Abbe瓣联合人中皮瓣及开放路径鼻整形术修复双侧唇裂术后继发畸形

目的 探讨Abbe瓣联合人中皮瓣及开放路径鼻整形术修复双侧唇裂术后继发畸形的疗效.方法 I期以Abbe瓣修复上唇缺损,人中皮瓣延长鼻小柱,同时行开放入路鼻整形,以矫正鼻背低平和鼻翼塌陷,缩小鼻孔宽度;Ⅱ期Abbe瓣断蒂术.结果 本组双侧唇裂术后继发畸形患者27例,术后随访6～12个月,Abbe瓣成活良好,上唇及鼻部畸形得到明显矫正.结论 本方法适用于上唇过紧、组织缺损明显、鼻小柱短小、鼻背低平、鼻孔扁阔的双侧唇裂术后继发畸形患者;但手术须分2期进行,不适合于上唇组织量充足、鼻畸形不明显的患者.     

下唇动脉弓岛状红唇瓣修复上唇红唇缺损

目的探讨双侧唇裂术后继发上唇红唇部分缺损畸形的修复方法。方法采用下唇动脉弓为血管蒂的移位岛状红唇瓣,一次手术修复上唇部分红唇缺损,红唇瓣面积最小为1.5cm×1.5cm,最大为1.5cm×2.0cm的楔形。结果自1993年以来,应用本术式修复上唇的红唇缺损15例,成活良好,外观满意。结论应用下唇动脉弓岛状红唇瓣,修复双侧先天性唇裂术后继发上唇红唇组织缺损畸形,具有较强的适应证。     

双侧唇裂术后继发唇鼻畸形的治疗

目的:评价和探讨双侧唇裂术后继发唇鼻畸形的整复矫治方法。方法:将23例患者按唇畸形、鼻畸形的不同,分别采用三种不同的术式治疗。对上唇及鼻畸形较轻者,采用上唇瘢痕切除,口轮匝肌重建,V-Y成形、Z成形术或双侧肌蒂红唇肌粘膜瓣向中间推进矫正红唇口哨畸形;对唇鼻畸形较严重但上唇组织较多者,采用鼻底叉形瓣延长鼻小柱进行矫治;对唇鼻畸形严重并有上唇过紧者,采用前唇组织瓣延长鼻小柱,下唇带蒂组织瓣(Abbé瓣)旋转修复上唇正中缺损。结果:23例患者中,17例效果满意,5例患者有明显改进,1例不满意。结论:本文介绍的三种术式适用于不同类型双侧唇裂术后唇鼻畸形的患者。     

单侧唇裂继发畸形的美学修复

目的 探讨单侧唇裂继发畸形与I期手术方式选择的关系,以及进行唇裂继发畸形美学修复的策略.方法 选择单侧继发唇裂120例,根据I期采用的不同术式进行分组,对唇裂畸形进行观察和分析,采用个体化设计,进行美学修复.对采用Millard、Tennison、矩形瓣及上三角瓣法的单侧唇裂继发畸形修复后,观察上唇人中窝形念、瘢痕、唇峰形态的恢复.结果 显示原采用Millard方法、上三角瓣方法优于Tennison方法和矩形瓣方法.Ⅱ期修复术后效果满意.结论 单侧唇裂I期采用的手术方式对继发畸形的程度和修复有显著影响.     

以双蒂下唇动脉岛状唇瓣行上唇唇红增厚术

目的总结应用双蒂下唇动脉岛状唇红瓣修复上唇过薄畸形的手术经验。方法1997年3月~2005年3月治疗上唇过薄畸形7例,男2例,女5例。年龄16~23岁。其中先天性双侧唇裂术后继发畸形5例,唇部血管瘤同位素治疗后继发唇萎缩2例。岛状唇瓣长度相当于整个下唇,最宽处为0.5~0.8cm。于下唇制作以双侧下唇动脉为营养血管蒂的岛状唇红瓣,移位修复上唇唇红组织缺损。其中5例于术后3~6个月后再次行唇弓、唇珠、人中等成形或改形术。结果术后唇瓣全部成活,伤口期愈合,7d拆线。随访1~3年,上唇唇红丰满,唇瓣色泽良好,美容标志明显;下唇瘢痕不明显,功能不受影响。上下唇协调、美观。结论双蒂下唇动脉岛状皮瓣修复上唇唇红组织缺损,设计合理,实用性强,效果可靠,值得推广应用。     

单侧完全性唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形的一次性修复

目的：介绍一种综合术式一次性整体矫正单侧完全性唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形的方法。方法：采用一针法鼻小柱鼻翼脚复位固定，以缩窄以平齐鼻底；穹隆MT瓣成形术改善鼻孔形状；带侧翼鼻假体隆鼻突出鼻部立体感和加高鼻翼；上唇M瓣成形修整唇红缘重建唇弓；双侧口角为蒂的唇黏膜瓣或下唇瓦合式黏膜瓣修复上唇唇红过薄、过短或部分缺损。结果：单侧完全性唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形21例，随访10例3个月至1年，外观和效果满意。结论：应用一针法鼻小柱鼻翼脚复位加MT成形术和双蒂唇黏膜瓣移植等术式是值得推荐的一种一次性整体修复继发鼻唇畸形的方法。     

应用鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂

目的应用改进的鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂,以获得更加良好的上唇外形.方法对单侧不完全性唇裂的首次手术,于患侧鼻底部设计三角皮瓣转移下降上唇,白唇部裂隙切口直线缝合.结果 66例患者修复后上唇外形良好,双侧上唇高度对称,人中形状完整.结论鼻底三角瓣法适用于单侧不完全性唇裂的修复.     

榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形

目的探讨榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形的疗效。方法 2009年1月-2011年8月,收治43例单侧唇裂修复术后继发人中嵴畸形患者。男23例,女20例;年龄18～31岁,平均23.6岁。左侧26例,右侧17例。唇裂采用MillardⅠ式修复15例,MillardⅡ式修复28例。唇裂修复术至此次手术时间为15～30年,平均21.7年。术中切取双侧口轮匝肌肌瓣,水平分成上、下两层;双侧下层肌瓣相互重叠缝合,上层肌瓣形成榫卯型结构,缝合于皮下。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。40例患者获随访,随访时间6～34个月,平均13.4个月。双侧人中嵴隆起、对称,人中凹形态接近正常,上唇动态效果满意。术后6个月38例明显改善,2例改善不明显。结论榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣手术操作简便,修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形能较好恢复解剖结构,术后获得良好上唇外形和功能。     

唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法

目的为唇裂患者塑造一个正常唇的美好形态。改进现在常用的手术对人中嵴、人中窝和朱缘弓这三个重要美容结构的塑造中的缺欠,使修复后的上唇丰满、松动。方法在鼻小柱裂侧面形成一个矩形瓣,将其与人中一起垂直下降,补充裂侧唇人中的长度不足和保持朱缘弓在下降的正常位。结果 3年来,共用新法修复单侧唇裂23例,双侧唇裂9例,继发唇裂畸形14例。都没有常用方法的缺点。结论唇裂的鼻小柱侧面皮瓣修复法是较常用手术更符合整形外科从隐蔽处采取组织来修复组织缺损的原则的新方法,可以取得更好的形态效果。     

应用鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂

目的　应用改进的鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂 ,以获得更加良好的上唇外形。方法　对单侧不完全性唇裂的首次手术 ,于患侧鼻底部设计三角皮瓣转移下降上唇 ,白唇部裂隙切口直线缝合。结果　 6 6例患者修复后上唇外形良好 ,双侧上唇高度对称 ,人中形状完整。结论　鼻底三角瓣法适用于单侧不完全性唇裂的修复     

Flag flap - Kite flap Dorsal metacarpal flap

The flag flap is a pedicled dorsal digital flap, combining a skin paddle (the “flag”) and a vascular pedicle (the flag “pole”). Its vascularisation depends on the dorsal metacarpal arteries (DMCA). It has been described in 1963, by Holevitch [1] with harvest of a cutaneovascular pole; it has been brilliantly modified in 1979 by Foucher et al. [2–4] under the form of a unipedicled “kite” flap, although we would like to point out that Vilain has been using it since 1952 [5]. Usually harvested from the dorsum of the metacarpophalangeal region of the index finger, this flap is reliable, but it is more uncertain and less movable at the level of the other digits. Owing to its small size, it proves useful in hand traumatology because it does not sacrifice any major vascular axis. The kite flap is considered as a sensory flap (presence of a nerve supply) with a two-point discrimination, which can be assessed from 11 to 16 mm [1–6].     

Upper transverse rectus abdominis flap: the flag flap

A flap is described that consists of skin from the upper abdomen, based on the ipsilateral rectus muscle and fed by the inferior epigastric vessel (the " flag flap"). The flap has an arc of rotation of 360 degrees, and its safety appears to be equal, and perhaps superior, to the lower transverse rectus abdominis flap. In addition, the " flag flap" avoids the potential disadvantage of creating a hernia below the semicircular line in the lower abdomen. The secondary defect is also acceptable. In all cases direct closure was possible by performing a reverse type of abdominoplasty and placing the scar at the submammary fold. The flap has been used in 8 patients for coverage of postradiation and postexcisional tumor defects in the lower trunk and extremities. The complications have been few, although it is not advised that the flap be used for reconstruction of the upper chest area by stretching the pedicle.     

Transformation of the glabellar flap into an island flap

Summary Glabellar flaps have traditionally been used to cover nasal skin and soft tissue defects. The narrowing of its vascular pedicle to the cutaneous arterial branch of the angular artery categorizing it as an axial flap pattern. Three cases are presented, the first of which typifies the standard glabellar flap with an intact skin and subcutaneous pedicle. The other two cases utilize a glabellar island flap based on a subcutaneous pedicle containing cutaneous arterial branch of the angular artery. This technique extends the mobility of this flap to allow one-stage reconstruction of adjacent defects.     

Modified bilateral advancement flap: the slide-in flap.

The bilateral V-Y advancement flaps are used commonly in the closure of circular skin defects. We modified the standard bilateral V-Y advancement flap technique to reduce the tension along the closure, and used it in 10 patients between 1995 and 1997. In the presence of a circular defect, bilateral V-Y advancement flaps were marked on the skin, with the height of the V flaps measuring 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the defect. The limbs of the V were not drawn as straight lines, but were curved outward slightly, making the flap and its two extensions broader than the standard V-Y flap. The broad extensions of the V flaps encircled the defect from above and below. Skin incisions were made vertically down to the muscle fascia. Additional undermining was carried out to elevate the upper and lower extensions of the V flaps for a distance that equaled the radius of the defect. The upper and lower extensions of the V flap on one side were transposed into the defect and sutured to the concave base of the opposing flap V flap at its midpoint. These extensions were then sutured to each other. The extensions of the opposing V flap were then transposed into the defect; the upper being superior and the lower being inferior to the extensions of the first flap. The rest of the operation was completed by advancement of the V flaps and closure in a Y configuration. The efficient redistribution of available tissue by the combined use of transposition and advancement principles resulted in the repair of relatively large skin defects with reduced tension along the closure. Satisfactory results were obtained in all patients in this series without any surgical complication.     

介绍一种桡动脉皮瓣切取新技术

<正>前臂桡动脉皮瓣自杨果凡等首次报道以来,在临床应用较为广泛。该皮瓣具有较薄、柔软、血运丰富、血管蒂长以及口径粗等优点。然而其最大的缺点是供区裸露。为了解决这个问题,Kajikawa等报道一种新的桡动脉皮瓣切取方法(见Plast Reconstr Surg,2009;123(1):284-287),使供区的外形明显改善,现介绍如下。     

掌背动脉逆行皮瓣及复合组织瓣的临床回顾性研究

目的 探讨用掌背动脉皮瓣及复合组织瓣修复手指组织缺损的临床效果。方法 对122例病例用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣及复合组织瓣的临床应用做一回顾性分析。对手术病例就其手术适应证、组织供血特点、静脉回流方式、复合组织移植的种类及远期疗效进行总结和分析。结果 122例皮瓣及复合组织瓣术后均成活，受区手指外形及功能均满意；手背供区外形及功能正常。结论 掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣及复合组织瓣是修复手指软组织和功能重建的较为理想的手术方法，具有临床推广应用价值。     

穿支皮瓣修复（坶）甲瓣供区皮肤缺损

目的 报道胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣修复（坶）甲瓣供区的临床效果.方法 对25例（坶）甲瓣供区皮肤缺损患者,设计并切取游离胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为8 cm×3 cm～10 cm×5 cm.结果 应用胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣修复（坶）甲瓣供区创面25例,均顺利成活.随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,弹性及耐磨性好,色泽接近正常,供受区功能与外观良好.结论 胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣是精细化修复（坶）甲瓣供区创面的一种有效方法.