血浆D-二聚体检测在急性主动脉壁夹层形成辅助诊断中的应用

目的评估血浆D-二聚体检测对急性主动脉壁夹层形成的辅助诊断价值。方法检测126例急诊胸痛患者（急性主动脉壁夹层形成14例,肺栓塞32例,急性心肌梗死40例,非心源性胸痛40例）的血浆D-二聚体,同时检测其C-反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原,并行WBC计数,并以20例慢性主动脉壁夹层形成者作对照组。结果急性主动脉壁夹层形成及肺栓塞患者的血浆D-二聚体水平明显高于其他患者及对照组（P均〈0．01）,急性主动脉壁夹层形成患者白细胞计数明显高于其他患者及对照组（P均〈0．01）。结论血浆D-二聚体的检测有助于对怀疑急性主动脉壁夹层形成患者的排除性诊断。     

血浆D-二聚体水平检测在主动脉夹层与急性心梗鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 分析血浆D-二聚体水平检测在主动脉夹层与急性心梗鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择我院2018年6月-2019年8月收治的主动脉夹层与急性心梗患者84例,随机分为夹层组和心梗组,比较两组患者的诊断效能.结果 入院时,夹层组的血浆D-二聚体水平比心梗组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在主动脉夹层患者中,A型患者的血浆D-二聚体水平明显比B型高(P<0.05);在急性心梗患者中,I型患者的血浆D-二聚体水平高于II型、III型患者(P<0.05).结论 血浆D-二聚体水平检测在主动脉夹层与急性心梗鉴别诊断中的应用价值较高,可帮助医生迅速确定疾病类型、种类,实现对主动脉基层与急性心梗的快速筛查,诊断准确率高.     

D-二聚体在主动脉夹层鉴别诊断中的作用

目的:探讨血D-二聚体浓度对主动脉夹层(AD)的诊断价值。方法:以23例经心脏超声、CT或CT主动脉造影(CTA)确诊的主动脉夹层患者为AD组,同期住院的35例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者为AMI对照组。所有患者入院时抽血检测D-二聚体(参考值<0.3mg/L)、C反应蛋白(CRP)(参考值0～10mg/L)和肌钙蛋白T(cTnT,参考值﹤0.1μg/L)水平。结果:与AMI对照组比较,AD组D-二聚体[(0.41±0.07)mg/L比(2.69±1.28)mg/L]、CRP[(20.36±8.71)mg/L比(45.91±16.45)mg/L]水平明显升高,cTnT[(2.40±1.10)ng/ml比(0.04±0.03)ng/ml]水平明显降低(P均<0.01)。结论:于胸痛病人联合检测血D-二聚体和肌钙蛋白T的浓度对鉴别急性主动脉夹层和急性心肌梗死有重要价值。     

D-二聚体在急性主动脉夹层诊断中的临床意义

<正>主动脉夹层是一种严重威胁生命的疾病,特别是其发病急、病情复杂多变、进展迅速、病死率高。对可疑急性主动脉夹层病人及时的确诊至关重要,在急诊状态下床边无创检查包括体格检查、ECG、胸片等,其诊断价值有限,较为精确的检查如CT扫描、MRI和血管造影在床边难以实现,到目前为止尚无诊断急性主     

D-二聚体在主动脉夹层中的临床意义

主动脉夹层是心血管系统的急危重症,病死率极高。早期检测、识别并预防主动脉夹层进展,对于降低其病死率具有极其重要的意义。但是,主动脉夹层的确诊需要特殊的影像检查,临床上仍缺少简便有效的实验室指标。目前,关于D-二聚体作为识别主动脉夹层的血清学标记物并提供预后信息的研究证据不断增多,有助于我们进一步了解主动脉夹层的演进过程,评估不同患者的预后情况,现对此做一综述。     

D-二聚体水平检测在肺栓塞诊断中的价值

血浆D-二聚体(D2D)是交联纤维蛋白降解的产物之一,在病理状态下,机体发生凝血时,凝血酶作用于纤维蛋白,转变为交联纤维蛋白;同时,纤溶系统被激活,降解纤维蛋白形成各种碎片。γ链能把两个含D片段的碎片连接起     

D-二聚体和Wells评分在主动脉夹层和急性肺栓塞鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨D-二聚体和Wells评分在主动脉夹层和急性肺栓塞鉴别诊断中的应用。方法回顾性分析行胸痛二联CT血管造影术(CTA)检查的住院患者的一般资料、D-二聚体、Wells评分量表,探讨Wells评分联合D-二聚体对鉴别诊断急性肺栓塞和主动脉夹层的预测价值。结果行胸痛二联CTA检查的全部患者中,确诊为肺动脉栓塞者56例,确诊率为25%;确诊为主动脉夹层患者72例,确诊率为33%;余92例未见明显异常,占42%。Wells评分、D-二聚体及二者联合预测肺栓塞时,曲线下面积分别是0.859(95%CI:0.803~0.915),0.783(95%CI:0.723~0.843),0.924(95%CI:0.885~0.963),联合预测肺栓塞时曲线下面积明显增大。Wells评分与D-二聚体联合预测肺动脉栓塞的最佳截点为Wells评分2分,主动脉夹层1 650.00μg/L,敏感性94.6%,特异性78.0%。而当D-二聚体升高并低于1 650μg/L时,主动脉夹层组中Wells评分≤1分的患者比例明显高于肺栓塞及正常对照组。结论 D-二聚体对主动脉夹层或肺栓塞的临床预测敏感性较高,但特异性较差;Wells评分对肺栓塞的临床预测敏感性低,特异性较高。Wells评分联合D-二聚体对肺栓塞、主动脉夹层的临床预测有明确意义:当Wells评分≥2分、D-二聚体≥1 650μg/L时,临床上更倾向肺栓塞的可能;当Wells评分≤1分、D-二聚体升高(≥500μg/L)并<1 650μg/L时,临床上更倾向主动脉夹层的可能。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层围术期急性肺损伤与D-二聚体相关性的探讨

目的:探讨急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层围术期急性肺损伤(ALI)的发生与D-二聚体(DD)的相关性。方法:2011年6月至2012年5月,连续收治59例急性主动脉夹层患者,均行全弓置换+支架象鼻手术。根据围术期发生ALI的情况分组:a组(10例):术前、术后均发生ALI;b组(17例):术前未发生ALI,但术后发生ALI;c组(32例):术前术后均未发生ALI。各组间结果比较采用方差分析,各因素与氧合指数的相关性采用多元线性回归分析。结果:三组术前DD比较:a组与b组、a组与c组P<0.05;b组与c组均P>0.05。术后24 h、48 h DD比较:a组与c组、b组与c组均P<0.05,a组与b组P>0.05。多元线性回归分析DD升高水平与PaO2/FiO2呈负相关性(γ=-0.032,P<0.001)。三组术后呼吸机使用时间和ICU停留时间比较:a组与c组、b组与c组均P<0.05;a组与b组P>0.05。术后有3例患者死亡,2例术后二次开胸探查,6例术后存在并发症,此11例术后均为ALI患者。结论:急性夹层围术期发生ALI的患者,有一个高的DD水平,且DD与PaO2/FiO2呈负相关性;术后发生ALI的患者,呼吸机使用时间与ICU停留时间显著延长。     

D-二聚体在主动脉夹层诊断中的作用及研究进展

主动脉夹层是血液通过主动脉内膜破口进入主动脉壁中层,使其剥离形成真性或假性夹层血肿的严重心血管急症,它起病突然、发展迅速、具有极高的病死率。研究发现D-二聚体可能对诊断主动脉夹层有协助作用。现就近年来有关D-二聚体在主动脉夹层诊断中的作用及机制的研究进展做一综述。     

血浆D-二聚体和血气分析测定在肺栓塞中的临床价值

目的回顾急性肺栓塞时动脉血气指标Pa O2和血浆D-二聚体的变化,探讨动脉血气指标Pa O2联合血浆D-二聚体测定对急性肺栓塞诊断价值。方法回顾性分析14例急性肺栓塞患者的性别、年龄、高危因素、临床表现,与对照组对照血浆D-二聚体值、动脉血气分析测定结果。结果临床表现为胸痛8例,咯血4例,血压降低3例,咳嗽12例,心悸3例,紫绀2例,单侧下肢水肿2例。肺栓塞组血浆中D-二聚体明显高于对照组,动脉血气分析Pa O2明显低于对照组。肺栓塞组患者中血浆D-二聚体和Pa O2分别检测与血浆D-二聚体和Pa O2联合检测的灵敏度比较,联合检测的灵敏度明显增高。结论血浆D-二聚体和Pa O2联合检测可以提高肺栓塞诊断的灵敏度,对肺栓塞的诊断和有重要意义。     

Combined use of aortic dissection detection risk score and D-dimer in the diagnostic workup of suspected acute aortic dissection

Background

Acute aortic dissection (AD) represents a diagnostic conundrum. Validated algorithms are particularly needed to identify patients where AD could be ruled out without aortic imaging. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a strategy combining the aortic dissection detection (ADD) risk score with D-dimer, a sensitive biomarker of AD.

Methods

Patients from two clinical centers with suspected AD were prospectively enrolled in a registry, from January 2008 to March 2013. The ADD risk score was calculated by retrospective blinded chart review. For D-dimer, a cutoff of 500 ng/ml was applied.

Results

AD was diagnosed in 233 of 1035 (22.5%) patients. The ADD risk score was 0 in 322 (31.1%), 1 in 508 (49.1%) and > 1 in 205 (19.8%) patients. The sensitivity and the failure rate of D-dimer were 100% and 0% in patients with ADD score 0, versus 97.5% (95% CI 91.4–99.6%) and 4.2% (95% CI 0.7–12.5%) in patients with ADD risk score > 1. In patients with ADD risk score ≤ 1, the sensitivity and the failure rate of D-dimer were 98.7% (95% CI 95.3–99.8%) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.1–2.6%). The diagnostic efficiency of D-dimer in patients with ADD risk score 0 and ≤ 1 was 8.9% (95% CI 7.2–10.7%) and 23.6% (95% CI 21.1–26.2%) respectively.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients with suspected AD, the presence of ADD risk score 0 or ≤ 1 combined with a negative D-dimer accurately and efficiently ruled out AD.     

CT detection of pulmonary embolism and aortic dissection

Triage of patients with acute, potentially life-threatening chest pain is one of the most daunting challenges currently facing emergency department physicians. Acute aortic syndrome and pulmonary embolism are two potentially underlying causes. For both, computed tomography has become the de facto clinical reference standard for diagnosis. This article discusses state-of-the-art computed tomography for the detection of these disorders, including recent advances and future perspectives.     

D-dimer in ruling out acute aortic dissection: a systematic review and prospective cohort study.

AIMS: Blood D-dimer testing has been proposed as diagnostic marker with high sensitivity for exclusion of acute aortic dissection (AAD). We performed a systematic review and validated the findings in a prospective patient cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and BIOSIS from inception until January 2007 using a combination of search terms for aortic dissection and D-dimer. Study type, type of assay used, predefined cut-off level, result of D-dimer testing, sensitivity, and specificity were abstracted. In 16 identified studies (437 patients), the reported cut-off values ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 microg/mL. D-dimer testing provided high sensitivity (0.97 95% CI 0.94-0.98) and negative likelihood ratio (0.06 95% CI 0.02-0.13). In our cohort of 65 patients (36 male, 55%; median age 59 years, IQR 49-67) with proven AAD, D-dimer levels scattered from 0.24 to 137.88 microg/mL (median 3.47; IQR 1.55-14.49). Mean NPV for the different cut-off levels ranged from 92 % for a cut-off level of 0.9 microg/mL to 100% for a cut-off level of 0.1 microg/mL in our study population. CONCLUSION: Current evidence supports a routine measurement of D-dimer in excluding AAD. A D-dimer <0.1 microg/mL will exclude AAD in all cases.     

急性主动脉夹层临床特征的分析

目的：了解当前国人急性主动脉夹层（AAD）的临床特征,以指导疾病诊断及治疗。方法收集2008年1月1日~2011年12月31日国内15家大型心脏中心经影像学检查确诊AAD患者1812例（其中Stanford A型726例,Stanford B型1086例）的临床资料。研究内容包括人口学特征、合并症、临床表现、诊断、治疗、预后及随访等情况,并比较Stanford A型与B型夹层患者之间临床特征的差别。结果患者平均年龄为（51.1±10.9）岁,男女比例约为3.44：1。Stanford B型AAD患者的平均年龄大于A型AAD患者[（53.3±10.1）vs.（47.5±11.2）,P＜0.001],Stanford A型AAD患者男性比例较B型更高（83.7%vs.73.3%,P＜0.001）。B型AAD患者中,86.8%患者合并高血压病,22.0%患者合并动脉粥样硬化,49.5%患者吸烟,均高于A型夹层患者（P＜0.05）。A型AAD患者中,32.5%患者合并马凡综合征,19.1%患者合并主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形,均明显高于B型AAD患者（P＜0.01）。A型AAD患者有疼痛表现占89.4%,其中前胸痛76.3%,迁移痛12.3%;B型AAD患者中背痛占73.8%,腹痛14.2%。76.3% AAD患者采用CT检查确定诊断。75.3% A型AAD患者实施了外科手术治疗,死亡率为15.9%;76.1%B型AAD患者实施了血管内介入治疗,术后发生内漏占7.8%,死亡率为0.6%。Cox住院死亡风险显示,合并高血压病发生AAD的风险度（HR）为2.80、合并马凡综合征HR为1.76。结论与Stanford B型AAD比较,A型AAD患者发病年龄较轻,且男性比例较高。B型AAD患者多合并高血压、动脉粥样硬化和吸烟,A型AAD患者多合并马凡综合征和主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形多见。疼痛是主要的临床表现,CT检查是最常用的确定诊断方法。     

Utility of plasma D-dimer levels in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection

AimTo test the utility of plasma D-dimer determination in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection (AAD), in particular with respect to its high negative predictive value reported in the relevant literature.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 76 patients admitted for acute chest pain of unclear etiology (of this number, 41 AAD patients and 35 controls with undocumented AAD) who had their plasma D-dimer levels determined on admission. Using imaging techniques, AAD was documented in the 41 AAD patients by computer tomography (80%), esophageal echocardiography (18%), aortography or based on pathological–anatomical autopsy findings (one patient each).ResultsThe finding of increased D-dimer levels (>0.5 mg/l FEU) showed 100% sensitivity, i.e., a 100% negative predictive value, 37% specificity, 65% positive predictive value, and 71% accuracy in diagnosing AAD. Elevated D-dimer levels correlated with more extensive involvement of the aorta consistent with the type of dissection using De Bakey's classification (II, III, I; r=0.63; p<0.01). No correlation was found between plasma D-dimer levels and chest pain duration.ConclusionDetermination of plasma D-dimer levels seems to be a useful tool in early diagnosis of AAD. Plasma D-dimer levels <0.5 mg/l FEU virtually exclude the presence of AAD.     

多平面经食管超声心动图技术对主动脉夹层的诊断价值

目的 探讨多平面经食管超声心动图(TEE)技术对主动脉夹层(AD)的诊断价值。方法 对19例疑诊AD患者进行了多平面TEE检查。结果 19例患者均由多平面TEE明确诊断，其中14例经CT或MRI证实，5例由手术证实，准确性和特异性均为100％。DeBakey分型Ⅰ型夹层患者4例，Ⅱ型3例，破口均位于升主动脉；Ⅲ型12例中，9例破口位于降主动脉近心端，3例未探及内膜破口。结论 多平面TEE技术为AD无创性诊断开辟了新途径。     

急性期Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后早、中期随访结果

目的 评价急性期StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层(TAD)腔内修复术后早、中期手术效果.方法 2009年11月至2012年6月完成80例急性期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术,手术在发病72 h内完成.手术前行胸腹主动脉夹层强化CT检查,在DSA手术室全麻下切开股动脉进行支架置入术,出院前进行CTA检查,手术后半年至一年内复查CTA.结果 14例患者手术后失去随访.5例术后造影提示有Ⅰ型内漏,4例1年内复查消失或造影剂溢出量明显减少,1例手术后仍有明显Ⅰ型内漏,1年后接受再次支架手术成功.其余支架安装后造影显示破口封闭,无内漏.住院期间死亡2例,1例为高龄患者降主动脉破裂,1例为夹层逆行撕裂至升主动脉后破裂.住院期间发生严重低氧血症8例,急性肾功能不全6例,均经治疗后恢复.结论 急性期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层进行腔内修复术,术后早期并发症发生率高,中期效果理想.     

血管腔内覆膜支架治疗胸降主动脉瘤

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗急、慢性胸降主动脉瘤的方法及效果。方法对36例胸降主动脉瘤的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果使用覆膜支架36枚,完全封堵动脉内膜破口,真腔血流恢复正常,近期疗效满意。结论使用覆膜支架腔内隔离术治疗胸降主动脉瘤,符合其病理解剖特点,能很好地封闭内膜破口．具有创伤小、适应证宽、治疗效果确切、康复迅速等优点。