alcohol, other drug use, and recent suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Students with same-sex experience may be at elevated risk of injury, disease, and death resulting from violence, substance abuse, and suicidal behaviors.     

Evaluation of a sexual education intervention among Swedish high school students

AIMS: To evaluate an intervention aimed at improving knowledge of, attitudes to, and practices regarding condoms and emergency contraception (ECP) among Swedish high school students. METHODS: An intervention study with quasi-experimental design. A strategic sample of classes from two vocational high school programs was divided into an intervention group and a comparison group. All students completed questionnaires before and after the intervention, which included sexual education lessons by a nurse-midwife and medical students, free condoms on request and access to telephone counseling. RESULTS: Of the 461 eligible students, mean age 17 years, 390 (85%) completed the pre-test and 326 (71%) the post-test. Three out of four (77%) had experienced sexual intercourse. The majority (76%) had used contraception, mostly condoms at first intercourse. The students already had good knowledge of condoms with no change after the intervention, but attitudes improved and condom use increased. Knowledge of, and attitudes towards ECP improved but use remained stable (29%). The most important source of information about ECP changed from "friends" to "school" after the intervention. More than one out of four (28%) had opted for free condoms but only 3% had requested telephone counseling. CONCLUSIONS: Condom use increased after the intervention whereas the use of ECP remained stable. Knowledge of ECP improved and the attitudes towards both condoms and ECP became more positive. Participation of nurse-midwives and medical students, skill rehearsal, and improved access to condoms may be useful elements in sexual education.     

北京西城区高中生性行为及艾滋病相关知识态度状况

了解北京市西城区高中生性行为及艾滋病相关知识态度状况,为学校开展艾滋病和性健康教育活动提供依据.方法 使用中国疾病预防控制中心儿少/学校中心编制的问卷,对以简单随机法抽取的西城区5所高中共976名学生进行艾滋病知识态度、性行为等调查.结果 高中生性行为和被迫性行为报告率分别为6.3%和1.2%,男生高于女生(P值均<0.01),职业高中学生高于普通高中和重点高中学生(P值均<0.01).学生对艾滋病病原体的知晓率为73.2%,重点高中学生高于普通高中和职业高中学生(P<0.01).部分学生对待艾滋病患者或病毒感染者持负面态度.结论 应积极开展学校性行为和艾滋病预防健康教育,促进学生预防艾滋病知识水平的提高及正确态度和技能的形成,减少危险行为.     

连云港市大中专学生艾滋知识态度和性观念调查

目的：了解连云港市大中专学对艾滋病的知识，态度和性观念。方法：C地3所学校采用随机分层整群抽样的方法。抽取1000名学生为调查对象，调查问卷，由学生自行填写。SAS软件统计分析。结果：该市大中专学生95％知道艾滋是一种危害极大的传染病，了解传播途径，对其流行势态回答正确率达925，但在非传播途径答对率较低、，对艾滋病人态度认识不足，尤其是性道德的态度令人担忧。结论：应加强对学生的健康教育，并注青少年，配合全社共同预防AIDS，性病、提高的自我保健和防范能力。     

宿州地区高中生性心理健康现况

探讨宿州地区高中生的性心理健康状态,为提高青少年的性心理健康水平提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取宿州城镇和农村高中生共1 039名,进行青春期性心理健康问卷调查.结果 城镇学生生理知识、性知识、性观念、社会适应、自身适应、性认知分量表、性适应分量表得分均高于农村学生.在生理知识、性知识、性观念、社会适应、自身适应、性认知分量表、性适应分量表方面,男生得分高于女生;在性态度、性控制力、性价值观分量表方面,女生得分高于男生.在生理知识、性知识、性认知分量表方面,独生子女得分高于非独生子女,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 宿州市农村学生、女生、非独生子女学生性心理健康状况相对较差.     

中学生性及生殖健康教育干预效果评价

目的 评价学校和家庭性教育对中学生性和生殖健康知识的影响.方法 在上海市徐汇区11所中学开展干预研究,干预持续2年.通过干预前后2次问卷调查评价干预效果.结果 干预前干预1组初中生总知识得分(18.75)低于干预2组(26.00)和对照组(28.55)(P<0.05).高中生干预1组、干预2组、对照组总知识得分分别为40.54,37.57和38.17,差异无统计学意义.干预后各组中学生各项知识得分均明显提高(P<0.01),但2个干预组的上升幅度更明显(P<0.05).多因素分析显示,调整其他影响因素后,2个干预组与对照组知识得分增值的差值初中生为16.5和22.9,高中生为18.8和16.8.结论 性教育可明显提高中学生性与生殖健康知识水平.对于不同年龄段中学生,不同的性教育模式效果有所不同.     

A sexual health study of high school students at the 3 high schools in Kitakyushu City

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual sexual behavior and attitudes of high school students in Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka and then to develop effective sex education methods for high school students in this region. METHODS: This study investigated the sexual behavior and attitudes of 1,297 high school students in Kitakyushu by self-administered questionnaire. The differences in their answers by sex, prevalence of sexual intercourse and change in sexual behavior and attitude before and after the sex education lecture were examined. RESULT: 39.3% of the students had had sexual intercourse and 74.1% answered that they might have sex, if it were with a partner whom they loved. However, they did not have enough knowledge about contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. This result shows that they did not recognize the risks accompanying sexual intercourse. There are significant differences between male and female students in their sexual attitudes. Male students tend to permit premarital sexual intercourse, unfaithfulness, prostitution, hiring a prostitute and abortion. Male students tend to give more approval to the following opinions: both men and women should agree to sexual contact if the partner wants it; men should take the initiative in sexual contact; women should not talk about sex. Many female students answered that women should make their own decisions to have or not to have sex, however a considerable number of female students answered that for their first intercourse, they just agreed with their partner even though they really did not want to do so. After the sex education lecture, the students have more knowledge about contraception and STDs. However, there is no significant difference in their sexual attitudes before and after the lecture. CONCLUSION: In order to facilitate more desirable and safer sexual behavior among the younger generation, it is not enough to simply give them knowledge about contraception or STDs, etc. To organize more comprehensive sex education, it is also important to pay enough attention to gender problems and other social factors such as family background or regional background, etc.     

随州市中小学生传染病常见病患病现况调查

目的了解随州市中小学生传染病、常见病患病情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法随机抽取该市中小学校学生进行健康检查,依据《学校卫生情况年报表填报说明及技术规范》操作和评价。结果HBsAg阳性、肺结核、沙眼、视力不良、营养不良、超重、肥胖、龋齿和白发患病率分别占7．55％、0．16％、56．15％、85．31％、30．12％、4．85％、2．87％、16．59％和5．64％。沙眼、视力低下、龋齿均为女生高于男生,经比较,分别为χ^2=36．30,P〉0．01;χ^2=51．43,P〈0．01;χ^2=27．29,P〈0．01。肥胖和白发均为男生高于女生,分别为χ^2=8．48,P〈0．01;χ^2=33．54,P〈0．01。结论强化学生健康意识,加强相关传染病、常见病、多发病的健康教育,提高自我保健能力是预防和控制中小学生常见病的重要措施。