克罗恩病的诊治进展

本文简介了克罗恩病的流行病学、发病因素和临床表现,评析了各种诊断方法和方法的选择,重点介绍了各种药物治疗的进展,对克罗恩病的临床诊治很有帮助。     

克罗恩病２０例临床诊治体会

克罗恩病(Ｃｒｏｈｎ’ｓＤｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＣＤ)是一种病因未明的消化道慢性肉芽肿性炎症性肠病,好发于末段回肠及邻近结肠,临床表现复杂,诊断较为困难,易造成误诊漏诊。现将本院确诊的20例患者的临床资料报道如下。临床资料1.一般情况:20例患者,男性13例,女性7例,年龄20～76岁,平均年龄为40.5岁,入院前病程短者7ｄ,长者3年。确诊时间平均1.76年,半年至1年14例,2年以上6例,手术治疗9例,内科治疗11例。本组20例均经手术、病理、结肠镜及钡剂灌肠明确诊断(手术加病理9例,结肠镜加病理检查16例,Ｘ线造影7例)。住院期间临床痊愈8例(手术切除病变…     

克罗恩病20例临床分析

目的探讨克罗恩病的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法对20例克罗恩病进行回顾性分析。结果多以腹痛、腹泻、消化道出血、长期发热、消瘦、腹块为临床表现，有的合并肠外表现，病变以回肠末端最多见，表现为肠管狭窄、僵硬，局部粘膜粗糙、充血水肿、糜烂，病变呈节段性改变，中间粘膜正常。病理有非干酪样肉芽肿形成或炎细胞浸润，累及肠壁全层，局部形成溃疡，有时可见裂隙。治疗缓解9例，好转5例，无效2例，手术复发3例。结论临床表现缺乏特异性，内镜、影像联合活检，加强临床与病理医师沟通是及时和正确诊断的关键。治疗宜个体化选择方案，以皮质类固醇及水杨酸为一线药物，手术具有积极意义，但容易复发。     

克罗恩病合并瘘管的治疗

瘘管是克罗恩病(CD)的常见症状之一.其诊断与治疗方法虽然有多种,但效果往往欠佳,并通常需要外科干预.生物制剂的应用为瘘管的治疗带来了新的希望.此文对近年来CD瘘管诊治方法的研究进展进行综述.     

克罗恩病合并瘘管的治疗

瘘管是克罗恩病（CD）的常见症状之一。其诊断与治疗方法虽然有多种,但效果往往欠佳,并通常需要外科干预。生物制剂的应用为瘘管的治疗带来了新的希望。此文对近年来CD瘘管诊治方法的研究进展进行综述。     

食管克罗恩病二例

例 1　 患者男 ,2 8岁。胸骨后疼痛 8个月 ,近 2个月来进食加重而来我院诊治。病史中无腹痛、腹泻 ,大小便正常。既往健康。体检 :体温 36 8℃ ,脉搏 78次 ,血压 12 0 / 6 8ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ =0 .133ｋＰａ)。神清 ,有消瘦和轻度贫血貌。心肺无异常。腹平软 ,肝脾未扪及。化验检查 :白细胞 4 7×10 9/Ｌ ,中性 0 6 6 ,淋巴 0 33,血红蛋白 82ｇ/Ｌ。肝肾功能正常。Ｘ线钡餐检查胃、小肠、结肠无器质性改变。电子胃镜检查可见食管中段 8 0ｃｍ长的纵行裂隙样溃疡 ,深 1 0ｃｍ ,伴管腔轻度狭窄 ,黏膜隆起 ,凹凸不平 ,且有卵石样改变 ,表面…     

克罗恩病诊断和治疗要点

近年来克罗恩病（CD）的发病率在我国似有增高的趋势，其诊断和治疗均有一定难度，需临床医师有足够的认识。     

上消化道克罗恩病的特征和诊治现状及展望

炎症性肠病（IBD）,包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）,是西方国家（尤其是欧洲和北美）的一大健康问题和医疗卫生负担。CD 作为一种胃肠道的慢性炎性肉芽肿性疾病,可累及全消化道,但以回肠、结肠多见,只有小部分患者（1％～5％）有上消化道累及,其中胃部最易累及,其次是十二指肠、食管、口腔、咽。此文旨在总结上消化道从口腔至十二指肠各个部位 CD 的特征、诊治现状及展望。     

克罗恩病的中医诊治思路

本文简介了克罗恩病的中医病因、病机、诊断和治疗;强调了中医辨证的要点、分型及辨证论治的原则、方药和方法,对临床诊治具有指导作用。     

辽宁地区汉族人群克罗恩病的疾病行为分析

目的 研究辽宁地区中国人群克罗恩病(CD)的疾病行为.方法 回顾性分析1965年-2007年185例住院CD患者的临床表现、影像学特点、病理及手术所见,并采用蒙特利尔分型.结果 185例CD患者以17～40岁为发病高峰(53.0%).CD病变部位以回结肠(L3)最为多见,占43.8%,其次为结肠(L2)和末端回肠(L1),单独发生于上消化道(L4)的仅2例.CD疾病行为以狭窄型(B2)最常见,占47.0%,穿透型发病率较国内外报道为高,其中肠穿孔19例,穿壁性炎症7例,内外瘘管22例.185例患者共进行104次手术,术中所见显示肠壁增厚严重,有的呈肿块样堵塞肠腔.在增殖性病变的肠段上可见大小、形态各异的溃疡和穿孔,肠管与腹膜或邻近脏器常有粘连,形成团块这些均能加深对CD疾病行为的了解.结论 辽宁地区CD的疾病行为大多以B2、B3合并症的形式出现,尤其穿透型发病率高.因此临床上应结合症状、内镜、CT等综合判断,才能得出正确诊断.     

Imaging of perianal Crohn''s disease

Perianal fistulas and abscesses are common complications of Crohn's disease, affecting up to 50% of patients during their disease course. Accurate diagnosis and classification of perianal disease is crucial before and during treatment to plan an adequate approach for each patient and to avoid irreversible functional consequences. Although examination under anaesthesia has been considered the gold standard for diagnosis and classification of Crohn's disease perianal fistulas, taken alone it does not have perfect accuracy, stressing the need for concomitant or alternative, non-invasive, methods of evaluation. In this context, imaging modalities assessed for diagnosis, classification and monitoring of Crohn's disease perianal fistulas include pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, anorectal endoscopic ultrasonography, transcutaneous perianal ultrasound, fistulography and computed tomography. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography findings have shown the best accuracy, and the ability to influence therapeutic management of these patients. For transcutaneous perianal ultrasound too, good preliminary data have been reported. This paper reviews the available data on imaging methods for the management of perianal Crohn's disease.     

Surgical therapy of perianal Crohn''s disease

The surgical management of perianal Crohn's disease is complex with a wide range of operations being described. The initial emergency treatment is to drain any source of underlying sepsis. A loose seton drainage or a defunctioning stoma can then be used as a 'bridge' to definitive treatment allowing both adequate assessment of the condition and preventing further sepsis. The likelihood of success of any surgical repair must be weighed against the risk of faecal incontinence. Improved results of a local surgical repair are seen with optimal surgical and medical management of perianal Crohn's disease.     

The natural history of perianal Crohn''s disease

Perianal lesions are exceedingly common in Crohn's disease and many patients have more than one type of lesion. Skin tags, fissures and haemorrhoids may persist over time and are usually managed expectantly or with topical therapy. Perianal and rectovaginal fistulas and associated abscesses often require both local and systemic therapy, and recurrence is common. In general, the clinical course of Crohn's disease is more aggressive in patients with perianal involvement. Established risk factors for perianal disease include colonic disease and young age at disease onset. Classification schema now recognize perianal fistulas as distinct from other forms of penetrating Crohn's disease. Genetic susceptibility factors for perianal disease may exist, but they remain incompletely delineated at present. There is hope that immunosuppressive and biotechnology medications will influence the natural history of perianal disease by preventing invasive surgeries, disease complications and recurrence, but this needs to be confirmed. Cancer, a rare complication of perianal disease, must be suspected when lesions persist despite therapy.     

克罗恩病肛瘘的诊断与治疗

克罗恩病并发肛瘘经过数年的发展会损伤肛门括约肌. 细致的肛管直肠检查能正确评价脓肿和肛瘘. 理想的治疗方法是选择合适药物与外科手术相结合. 伴有胃肠道炎症的患者必须结合药物治疗. 低位单纯性肛瘘可采用瘘管切开术, 复杂性肛瘘患者必须个体化治疗. 然而,选择正确的手术方法和药物治疗比较困难. 现就克罗恩肛瘘的诊断与治疗进行阐述.     

Diagnosis and treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn disease.

Perianal fistulas occur in up to 43% of patients with Crohn disease. Diagnostic evaluation to determine the location and type of fistulas and the presence or absence of rectal inflammation is required. A combined medical and surgical approach to the management of such patients is the optimal treatment plan. Perianal abscesses must be drained. Superficial, low transsphincteric, and low intersphincteric fistulas are usually treated with fistulotomy and antibiotics. High transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, and extrasphincteric fistulas are usually treated with noncutting setons, antibiotics, and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine and, in many cases, infliximab.     

Diagnostic and treatment recommendations on perianal Crohn's disease.

Treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease should be defined on an individual basis. A combined medical and surgical approach is the optimal treatment. Adequate management of perianal fistula disease is based on the presence or absence of active proctitis, anatomic location, and fistula type. Furthermore, the presence of perianal abscesses must be ruled out. This evaluation includes digital rectal examination, endoscopy, and examination under anesthesia combined with pelvic magnetic resonance imaging or anorectal endoscopy ultrasonography findings.     

Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn''s disease

A controlled clinical study on disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) at a dose of 800 mg per day versus placebo was carried out in 141 patients with ulcerative colitis and 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Those of the ulcerative colitis patients who had been on sulphasalazine treatment continued that treatment during the trial (101 patients). Forty patients were intolerant of sulphasalazine. No patient received steroids during the last month before the study. Patients with Crohn's disease had their possible sulphasalazine treatment stopped before the trial. No beneficial effect of DSCG as compared with placebo was found, as the DSCG and the placebo group showed the same number of relapses in patients with a clinically inactive ulcerative colitis at the start of the trial and the same number of patients improving, deteriorating, and maintaining steady state in patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis at the start of the trial. There was no difference between relapse rate in DSCG and placebo groups in patients with Crohn's disease. No correlation between the eosinophil count in rectal mucosa and the outcome of the attack of ulcerative colitis could be demonstrated.