3.0 T三维时间飞跃法MRA评价Willis环变异的价值

目的 探讨3.0T 三维时间飞跃法(3D-TOF)磁共振血管成像术(MRA)评价Willis环变异的价值.方法 回顾性分析63例大脑Willis环,变异但无明显脑部病变及血管病变的3D-TOFMRA图像,统计分析各组成动脉的变异情况.结果 63例MRA图像显示大脑前动脉变异占74.60%,大脑后交通动脉-大脑后动脉复合变异占26.98%,大脑前交通动脉的显示率53.97%,大脑后交通动脉的显示率58.73%.结论 3.0T 3D-TOF MRA是尤创性评价Willis环变异的有效方法 .     

前交通动脉瘤应用解剖学研究

目的:探讨前交通动脉及其毗邻解剖结构,以期为前交通动脉瘤的诊断和治疗提供解剖学依据.方法:32例甲醛固定成人头颅,以红色乳胶灌注颈内动脉和椎动脉,解剖前交通动脉及其分支血管,对其位置、形态、走行、分支血管及毗邻结构等进行观察和测量.结果:前交通动脉变异较多,可分为单干型、双干型、"Y"型以及网状型,单干型前交通动脉仅占56.25%;前交通动脉的长度平均为(3.84±1.33)mm,管径平均为(1.56±0.43)mm,分支平均为(3.47±1.25)支,分支管径平均为(0.31±0.14)mm;大脑前动脉A1段左、右比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),前交通动脉走行、管径和分支与大脑前动脉A1段关系密切.结论:前交通动脉及其毗邻解剖结构复杂,可能与前交通动脉瘤的发生有关,在临床诊疗中应加以注意.     

脑分水岭梗死的临床研究

目的探讨脑分水岭梗死(CWI)的类型和临床特点。方法分析238例经头颅CT或磁共振成像(MRI)证实的脑分水岭梗死的临床资料和影像学改变。结果皮层前型81例,占34.0%,病灶在大脑前动脉和大脑中动脉供血交界区,呈楔型,临床表现偏瘫、经皮层性运动性失语、智能减退等症状。皮层后型92例,占38.6%,病灶在大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉供血的交界区,呈楔型,临床表现为轻偏瘫、情感淡漠为主要表现。皮层下型65例,占27.3%,病灶在大脑中动脉皮层支和深穿支的边缘带,常位于侧脑室额角后外方和基底节区,呈长条状、三角形。结论脑分水岭梗死的临床表现复杂,诊断主要依据头颅CT、MRI。     

CT血管造影预测颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的价值

目的 探讨CT血管造影（CTA）预测颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的价值。方法 回顾性选取四川省简阳市人民医院2019年4月至2022年4月收治的85例颅内动脉瘤患者作为研究对象,分析患者临床资料,根据数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查结果分为无破裂出血组（n=40,颅内动脉瘤无破裂出血）、破裂出血组（n=45,颅内动脉瘤破裂出血）。所有患者入院后均行CTA检查,比较两组患者动脉瘤分布情况（大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑前动脉、后交通动脉、前交通动脉、椎动脉颅内段、基底动脉）,并分析两组患者瘤颈宽度、瘤体长度、入射夹角、动脉瘤体颈比。绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析瘤颈宽度、瘤体长度、入射夹角、动脉瘤体颈比对颅内动脉瘤破裂风险的预测价值,确定曲线下面积（AUC）、最佳截断值与敏感度、特异度。经Kappa检验分析CTA与DSA诊断的一致性。结果 破裂出血组大脑中动脉瘤、后交通动脉瘤占比分别为26.67%、20.00%,高于无破裂出血组的7.50%、5.00%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。破裂出血组前交通动脉瘤占比为8.89%,低于无破裂出血组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义（P<0....     

360例颅内动脉瘤的术中夹闭技术分析

目的：分析360例颅内动脉瘤组患者术中临床资料，总结各种类型颅内动脉瘤显微手术夹闭技巧。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月手术治疗的360例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料，前交通动脉瘤135例，后交通动脉瘤105例，颈内动脉眼动脉瘤15例，大脑前动脉瘤12例，大脑中动脉瘤69例，基底动脉瘤6例，小脑后下动脉瘤6例，脉络膜动脉瘤12例。采用夹闭方式：瘤颈单纯直接夹闭、瘤颈瘤体电凝塑形后夹闭、多瘤夹技术夹闭、联合方式夹闭及其他类。结果采用瘤颈单纯直接夹闭占37.2%，采用瘤颈瘤体电凝塑形后夹闭占35.2%，采用多瘤夹技术夹闭占13.1%，联合方式夹闭占11.4%，其它类3.1%。360例患者出院时 GOS 预后评分恢复良好273例，轻残57例、重残18例、死亡10例、植物状态2例。结论手术治疗颅内动脉瘤可获得满意效果，术中如何夹闭动脉瘤主要依动脉瘤的形态、部位等多因素而定，术中应尽可能预防术后并发症的发生。     

大脑中动脉M1段和M2段显微解剖及临床应用

目的研究大脑中动脉M1段和M2段显微解剖及临床应用。方法 15例(30侧)颅脑标本经动脉和静脉灌注红色和蓝色乳胶后按翼点入路暴露大脑中动脉M1段和M2段,在显微镜下进行观察并拍照。临床手术夹闭20例大脑中动脉瘤。结果 M1段,30侧半球均存在颞早分支,10侧半球存在额早分支,10侧半球同时存在颞早和额早分支,岛阈处分叉占90%,岛阈前分叉占3.3%,岛阈后分叉占6.7%。M2段,双干型占90%,三干型为10%,中央沟动脉沿岛叶中央沟走行。20例动脉瘤患者,术后13例预后良好,肢体轻瘫6例,死亡1例。结论熟练掌握大脑中动脉M1段和M2段显微解剖有助于手术治疗大脑中动脉瘤,减少术后并发症。     

血糖水平对脑梗塞的影响

为探索血糖水平对脑梗塞预后的影响 ,以及糖尿病合并脑梗塞类型的特点 ,本文对我院 1997年 5月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月收治的 12 5例脑梗塞患者分组对照研究如下。资料和方法　 12 5例脑梗塞均符合全国第四次脑血管病学术会议制定的诊断标准 ,并经ＣＴ证实。按有无糖尿病分为两组 :一、糖尿病组 39例 ,均按 1985年ＷＨＯ标准确诊为Ⅱ型糖尿病 ,其中多发性腔隙性脑梗塞 30例 (占 76 9% ) ,大脑前动脉梗塞 1例 (占 2 6 % ) ,大脑中动脉梗塞 7例 (占17 9% ) ,大脑后动脉梗塞 1例 (占 2 6 % ) ,根据入院时血糖水平将上述病例分为 3组 (见附表 ) ;二…     

老年人动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血115例回顾性分析

目的 研究老年人动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的发病特点。方法 将2013年1月至2017年3月铜陵市人民医院收治的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血115例病人按年龄分为两组,即老年组(年龄≥60岁)与非老年组(年龄＜60岁),收集相关资料,回顾性分析两组病人动脉瘤的一般发病特点。结果 115例病人中,载瘤动脉集中分布于大脑中动脉、前交通动脉、后交通动脉,分别为19例(16.5%)、38例(33.0%)、41例(35.7%)。老年组后交通动脉瘤占比(51%)高于非老年组(23.4%),大脑中动脉瘤占比(7.8%)低于非老年组(23.4%),均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);老年组前交通动脉瘤占比(27.5%)与非老年组(37.5%)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。老年组中以女性发病为主(72.5%,P＜0.05)。两组病人动脉瘤直径、入院时改良Fisher分级、Hunt-Hess(H-H)分级、病死率、出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS)均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),GOS为因变量的二元logistic回归分析中,只有H-H分级为评估病人预后的预测因子,呈负相关关系(P＜0.05)。 结论 H-H分级应该可以成为评估动脉瘤病人预后的可靠指标。老年人动脉瘤病人以女性多见,载瘤动脉主要多见于后交通动脉。老年人起病及预后较非老年病人无明显区别,当其H-H分级Ⅳ级及以下时,均应积极进行治疗,年龄不应为临床医师首要考虑的因素。     

脑分水岭梗死68例临床诊治分析

目的探讨脑分水岭梗死的发病因素、临床特征、影像学检查及治疗。方法对68例脑分水岭梗死的患者进行回顾性分析。结果68例患者中,皮质前型20例,占29．4％;病灶在大脑前动脉和大脑中动脉供血交界区,呈楔型,临床表现为偏瘫、皮质运动性失语、智能减退等。皮质后型27例,占39．7％;病灶在大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉供血的交界区,呈楔型,临床表现为偏盲、轻偏瘫、皮质感觉障碍。皮质下型21例,占30．9％;病灶在大脑中动脉皮层支和深穿支供血的交界区,呈三角形或长条状,临床表现为轻偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍。结论脑分水岭梗死临床表现复杂,诊断主要依靠头颅CT、MRI,一旦明确诊断,在常规治疗脑梗死的基础上,还应针对病因进行治疗,对颈动脉狭窄或闭塞者给予介入治疗,并进行高血压、高血糖及高脂血症的干预。     

20例脑前循环系统动脉瘤显微手术临床分析

脑前循环系统主要由大脑前动脉、前交通动脉、大脑中动脉及后交通动脉组成 ,它约占颅内动脉瘤的 87%～ 97%左右 [1 ] 。由于该系统动脉瘤部位深、变异多 ,周围有重要结构 ,加上该系统动脉瘤生长方向变化多 ,术前病人情况均较重 ,使手术治疗难度大、危险性高 ,我科自 1998年以来收治 2 7例前循环系统动脉瘤中经显微手术 2 0例 2 3个动脉瘤 ,现报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　一般资料 :男 9例 ,女 11例 ;平均年龄 4 4 .2 (33～ 6 5 )岁 ,其中 4 0～ 6 5岁者 14例占 70 %。临床表现 :突发头痛、恶心、呕吐 19例 ;发病后出现一侧上睑下垂 2例 ,反…     

彩色多普勒超声对Willis环侧支循环的研究

目的应用彩色多普勒超声评价健康成人Willis环侧支循环的功能及分析男、女之间的差异。方法选择286例健康成人,采用经颅多普勒血流成像（TCCDFI）及超声造影成像技术（CEUS）,观察颅内动脉走行及血流方向。并通过压迫颈总动脉（CCA）,观察大脑前动脉（ACA）的血流方向变化及大脑后动脉（PCA）的血流速度变化,分别评价Willis环前、后交通动脉侧支循环功能。结果286例健康成人中,TCCDFI颅内动脉清晰显示的213例,其中,男性118例,女性95例,另73例颅内动脉未成功显示的成人中,男、女各选10例行CEUS后能清晰显示。男、女性经TCCDFI及CEUS清晰显示颅内动脉的128、105例中,前交通动脉功能开放男111例（86．7％）、女88例（83．8％）,后交通动脉左侧男40例（31．2％）、女35例（33．3％）,右侧男43例（33．6％）、女36例（34．3％）,男、女性之间交通动脉开放率差异无统计学意义（JD〉0．05）。结论TCCDFI及CEUS能实时观察颅内动脉走行及血流方向,评价前、后交通动脉侧支循环功能,男、女性前、后交通动脉存在的侧支循环比率无显著差异。     

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study with anapsos in senile dementia: effects on cognition, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral hemodynamics

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of anapsos in comparison with placebo on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity pattern and cerebral hemodynamic parameters in patients with mild to moderate senile dementia of vascular type and Alzheimer type. Forty-five patients (age 73.8 +/- 7.6 years; range 56-89 years) with mild to moderate senile dementia (Global Deterioration Scale: stages 3-5) of the vascular (VD; n = 22) or the Alzheimer type (AD; n = 23) were included in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. After a 2-week period of drug washout, patients were treated with placebo (n = 15; age 72.7 +/- 7.5 years), 360 mg/day of anapsos (n = 15; age 75.5 +/- 7.2 years), or 720 mg/day of anapsos (n = 15; age 73 +/- 7.7 years) for 4 weeks (28 days). At baseline and after the 4-week period of double-blind treatment, cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity power and blood flow hemodynamics in the middle cerebral arteries were evaluated with ADAScog, brain mapping and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Patients receiving 360 mg/day of anapsos showed a significant improvement in cognitive performance after treatment (ADAScog scores: p < 0.05) that was not observed in patients treated with placebo or 720 mg/day of anapsos. As compared to placebo, anapsos (360 mg/day) induced a significant improvement in ADAScog scores in mild senile dementia patients (p < 0.01) and in the subset of patients with AD (p < 0.05). Anapsos (360 mg/day) also increased cerebral blood flow velocities in left and right middle cerebral arteries in the subgroup of AD patients, whereas with the dose of 720 mg/kg this increase was only observed in the left side. Patients treated with anapsos (360 mg/day) showed a decrease in relative delta power and an increase in relative theta and alpha brain bioelectrical activity frequencies, indicating an acceleration of the EEG pattern. The present results show that anapsos (360 mg/day) improves cognitive performance, cerebral blood perfusion and brain bioelectrical activity in patients with senile dementia. These effects of anapsos were more marked in demented patients with mild mental deterioration and/or with dementia of the Alzheimer type.     

Angiographic studies on the effects of a novel calcium antagonist AE0047 on cerebral arteries in dogs, with special reference to the preventive effects of AE0047 on cerebral vasoconstriction induced by endothelin

AE0047, a novel calcium antagonist, has mild and long-acting hypotensive effects. This drug also has more selective dilating action on cerebral arteries than on other systemic ones. We studied the cerebral vasodilatative effects of AE0047 by means of vertebral angiography in anesthetized dogs. Vertebral blood flow (VBF) was significantly increased by 91, 139 and 132% in 10, 30 and 60 min after intravenous administration of AE0047 at 30 micrograms/kg, respectively. No difference in vasodilating action was observed among basilar, posterior communicating, middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. In basilar artery, the dilatative rate was about 30% between 10 and 60 min after injection of AE0047. Following intravertebral administration of endothelin at 100 pmol/kg, small vessels of the cerebral artery were constricted, and VBF was gradually decreased. AE0047 eliminated the vasoconstriction and increased VBF. Moreover, the vasoconstrictive effect of endothelin was prevented by pre-treatment of AE0047. These results indicate that AE0047 has potent vasodilating and spasmolytic actions on cerebral arteries.     

牵引配合温针对颈性眩晕患者脑血流状态的影响观察

目的 探讨牵引配合温针治疗颈性眩晕对脑血流状态的改善作用。方法 对53例颈性眩晕患者在牵引配合温针治疗20次前后的经颅多普勒（TCD）检测结果进行对比分析。结果 治疗后与治疗前比较，除左侧大脑前动脉外，双侧大脑中、大脑后及右侧大脑前动脉平均血流速度均显著降低（P〈0．01）；双侧椎动脉均较治疗前的平均血流速度有明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论 牵引配合温针治疗可双向调整颅内动脉异常的血流速度，从而达到改善和治疗颈性眩晕之目的。     

Neurogenic cerebral vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide

In cerebral arteries isolated from most of mammals, nerve stimulation produces relaxations in contrast to contractions in peripheral arteries. The relaxant mechanism is found to be non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic, but the neurotransmitter is not clarified until recently. Based on several functional and histological studies with isolated cerebral arteries, nitric oxide (NO) is now considered to be a neurotransmitter of the vasodilator nerve and the nerve has been called a nitroxidergic (nitrergic) nerve. Upon neural excitation, calcium influxed through N-type Ca2+ channels activates neuronal NO synthase, and then NO is produced by the enzyme from L-arginine. The released NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells, resulting in relaxation with a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism. The functional role and neuronal pathway have also been investigated in anesthetized dogs and Japanese monkeys. The nitroxidergic (nitrergic) nerves innervating the circulus arteriosus, including the anterior and middle cerebral and posterior communicating arteries, are found to be postganglionic nerves originated from the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion and tonically dilate cerebral arteries in the resting condition. Our findings suggest that the nitroxidergic (nitrergic) nerve plays a physiologically important role to maintain a steady blood supply to the brain.     

Heterogeneous vasomotor responses of anatomically distinct feline cerebral arteries.

1. The vasomotor reactivity to a number of neurotransmitters and blood-borne substances was evaluated in several anatomically distinct arteries of the cat cerebral circulation. Few regional differences were observed in their vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha. Only the anterior cerebral artery reacted strongly to all vasoconstrictor agents. 2. Adenosine, acetylcholine and histamine induced pronounced relaxation in the vast majority of the major cerebral arteries. The relaxation elicited by adenosine showed a slight degree of heterogeneity between the arteries and the overall response accounted for 81 +/- 6% of the pharmacologically-induced tone. On the other hand, the dilatation induced by acetylcholine and histamine varied as a function of the anatomical localization of the cerebral arteries. The acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation was significantly more pronounced in the middle cerebral, anterior communicating and anterior cerebellar arteries, with respective responses of 72, 66 and 83% of the induced tone as compared to 43% in the other vessels. However, all arteries were equally sensitive to acetylcholine with an overall mean pD2 value of 7.47 +/- 0.06. The most heterogeneous results were obtained with histamine and applied both to the magnitude of the maximal response and the sensitivity of the various arteries to this amine. The intensity of the relaxation varied from 20% (anterior communicating artery) to 118% (posterior cerebellar artery). 3. Among the neuropeptides studied, substance P and bradykinin were considerably less potent than vasoactive intestinal peptide on all the cerebral arteries. The least responsive vessel to bradykinin was the anterior cerebral artery with a maximal response of 22 +/- 5% of the induced-tone and a pD2 value of 7.56 +/- 0.24. All vessels responded weakly to substance P and those from the vertebrobasilar circulation were significantly less sensitive to this neuropeptide with pD2 values around 8.07 as compared to 9.82 in the more rostral arteries. Although all vessels were equally sensitive to vasoactive intestinal peptide, the dilator responses were significantly less pronounced in the middle cerebral and basilar arteries (maximal response of 86 +/- 5% and 69 +/- 6% of the induced-tone, respectively, as compared to 110 +/- 9% in the other vessels). 4. The vertebrobasilar arteries were as reactive, if not more reactive, to vasoconstrictors than the vessels originating from the carotid circulation. In contrast, the dilator responses were less marked in most caudal arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

血管内栓塞治疗破裂后交通动脉瘤66例临床分析

目的总结讨论血管内栓塞治疗破裂后交通动脉瘤的经验和体会。方法回顾性分析我院血管内栓塞治疗66例后交通动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 66例中成功栓塞65例,100%栓塞者57例,95%栓塞6例;90%栓塞2例;动脉瘤破裂死亡1例;术后脑梗死5例,死亡2例。结论介入栓塞治疗后交通动脉瘤是一种微创、安全并且有效的治疗措施。     

MSCTA对后循环缺血椎-基底动脉粥样斑块的诊断价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)对后循环缺血的椎-基底动脉粥样斑块和狭窄程度的诊断价值。方法对53例后循环缺血患者行MSCTA检查。应用原始图像、MIP和CPR图像寻找斑块,探讨椎-基底动脉粥样斑块发生部位、数量、成分、性质、动脉狭窄程度。结果53例中,共发现83处斑块。其中,椎动脉颅内段、三段、二段、起始段、基底动脉、大脑后动脉分别35处、9处、4处、16处、16处、3处。软斑块41处(49.4%),混合斑块18处(21.7%),钙化斑块24处(28.9%)。轻、中、重度狭窄、闭塞分别29处,51处、15处、10处。斑块表面不规则15处,斑块溃疡9处。结论 MSCTA可充分显示后循环缺血的椎-基底动脉粥样斑块发生情况和动脉狭窄程度,为其诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。     

发生囊状动脉瘤的颅内动脉血管分叉的角度研究

目的探讨囊状动脉瘤与颅内动脉血管分叉的角度关系。方法随机选取后交通动脉显影(包括胚胎型)且有动脉瘤者30例作为试验组,另选取后交通动脉显影(包括胚胎型)且无动脉瘤者30例作为对照组,均予三维(3D)脑血管造影观察颈内动脉后交通动脉段及后交通动脉间夹角,比较2组血管分叉的角度差异。结果试验组主流出道与流入道偏角、小分支与流入道偏角及分支夹角均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论动脉瘤的发生发展与颈内动脉后交通动脉分支段和后交通动脉之间夹角变大有关。