妊娠期生殖道感染对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠期生殖道感染对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2016年10月至2017年10月住院分娩的487例孕妇作为研究对象,其中179例存在生殖道感染的孕妇作为感染组,其余308例无生殖道感染的孕妇作为对照组,对其妊娠结局进行追踪随访。结果感染组和对照组比较,血常规及C-反应蛋白(CRP)值,胎膜早破率、早产率、流产率、新生儿感染率、新生儿窒息率、死胎发生率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠期生殖道感染会增加母婴不良结局,妊娠期给予筛查并积极治疗,可改善妊娠结局,有效降低妊娠不良结局发生率,提高产科质量。     

细菌性阴道病(BV)与胎膜早破及妊娠结局的关系

选取收治的妊娠女性2652例,分别给予细菌性阴道病(BV)的检查,按照检查结果分为观察组和对照组,每组1326例;观察组为细菌性阴道病孕妇,对照组为无细菌性阴道病孕妇,观察两组孕妇与胎膜早破、早产、新生儿感染的相关性。观察组孕妇出现胎膜早破(34.7%)、早产(20.3%)、产褥感染(23.0%)及新生儿感染(14.0%)等不良妊娠结局的发生率显著高于对照组的16.0%、5.9%、6.7%及5.8%,结果具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。妊娠合并细菌性阴道病女性与临床中出现胎膜早破、早产、产褥感染及新生儿感染等不良妊娠结局密切相关,增加了妊娠孕妇出现不良妊娠结局的概率。因此,临床需实施相关治疗来改善不良妊娠结局。     

妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族溶血性链球菌感染对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族溶血性链球菌(GBS)感染对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取妊娠晚期孕妇500例,消毒棉拭子采集肛周或阴道分泌物进行GBS培养,根据培养结果分为阳性组和阴性组,其中阳性组按治疗意愿分为观察组(抗生素治疗)和对照组。分析3组孕妇妊娠结局。结果 GBS感染阳性组孕妇的产妇感染、胎膜早破、早产、新生儿肺炎发生率显著高于阴性组(P 0. 05)。观察组产褥感染、胎膜早破、早产发生率均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道GBS感染可导致胎膜早破、早产、新生儿感染等多种不良妊娠结局,应加强针对性抗感染治疗,改善妊娠结局。     

妊娠期下生殖道感染与妊娠不良结局分析

目的：分析妊娠期下生殖道感染与妊娠不良结局的影响及防治。方法：回顾性分析2005年2月2006年2月在我院门诊就诊、住院分娩有生殖感染的患者149例的妊娠结局，对母体及婴儿的影响。结果：妊娠期下生殖道感染的患者明显高于妊娠期未患下生殖道感染组（p〈0.05）。结论：预防妊娠期下生殖道感染，加强围产期保健，可避免流产、早产、死胎、胎膜早破，降低产妇产褥病率及新生儿感染率。     

妊娠期GBS VVC BV感染对单胎妊娠初产妇妊娠结局的影响研究

目的 探讨妊娠期B族溶血性链球菌、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌、细菌性阴道病感染对单胎妊娠初产妇母婴结局的影响。方法 将106例孕妇设为研究对象,检测B族溶血性链球菌、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌、细菌性阴道病感染情况,比较B族溶血性链球菌、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌、细菌性阴道病感染阳性与阴性者妊娠结局。结果 入组孕妇检出B族溶血性链球菌感染23例(21.70%),外阴阴道假丝酵母菌感染19例(18.45%),细菌性阴道病感染17例(16.04%)。B族溶血性链球菌阳性者绒毛膜羊膜炎、产后出血、产褥感染、胎膜早破、新生儿肺炎、新生儿感染、新生儿低体质量发生率显著高于B族溶血性链球菌阴性者(P<0.05或0.01)。外阴阴道假丝酵母菌阳性者绒毛膜羊膜炎、产后出血、胎膜早破、新生儿肺炎、新生儿感染、新生儿低体质量发生率显著高于外阴阴道假丝酵母菌阴性者(P<0.05或0.01)。细菌性阴道病阳性者早产、产褥感染、胎膜早破、新生儿感染、新生儿低体质量发生率显著高于细菌性阴道病阴性者(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 妊娠期B族溶血性链球菌、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌、细菌性阴道病感染会增加单胎妊娠初产妇不良妊娠...     

孕妇生殖道B族链球菌阳性与胎膜早破发生的关系

目的观察孕晚期孕妇生殖道B族链球菌(GBS)阳性情况,探讨GBS阳性与胎膜早破发生的关系。方法选择因胎膜早破住院的宫内单胎妊娠妇女124例作为研究组,并随机选取孕周与年龄与研究组相匹配的正常孕妇150例作为对照组,比较两组孕妇阴道分泌物GBS阳性率。将研究组中GBS阳性孕妇分为治疗组和未治疗组,观察产褥感染、早产、新生儿败血症、脑膜炎等的发生情况。结果研究组孕妇GBS阳性24例,阳性率为19.35%,对照组阳性7例,阳性率为1.67%,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);GBS阳性未治疗组产褥感染、早产、新生儿败血症、脑膜炎等发生率均明显高于GBS阳性治疗组和GBS阴性孕妇(P<0.05)。结论孕妇生殖道GBS感染是胎膜早破的危险因素,抗GBS治疗可改善母儿预后。     

妊娠晚期胎膜早破孕妇阴道菌群分布、微生态情况及与妊娠结局的关系

目的 分析妊娠晚期胎膜早破孕妇阴道菌群分布、微生态情况及与妊娠结局的关系。方法 选取本院2020年1月—2021年1月妊娠晚期胎膜早破孕妇141例作为观察组,同期正常妊娠孕妇128例作为正常组。比较2组阴道菌群分布、微生态情况及炎性因子[超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α]水平,并分析不同阴道微生态妊娠晚期胎膜早破孕妇妊娠结局。结果 观察组乳酸杆菌占比低于正常组,革兰阳性杆菌、革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌占比高于正常组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组溶血葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、阴沟肠球菌及其他占比明显高于正常组(P<0.01)。观察组阴道菌群密度、多样性为Ⅰ、Ⅳ级者明显多于正常组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级者少于正常组,pH值高于正常组(P<0.01)。观察组IL-6水平明显高于正常组(P<0.01)。阴道微生态失调孕妇早产、新生儿感染、产褥感染及病理性黄疸发生率明显高于阴道微生态正常孕妇(P<0.05)。结论 妊娠晚期胎膜早破孕妇阴道微生态失衡、pH值增加,且增加孕妇不良妊娠结局风险。     

妊娠期阴道假丝酵母菌感染与胎膜早破的关系及对母婴结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠期阴道假丝酵母菌感染和胎膜早破的关系及对母婴结局的影响。方法选取该院因胎膜早破而入院的妊娠妇女85例作为研究组,另选取同期非胎膜早破妊娠妇女60例作为对照组,分别收集两组阴道分泌物及宫颈分泌物进行免疫组化染色检测,观察两组假丝酵母菌感染阳性数、胎膜基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)及金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TMP-1)的表达程度。分析阴道假丝酵母菌感染对胎膜早破及母婴结局的影响。结果两组阴道及宫颈分泌物检测革兰阳性、阴性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组假丝酵母菌阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组胎膜MMP-9阳性单位(PU)值、MMP-9/TMP-1PU值均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组TMP-1PU值比较差异不明显,无统计学意义(P0.05);假丝酵母菌感染与胎膜早破具有相关性(P0.05)。研究组产褥感染、新生儿感染及病理性黄疸发病率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠期阴道假丝酵母菌感染与胎膜早破具有相关性,是母婴出现不良结局的重要原因。     

孕妇尿液和宫颈分泌物沙眼衣原体的PCR检测对比研究

沙眼衣原体(chlamydiatrachomatis,CT)是引起泌尿生殖道感染的常见病原体。孕妇生殖道CT感染常可导致胎膜早破、早产等不良妊娠结局,并与新生儿肺炎、结膜炎等密切相关。女性CT感染的实验室诊断一般采集宫颈分泌物标本进行细胞培养或PCR扩增。国外学者用女性首次尿(firstvoidur     

妊娠期生殖道感染与妊娠结局的研究

目的了解妊娠期念珠菌、细菌性阴道病(BV)、支原体、衣原体感染的感染率;以及感染相关的危险因素和对妊娠结局的影响。方法对1041例孕妇进行阴道分泌物中检测念珠菌、细菌性阴道病(BV);宫颈分泌物支原体培养、衣原体的检测。将没有上述4项感染的孕妇作为对照组,按单项感染分成各组分项统计早产、胎膜早破、足月小样儿、胎窘、羊水过少的发生情况。结果妊娠期念珠菌、细菌性阴道病(BV)、支原体、衣原体感染率分别为支原体(+)8·17%,念珠菌11·91%,BV19·98%,未检出衣原体感染。可明显增加胎膜早破、早产、胎窘、足月小样儿、羊水过少的发生率。结论故应开展孕前教育和孕前检查、及时治疗,减少孕期的感染率是十分必要的。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.