经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效观察

目的评价经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效。方法选择梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者29例,利用Sigwart法行经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术,99%无水酒精注入间隔支,并记录注入前后即刻左心室流出道压力阶差和心电图的变化。在消融术前及术后30天通过超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左心室舒张末直径。结果间隔支内平均酒精注射量为2.97 mL;术后即刻左心室流出道压力阶差平均下降到36.0±9.3 mmHg;术后30天室间隔厚度降低3.2±0.3 mm;2例需要再次另外一支间隔支消蚀;3例患者术中出现一过性完全性房室传导阻滞;所有患者临床症状都有不同程度的缓解。结论经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术能显著降低左心室流出道压力阶差,治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效可靠,但应该严格控制适应症,以减少严重并发症发生。     

经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病短期疗效

目的应用超声心动图评价经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术(percutaneoustransluminalventricalarseptalchemicalablation,PTVSCA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析于1998年7月～2003年6月期间40例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行PTVSCA。在消融术前及术后2周内行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度、左心室流出道宽度及左心室流出道压力阶差。结果40例术后两周内室间隔厚度(24±6)mm,术前(24±6)mm;平均左心室流出道宽度术后(12.8±2.6)mm,术前(13.1±2.4)mm;静息时左心室流出道压力阶差术后(101±7)mmHg,术前(40±8)mmHg。结论PTSMA术后即刻或短期内主要是通过降低梗阻部位室间隔的收缩力来缓解左心室流出道的梗阻,室间隔厚度改变需在稍后时间才能显现。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮间隔心肌消融术后疗效及一年随访结果

目的　观察经导管室间隔心肌化学消融 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM )的术后即刻和一年后随访结果。方法　分析 15例HOCM患者行PTSMA手术 ,平均随访时间为(9 9± 6 1)个月 ,随访期间患者均接受左室流出道有创压力阶差测定、心肌酶谱和心电图的检查。结果　术后即刻 ,静息时左心室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)由 (83 2± 17 1)mmHg (1mmHg =0 133kPa)下降至 (16 8± 8 9)mmHg ,早搏后从 (137 2± 2 4 5 )mmHg降至 (4 7 2± 16 6 )mmHg ;术后 1年LVOTG与术后即刻差异无显著性。 11例患者术中或术后出现一过性三度房室传导阻滞 (AVB) ,1例需安装永久性起搏器。 9例新发完全性右束支传导阻滞 ,均为持久性。PTSMA术后即刻体表心电图PR间期、QRS波宽、QT间期、QTc间期和QTd显著延长 ,PR间期和QTd增大在术后 1周内持续存在 ,3个月后恢复正常 ;QT间期和QTc间期在术后 1年恢复正常 ,而QRS波宽延长一直延续到术后 1年。结论　PTSMA手术能有效降低HOCM患者左室流出道压力阶差 ,但术中具有一定的危险性 ,需要引起足够的重视。PTSMA术后 1周心肌复极不一致 ,需监护注意室性心律失常的发生。1年后心电图随访结果表明PTSMA术不增加QT间期、QTd和QTc间期 ,提示PTSMA对中期心电学参数无明显影响。     

经皮室间隔化学消融术对梗阻性肥厚型心肌病二尖瓣反流的影响

目的 评价经皮室间隔化学？肖融术对梗阻性肥厚型心肌病二尖瓣反流的影响。方法选择2007年3月至2012年2月在广东省人民医院诊断为梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的患者41例为研究对象,年龄（51．1±2．2）岁,其中男20例,女21例。利用Sigward法行经皮室间隔化学消融术,浓度99％的无水酒精注入冠状动脉间隔支内,记录术前、术后左心室流出道压力阶差的变化,消融术前及术后第一天通过超声心动图测量左心室流出道压差及二尖瓣反流面积变化。结果导管法术前、术后左心室流出道压力阶差分别为（101．9±33．9）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）和（54．3±34．7）mmHg,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术前、术后二尖瓣反流面积分别为（7．2±2．1）cm。和（4．0±3．0）m2,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。线性柏关回归分析显示,术前、术后二尖瓣反流面积的变化与左心室流出道压力阶差变化相关（r=0．589,P〈0．01）。结论经皮室间隔化学消融术可以降低梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者左心室流出道压力阶差,使二尖瓣收缩期前向运动减轻,二尖瓣反流减少：二尖瓣反流的减少可以作为评价经皮冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术疗效的指标之一。     

静脉注射美托洛尔对肥厚型心肌病左心室功能的影响

目的:应用频谱多普勒超声心动图技术,定量观测肥厚型梗阻性心肌病和肥厚型非梗阻性心肌病患者经静脉注射美托洛尔前后左心室功能和左心室流出道压力阶差的变化,并观察血流动力学的变化,探讨静脉注射美托洛尔对肥厚型心肌病左心室功能的影响。方法:应用PHILIPS-SONOS7500型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,测量用药前和用药后10分钟肥厚型梗阻性心肌病组(n=33)和肥厚型非梗阻性心肌病组(n=26)患者左心室功能各指标,并监测用药过程中的血流动力学变化。结果:肥厚型梗阻性心肌病组患者用药后较用药前左心室舒张功能明显改善,左心室流出道(LVOT)明显增宽(P<0.05),左心室流出道压力阶差(LVOTPG)明显下降(P<0.05),EF值无明显变化(P>0.05);肥厚型非梗阻性心肌病组患者用药后较用药前上述各指标无明显变化(P>0.05)。两组的心率、收缩压、舒张压用药后较用药前均明显降低(P<0.05),有显著差异。结论:静脉注射美托洛尔能够快速改善肥厚型梗阻性心肌病组患者的左心室舒张功能,改善临床症状,明显减轻左心室流出道梗阻,降低压力阶差,明显降低两组的血压、心率,影响其血流动力学;而对肥厚型非梗阻性心肌病组患者无明显作用,对两组的收缩功能均无明显影响。     

左心室中部肥厚型梗阻性心肌病临床及造影特征分析

目的 分析左心室中部肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者的临床及心血管造影特征.方法 5例(男:女=3:2)临床诊断为左心室中部肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的患者,年龄16～73(44±22)岁.所有患者均接受左心导管及心血管造影检查,并记录左心室心尖部-左心室基底部-左心室流出道-升主动脉连续压力.结果 5例患者中胸闷气短者4例,其中2例合并晕厥.所有患者心前区均可闻及收缩期杂音,且均存在左心室壁肥厚,室间隔厚度为19～31(23.8±5.4)mm,左心室舒张末期横径为35～55(43.4±7.4)mm,左心室射血分数为53%～70%、平均为(64.2±6.9)%.5例患者均存在左心室高电压伴异常Q波,其中1例患者合并阵发性室性心动过速,另有1例患者合并完全性左束支传导阻滞.左心导管检查证实收缩期左心室中部均存在梗阻,其中1例患者同时合并左心室流出道梗阻.左心室中部收缩期压力阶差为45～102(68.6±24.1)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).心血管造影检查提示前降支中段肌桥1例,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病1例.另外,2例患者合并左心室心尖部室壁瘤.结论 左心室中部肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床特征不同于其他类型的肥厚型心肌病,完善的左心导管检查及造影有利于诊断并指导临床治疗.     

经食管超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病手术中的应用

目的:对比应用经食管超声心动图(TEE)对患者麻醉和手术转归的影响,阐述TEE在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病左心室流出道疏通术中的作用。方法:回顾性调查31例成人肥厚型梗阻性心肌病左心室流出道疏通术患者,分为GTEE和Gn2组,比较手术后2组患者左心室流出道压差、术后转归和并发症。结果:2组的体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间无差异,GTEE组术后左心室流出道压差[(26±10)mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa]明显低于Gn组[(59±28)mmHg,P<0.01];GTEE组术中并发症和术后转归好于Gn组。结论:术中TEE对麻醉监测和手术处理有积极的指导意义。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病行左心室流出道疏通术与经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗的远期疗效分析

目的:回顾性方法研究肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行左心室流出道疏通术与经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗的临床资料,评价两种治疗方法的远期疗效.方法:57例患者,28例行左心室流出道疏通术,29例行经皮室间隔化学消融术,分别比较两种方法治疗前、后左心室流出道压力阶差、室间隔厚度及每种方法治疗前后超声心动图结果,电话随访患者治疗后的临床症状.结果:28例左心室流出道疏通术患者平均年龄(36±16)岁,与术前比较,左心室流出道疏通术后室间隔厚度和左心室流出道压差明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后随访平均时间(3.8±1.2)年,并发症主要为心律失常,发生率64.3%,以完全左束支阻滞为主,胸闷好转率75%.经皮室间隔化学消融术患者平均年龄(43±11)岁,与术前比较,室间隔消融术后室间隔厚度和左心室流出道压差亦明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后随访平均时间(3.6±1.2)年,术后并发症主要为心律失常,发生率37.9%,以完全右束支阻滞为主,胸闷好转率75%.结论:外科左心室流出道疏通术及经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病均可降低左心室流出道压力阶差,改善患者临床症状,有较好的远期疗效.     

经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病临床分析

目的评价桡动脉途径行经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病的安全性和有效性方法选取2010年1月~2015年11月本院收治的经桡动脉行PTSMA治疗的肥厚性梗阻性心肌病患者39例作为研究对象,利用多普勒超声心动图在PTSMA术前以及术后1个月对患者进行检查,观察患者的左心室流出道宽度、左心室流出道压力阶差、间隔厚度等指标。结果所有患者均成功行PTSMA,观察发现患者术后室间隔厚度、左心室流出道压力阶差皆低于术前,而左心室流出道宽度高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后部分患者出现心律失常,仅1例植入永久起搏器。结论经桡动脉途径行PTSMA治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病安全可行,效果明显。     

多巴酚丁胺在肥厚型心肌病激发试验的应用

目的 评价多巴酚丁胺激发试验在肥厚型心肌病激发试验中的安全性及有效性,比较潜在型肥厚型梗阻与静息型肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床特点. 方法 对22例确诊肥厚型心肌病患者(左心室流出道压力阶差正常或轻度增加)进行多巴酚丁胺激发试验,以5 μg·min-1·kg-1为起始剂量静脉泵人多巴酚丁胺,每隔5 min增加5 μg·min-1·kg-1,最大剂量20 μg·min-1·kg-1.每一次剂量泵入2 min后进行超声心动图检查,并对其临床特点与57例静息型肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者进行比较. 结果 入选22例患者激发状态时左心室流出道流速峰值为(5.39±1.60)m/s,左心室流出道压力阶差(LVOTPG)峰值为(125.7±62.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);达到峰值时多巴酚丁胺给药平均速率为(13.9±6.85)μg·min-1·kg-1.16例(72.7%)患者达到阳性标准;6例(27.3%)患者虽达到阴性标准,但LVOTPG也有显著升高.潜在型梗阻患者的年龄、性别、各房室腔内径、左心室射血分数、室间隔厚度、LVOTPG等与静息型梗阻患者比较,差异均无统计学意义,但二尖瓣前向运动(SAM)现象发生率较低(62.5%比100%),Maron Ⅱ型较多[50.0%(8/16)比29.8(17/57)]. 结论 在肥厚型心肌病激发试验中,小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声是一种较为安全和敏感性高的方法.潜在型较静息型肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者的SAM现象发生率低,Maron Ⅱ型占优势.     

经皮经冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效观察

目的评价经皮经冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术（PTSMA）治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HOCM）的近期疗效。方法自1998年8月～1999年11月收治HOCM34例,入选行PTSMA26例。利用Sigwart法行PTSMA,注入96%～99%无水酒精消融间隔支前后记录左室流出道压力阶差变化、心电图变化。在消融前及术后2周通过超声心动图测量室间隔（IVS）厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果术前平均静息左室流出道压力阶差为（72.8±24.6）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）,术中球囊加压后为（30.6±18.5）mmHg,术后为（24.3±17.6）mmHg,差异有显著性（P<0.001）。术前室间隔平均厚度为（23.00±6.03）mm,术后2周为（20.55±5.38）mm。术前左室流出道宽度为（6.54±2.36）mm,术后2周为（11.36±3.37）mm（P<0.01）。术前心功能（NYHA分级）为3.4±0.6,术后2周为1.6±0.8。术后CPK与CPK-Mb峰值分别为（1050±514）U/L与（131±78）U/L。术中及术后可见短阵室速、结性逸搏心律、三度房室传导阻滞及束支传导阻滞。1例发生永久性三度房室传导阻滞,安装永久性双腔起搏器。出现下壁及前壁心肌梗死心电图表现者各1例。结论PTSMA能显著降低左室流出道压力阶差,治疗HOCM的近期疗效可靠,但尚需进一步完善方法,以减少严重并发症发生,并需继续随访其中、远期疗效。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮室间隔消融后的左室逆重构

目的 观察经皮室间隔心肌化学消融（PTSMA）治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）的术后即刻和动态随访左心室结构和功能的变化.方法 应用心脏超声评估14 例HOCM 患者行 PTSMA 手术术前,术后即刻,术后 1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月左心室大小、各左室壁厚度和心脏功能.结果 消融前患者室间隔厚度平均为（21.53±4.00）mm,左室后壁平均为（11.0±2.2）mm,左室流出道平均压力为（83.0±27.7）mm Hg.消融后即刻患者心室结构无明显变化,但流出道压力减至（28.2±24.7）mm Hg.1个月后复查心脏彩超,室间隔厚度减少至（14.3±3.7）mm,左室后壁平均为（11.6±6.3）mm,左心室舒张末期内径从术前的（42.1±4.9）mm增加至术后的（47.3±6.8）mm,左心室收缩末期内径从术前的（26.4±3.4）mm增加至术后的（32.4±8.8）mm,后随访至1年无继续增大.左心室射血分数在随访3个月时较术前下降,但仍在正常心功能范围.结论 PTSMA手术能有效降低 HOCM患者左室流出道压力阶差,并能引起左心室发生良性逆重构.     

Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Acute Results and 3-Month Follow-Up in 25 Patients

Objectives. We report the acute results and midterm clinical course after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).Background. In the treatment of HOCM, surgical myectomy and DDD pacemaker therapy are considered the standard procedural extensions to drug therapy with negatively inotropic drugs. As an alternative nonsurgical procedure for reducing the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, PTSMA by alcohol-induced septal branch occlusion was introduced. However, clinical follow-up has not been sufficiently described.Methods. In 25 patients (13 women, 12 men; mean [±SD] age 54.7 ± 15.0 years) who were symptomatic despite sufficient drug therapy, 1.4 ± 0.6 septal branches were occluded with an injection of 4.1 ± 2.6 ml of alcohol (96%) to ablate the hypertrophied interventricular septum. After 3-months, follow-up results of LVOT gradients and clinical course were determined.Results. The invasively determined LVOT gradients could be reduced in 22 patients (88%), with a mean reduction from 61.8 ± 29.8 mm Hg (range 4 to 152) to 19.4 ± 20.8 mm Hg (range 0 to 74) at rest (p < 0.0001) and from 141.4 ± 45.3 mm Hg (range 76 to 240) to 61.1 ± 40.1 mm Hg (range 0 to 135) after extrasystole. All patients had angina pectoris for 24 h. The maximal creatine kinase increase was 780 ± 436 U/liter (range 305 to 1,810) after 11.1 ± 6.0 h (range 4 to 24). Thirteen patients (52%) developed a trifascicular block for 5 min to 8 days requiring temporary (n = 8 [32%]) or permanent (DDD) pacemaker implantation (n = 5 [20%]). An 86-year old woman died 8 days after successful intervention of uncontrollable ventricular fibrillation in conjunction with beta-sympathomimetics in chronically obstructive pulmonary disease. The remaining patients were discharged after 11.3 ± 5.4 days (range 5 to 24), after an uncomplicated hospital course. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was achieved in all 24 surviving patients after 3 months. No cardiac complications occurred. Twenty-one patients (88%) showed clinical improvement, with a New York Heart Association functional class of 1.4 ± 1.1. A further reduction in LVOT gradient was shown in 14 patients (58%).Conclusions. PTSMA of HOCM is a promising nonsurgical technique for septal myocardial reduction, with a consecutive reduction in LVOT gradient. Possible complications are trifascicular blocks, requiring permanent pacemaker implantation, and tachycardiac rhythm disturbances. Clinical long-term observations of larger patient series and a comparison with conventional forms of therapy are necessary to determine the conclusive therapeutic significance.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病化学消融术后疗效观察

目的 探讨化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的方法及疗效.方法 15例HOCM患者,经超声心动图及导管测压证实存在左室流出道压力阶差.选择靶间隔支注入无水乙醇消融后记录左室流出道压力阶差变化,出院时、出院后1个月及出院后3个月复查超声心动图.结果 15例中消融第一间隔支11例,消融第二间隔支2例,同时消融第一、二间隔支2例.1例术后4 h死亡,其余14例度过围术期并出院随访(其中1例术后5 d置入永久双腔起搏器).术后即刻导管测量左室流出道压差较术前明显下降[(55.90±31.08)mm Hg比(92.62±43.75)mm Hg,P＜0.01],出院时与术前相比,LVOTG和二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)幅度较术前明显改善[(45.83±27.92)mm Hg 比(84.02±35.59)mm Hg,(2.3±1.28)mm 比(4.2±1.35)mm,P＜0.01];出院后1个月、3个月超声测量LVOTG、左室流出道内径、室间隔厚度和SAM幅度较术前及出院时明显改善(P＜0.01).结论化学消融是治疗HOCM的有效方法,但属于破坏性手术,需严格进行手术风险控制,防止"过犹不及".     

肥厚梗阻型心肌病介入治疗方法的新改进

目的 探讨经皮“室间隔心肌隧道化学消融术（percutaneous transluminal septal tunnel myocardial ablation,PTSTMA）”治疗传统技术不适合的肥厚梗阻型心肌病（hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy,HOCM）的方法及疗效.方法 选择2005年6月至2011年6月期间住院的HOCM患者中的26例为研究对象.观察经PTSTMA治疗的26例HOCM患者术后即刻左心室流出道压力阶差（left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient,LVOTPG）变化,术后24 h磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶、心电学改变,术后3个月心脏超声指标变化以及随访临床症状的转归.结果 3例通过单支血管消融,17例通过2支血管消融,6例通过3支血管消融.LVOTG由术前（75.6±22.4）mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）降至（21.4±5.84）mm Hg,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.术后24 h磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶为（1 86±84）μ/L,2例发生Ⅲ＆#176;房-室传导阻滞,均于1周后恢复正常传导,10例发生室性心律失常,12例发生右束支传导阻滞.消融后室间隔厚度减少[（16.8±4.2）mm vs.（22.8±5.8）mm,P＜0.01]、左心房内径减少[（42.0±8.6）mmvs.（48.0±7.0）mm,P＜0.05],差异均有统计学意义.随访时间为（39.8±8.6）个月.与消融前比较,随访中胸痛、呼吸困难症状明显减少,纽约心脏协会心功能分级明显改善,室性心律失常明显减少,黑蒙症状也有一定改善.结论 冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉室间隔支解剖形态不适合做传统室间隔心肌化学消融术的HOCM患者,PTSTMA能显著降低LVOTPG,改善临床症状.PTSTMA可作为HOCM心肌化学消融术的一种补充方法,其近、中期安全有效.     

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) is a new therapeutic option for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). In the present study, the acute and follow-up results of PTSMA were evaluated. From August 1997 to March 2003 27 medically refractory patients (New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class 2.9+/-0.6) with HOCM underwent PTSMA. The target septal branch was determined by probationary ballooning in 3 and by myocardial contrast echocardiography in 24 patients. The mean resting left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (PG) was reduced from 70+/-44 to 24+/-22 mmHg (p<0.0001); the peak concentration of creatine kinase was 1545+/-686 IU/L. Although transient trifascicular block was observed in 14 patients, permanent pacemaker implantation was not required. There were no major adverse cardiac events during the hospital stay; the mean clinical follow-up was 2.2+/-1.7 years. Repeated PTSMA was needed in 1 patient; however, symptomatic improvement had been well preserved in all patients (NYHA class 1.2+/-0.4). Follow-up echocardiographic examination showed sustained improvement in PG, septal and left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses, and the grade of systolic anterior movement and regurgitation of the mitral valve. In conclusion, PTSMA is a safe and effective therapeutic option for medically refractory patients with HOCM.     

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: Acute results and three-year noninvasive follow-up in 18 patients

OBJECTIVES: To study the acute results and long-term clinical course after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). METHODS: In 18 patients (seven women, 11 men; average age 53+/-15 years) with symptomatic and medically refractory HOCM, 1.3+/-0.4 septal branches were occluded with an injection of 3.6+/-1.2 mL of 95% alcohol to ablate the hypertrophied interventricular septum. After three years, noninvasive follow-up results of clinical course, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings were determined. RESULTS: The invasively measured left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients were reduced in all patients, with a mean decrease from 79+/-21 mmHg to 11+/-8 mmHg at rest (P<0.01) and from 136+/-41 mmHg to 49+/-21 mmHg after extrasystole. All patients had angina pectoris for 8 h to 24 h. Eleven patients (61.1%) developed a trifascicular block for 3 min to four days requiring temporary (n=10 [56%]) or permanent dual chamber pacemaker implantation (n=1 [6%]). All patients were discharged after 5.9+/-2.3 days. Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic follow-up was achieved in all patients after three years (3.1+/-0.5 years). No cardiac complications occurred. Thirteen patients (72%) showed clinical improvement, with a New York Heart Association functional class of 1.5+/-0.8. A further reduction in LVOT gradient was shown in eight patients (44%). CONCLUSIONS: The LVOT gradient was greatly reduced in patients with HOCM undergoing a PTSMA procedure and their symptoms were greatly improved without cardiac complications during three-year follow-up. Possible complications include different degrees of heart block, such as trifascicular blocks, requiring temporary pacemaker implantation. PTSMA is a promising nonsurgical method for the treatment of symptomatic patients with HOCM. Clinical long-term follow-up of a larger series of patients is required to determine the therapeutic significance conclusively.     

经股动脉左心室起搏预测梗阻性肥厚型心肌病化学消蚀术即刻疗效

目的梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HOCM）猝死率高，经皮室间隔化学消蚀术（PTSMA）和左室心内膜起搏的关系至今未见报道。本文拟探讨左心室心内膜起搏预测HOCM化学消蚀术疗效的价值。方法对静息左心室流出道压力阶差（LVOTG）≥30mmHg和／或激发LVOTG≥50mmHg的HOCM患者进行左心室心内膜起搏，20min后行PTSMA，通过Swan—Ganz导管连续记录有创血流动力学参数及LVOTG，术后临床及超声随访1个月。结果15例患者PTSMA术前室间隔平均厚度为22．07±7．85mm，术后1个月减为17．39±5．79mm（P〈0．01）；术前静息LVOTG为56．02±32．86mmHg，术后1个月降为15．23±6．67mmHg（P〈0．001），术前激发LVOTG为74．87±32．52mmHg，术后1个月降为20．53±12．28mmHg（P〈0．001）。左心室起搏前静息LVOTG为50．40±39．41mmHg，起搏10min后显著减少至26．69±26．30mmHg，P〈0．05；左心室起搏前激发LVOTG为122．53±52．52mmHg，左室起搏10min后降为56．60±43．87mmHg，P〈0．05；经洗脱期行PTSMA后静息LVOTG则减少至13．73±12．45mmHg，与术前比P〈0．05；PTSMA后激发LVOTG为32．80±18．42mmHg，与术前比P〈0．01。其中，左室起搏治疗有效10例，无效5例；PTSMA治疗有效12例，无效3例。统计分析显示两种方法疗效显著相关（相关系数Kappa值=0．842，P=0．001）。结论左室心内膜起搏和PTSMA治疗HOCM疗效密切相关，提示PTSMA术前行左室心内膜起搏可预测其疗效。     

Outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation and septal myectomy surgery

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate follow-up results in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who underwent either percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) or septal myectomy. BACKGROUND: Controversy exists with regard to these two forms of treatment for patients with HOCM. METHODS: Of 51 patients with HOCM treated, 25 were treated by PTSMA and 26 patients via myectomy. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed before both procedures, immediately afterwards and at a three-month follow-up. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was obtained before the procedures and at follow-up. RESULTS: Interventricular septal thickness was significantly reduced at follow-up in both groups (2.3 +/- 0.4 cm vs. 1.9 +/- 0.4 cm for septal ablation and 2.4 +/- 0.6 cm vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm for myectomy, both p < 0.001). Estimated by continuous-wave Doppler, the resting pressure gradient (PG) across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) significantly decreased immediately after the procedures in both groups (64 +/- 39 mm Hg vs. 28 +/- 29 mm Hg for PTSMA, 62 +/- 43 mm Hg vs. 7 +/- 7 mm Hg for myectomy, both p < 0.0001). At three-month follow-up, the resting PG remained lower in the PTSMA and myectomy groups (24 +/- 19 mm Hg and 11 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively, vs. those before procedures, both p < 0.0001). The NYHA functional class was also significantly improved in both groups (3.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.7 for PTSMA, 3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 for myectomy, both p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both myectomy and PTSMA reduce LVOT obstruction and significantly improve NYHA functional class in patients with HOCM. However, there are benefits and drawbacks for each therapeutic method that must be counterbalanced when deciding on treatment for LVOT obstruction.