ADNP在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨神经依赖性活性保护蛋白（ADNP）在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法：收集中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院2019 年6 月1 日至2019 年7 月15 日手术切除的膀胱癌及其配对的癌旁组织标本各28 例,采用qPCR检测20 例膀胱癌组织和癌旁组织的ADNP mRNA表达水平,WB检测其余8 对标本的ADNP蛋白表达水平。同时,回顾性分析我院2005 年1 月1 日至2007 年12 月31 日收治的膀胱尿路上皮癌患者221 例的临床病理资料,免疫组化染色方法检相应患者手术切除的石蜡标本中ADNP的表达情况,并收集同期因其他膀胱疾病而手术患者的非肿瘤膀胱组织切片用作对照。卡方检验分析ADNP表达与不同临床病理因素之间的相关性,Kaplan-Meier 法进行生存分析,Cox 比例风险回归模型对患者预后影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果：膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中ADNP的转录和翻译水平均高于非肿瘤组织（均P<0.05）,且ADNP的表达量与膀胱癌的组织学分级、临床分期及患者存活状态有着相关性(P<0.05）。纳入的221 例患者随访中失访32 例,ADNP高表达较低表达的膀胱患者有着不良的预后（5 年OS：49.5% vs 78.6%,P<0.01;5 年PFS：40.0% vs 72.2% ,P<0.01;10 年OS：26.6% vs 58.6% ,P<0.01;10 年PFS：25.3% vs 47.9%,P<0.01）。Cox 单因素回归模型显示,ADNP表达量与膀胱癌的预后密切相关（P<0.05）;同时Cox 多因素回归也表明ADNP表达量（95% CI：1.300~2.905,P=0.001）是影响膀胱癌预后的独立危险因素。结论：ADNP在膀胱癌组织中的表达水平比非肿瘤的膀胱组织有显著的升高,组织学分级及临床分期与ADNP的表达水平有相关性,ADNP低表达的膀胱癌患者预后相对较好,ADNP有望成为膀胱癌的特异性治疗候选靶点。     

TGF-β1 Snail E-cadherin及N-cadherin在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨TGF—β1、Snail、E—cadherin及N—cadherin在胃癌中的表达及意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学法检测96例胃癌组织及80例癌旁组织中TGF—β1、Snail、E—cadherin、N—cadherin的表达，并与临床病理资料做对照分析，结果：胃癌组织中TGF—β1、Snail、E—cadherin及N—cadherin阳性表达率分别为63．5％、83.3％、37．5％、44．8％，癌旁组织分别为28．8％、41.3％、100％、11.3％。四种蛋白在胃癌组织及癌旁组织的表达差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。E—cadherin表达的降低及TGF—β1、Snail、N—cadherin表达的升高与胃癌不同分化程度、组织学类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及远处转移有关（P〈0．05）、N—cadherin与TGF—β1蛋白的表达呈正相关，并且与E—cadherin的表达呈负相关E—cadherin与TGF-β1、Snail的表达均呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：TGF—β1、Snail蛋白的高表达、E—cadherin蛋白的低表达与N—cadherin的反常表达与胃癌的浸润和转移有密切的关系；在胃癌的发展过程中．E—cadherin向N—cadherin转化及TGF—β1、Snail表达可能发挥重要作用．     

膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达及其与患者预后的关系

目的 明确膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达水平,并探讨其与膀胱尿路上皮癌预后的关系.方法 应用免疫组化法检测85例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达,比较其中64例初发者和21例复发者的表达差异,以及窖蛋白阳性和阴性表达初发患者的预后.结果 85例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中,窖蛋白1表达阳性34例(40.0%).窖蛋白1在初发性和复发性膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为32.8%和61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).21例窖蛋白1阳性表达的初发性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者平均无瘤生存时间为14.2个月,43例窖蛋白1阴性的初发性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者平均无瘤生存时间为18.9个月,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),窖蛋白1阳性表达组的术后无瘤生存率低于阴性表达组(P<0.05).结论 窖蛋白1与膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生有关,其阳件表达是膀胱尿路上皮癌复发的高危因素.     

膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达及其与患者预后的关系

目的 明确膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达水平,并探讨其与膀胱尿路上皮癌预后的关系.方法 应用免疫组化法检测85例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达,比较其中64例初发者和21例复发者的表达差异,以及窖蛋白阳性和阴性表达初发患者的预后.结果 85例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中,窖蛋白1表达阳性34例(40.0%).窖蛋白1在初发性和复发性膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为32.8%和61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).21例窖蛋白1阳性表达的初发性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者平均无瘤生存时间为14.2个月,43例窖蛋白1阴性的初发性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者平均无瘤生存时间为18.9个月,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),窖蛋白1阳性表达组的术后无瘤生存率低于阴性表达组(P<0.05).结论 窖蛋白1与膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生有关,其阳件表达是膀胱尿路上皮癌复发的高危因素.     

不同预防性膀胱内化疗方案对上尿路尿路上皮癌肾输尿管切除术后膀胱癌复发的影响

目的:比较不同预防性膀胱灌注化疗方案对UTUC患者的OS、CSS、IVRFS的影响。方法:回顾性分析2010年至2020年在我院泌尿外科接受RNU手术的387例UTUC患者的临床病例资料。术后随访10年,观察生存情况,同时对于患者的临床病理相关性数据进行统计学分析,选择Log-rank检验和Kaplan-Meier法,单因素多因素生存分析选择Cox回归分析。结果:所有患者的中位年龄为67岁［四分位数范围(IQR):33~90岁］,所有患者的中位随访时间为44个月［四分位数范围(IQR):3~140月］。三组患者的基线资料方面没有显著差异。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,灌注组与未灌注组间,未灌注组、单次灌注组、多次灌注组三组间的总体生存率(OS)均有显著差异(P<0.000 1),三组间的肿瘤特异性存活率(CSS)有显著差异(P<0.000 1),同样三组间的膀胱内无复发生存率(IVRFS)也有显著差异(P=0.005)。未灌注组、单次灌注组与多次灌注组三组患者的1年,3年和5年的OS分别为85.3%、70.2%和61% vs 96.1%、84.1%和73.5% vs 96.8%、88.5%和84.3%。三组患者的1年,3年和5年的CSS分别为86.6%、73.6%和66.6% vs 97.4%、85.2%和74.4% vs 97.8%、89.4%和87%。三组患者的1年,3年和5年的IVRFS分别为95.2%、86.7%和74.1% vs 98.5%、89.4%和81.1% vs 98.9%、94.7%和88%。结论:术后膀胱内化疗可以明显降低UTUC患者的膀胱内复发率,尤其是侵袭性或高度恶性的UTUC。此外,我们认为多次膀胱灌注的疗效可能优于单次灌注。     

膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达及其与患者预后的关系

目的 明确膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达水平,并探讨其与膀胱尿路上皮癌预后的关系.方法 应用免疫组化法检测85例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中窖蛋白1的表达,比较其中64例初发者和21例复发者的表达差异,以及窖蛋白阳性和阴性表达初发患者的预后.结果 85例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中,窖蛋白1表达阳性34例(40.0%).窖蛋白1在初发性和复发性膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为32.8%和61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).21例窖蛋白1阳性表达的初发性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者平均无瘤生存时间为14.2个月,43例窖蛋白1阴性的初发性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者平均无瘤生存时间为18.9个月,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),窖蛋白1阳性表达组的术后无瘤生存率低于阴性表达组(P<0.05).结论 窖蛋白1与膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生有关,其阳件表达是膀胱尿路上皮癌复发的高危因素.     

SIRT2在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究SIRT2在人膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及临床意义,探讨其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.方法:收集人正常膀胱移行上皮组织标本16例,膀胱尿路上皮癌标本36例.按照病理分级、临床分期分组,用免疫组织化学法(SP法)检测SIRT2蛋白的表达,分析其与膀胱尿路上皮癌的病理分级、临床分期的关系.结果:正常膀胱移行上皮组织中SIRT2阳性表达率为87.50％;膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中SIRT2阳性表达率为55.56％,膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的SIRT2表达水平明显低于正常膀胱移行上皮组织(P=0.04).SIRT2蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌中低级别组与高级别组阳性表达率分别为75.0％和40.0％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.04),同时SIRT2在非肌层浸润(T1)与肌层浸润(T2-4)间阳性表达率分别为78.6％及40.9％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.03).结论:SIRT2蛋白在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达明显低于正常膀胱移行上皮组织,且与膀胱尿路上皮癌的病理分级、临床分期呈负相关,提示SIRT2蛋白表达下调在膀胱尿路上皮癌发生、发展中起重要作用.     

CD40蛋白质在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

 目的　研究CD40在膀胱尿路上皮癌的表达,探讨其与肿瘤分期、病理分级、细胞凋亡之间的相关性。方法　采用免疫组织化学技术检测20例膀胱癌旁组织及78例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中CD40的表达状况,Hoechst法检测膀胱尿路上皮癌组织细胞凋亡情况,确定凋亡率。结果　CD40在20例膀胱癌旁组织中2例表达（10 %）,在78例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中55例表达（70.5 %）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,CD40的表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌的临床分期、病理分级呈负相关。CD40阳性组细胞凋亡率为（12.60±0.38）%,阴性组细胞凋亡率为（6.77±0.53）%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,提示CD40可能诱导细胞凋亡。结论　CD40在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织的表达与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级、细胞凋亡密切相关,可为膀胱尿路上皮癌的诊断、治疗及指导预后提供实验依据。     

上皮性肿瘤细胞中Snail与E-cadherin的表达及其与体外侵袭性的关系

目的 研究上皮性肿瘤细胞Snail与E-cadherin的表达以及与瘤细胞表型、转移潜能的关系。方法 采用Northern blot、共聚焦激光显微镜研究6株不同组织来源、不同分化程度及转移潜能的上皮性肿瘤细胞、1株正常上皮细胞、1株成纤维细胞中Snail与E-cadherin mRNA和蛋白表达与定位;Boyden小室体外侵袭实验反映细胞的转移潜能。结果 在分化程度较高的癌细胞和对照正常上皮细胞中,E-cadherin mRNA与蛋白表达较强,而Snail表达缺如;在分化程度低、转移潜能高的癌细胞和对照成纤维细胞中,E-cadherin、Snail mRNA及蛋白表达与上述情况相反。E-cadherin多定位于细胞胞浆和胞膜,Snail主要定位于胞核和胞浆。结论 在上皮性肿瘤细胞中E-cadherin和Snail在mRNA与蛋白表达水平上存在逆反关系,且与细胞分化、转移潜能相关。     

喉鳞癌组织Snail mRNA与E-cadherin mRNA表达及其临床意义的探讨

目的:观察Snail mRNA与E-cad-herin mRNA在喉鳞癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:应用原位分子杂交方法,分别检测Snail mRNA与E-cadherin mRNA在60例喉鳞癌、30例不典型增生和20例慢性炎症组织中的表达。结果:Snail mRNA在喉鳞癌中的表达高于不典型增生和慢性炎症组织中的表达,而E-cadherin mRNA在喉鳞癌中的表达低于不典型增生和慢性炎症组织中的表达,差异均有统计学意义,P值均<0.05;Snail mRNA、E-cadherin mRNA与喉鳞癌甲状软骨累及淋巴结转移、TNM分期、T分期、临床分型、病理分级有关(P值均<0.05),而两者均与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无关,P值均>0.05;喉鳞癌Snail mRNA和E-cadherin mRNA的表达呈明显负相关,r=-0.504,P<0.05。结论:E-cadherin mRNA低表达与Snail mRNA高表达可能是喉黏膜恶性转变以及喉鳞癌发生浸润转移的重要生物学标志,联合检测E-cadherin mRNA和Snail mRNA对预测喉鳞癌浸润转移有重要意义。     

吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶、c-myc在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）、c-myc在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测新鲜肿瘤及黏膜标本各20例IDO mRNA表达,采用SP法检测肿瘤石蜡标本84例及黏膜22例IDO、c-myc蛋白的表达,分析二者与临床病理特征的关系.结果 在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中,IDO、c-myc蛋白表达强度与患者年龄、性别无关.在浸润型膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中IDO蛋白表达高于非浸润型（x2=5.600,P=0.018）,随着组织分级及国际抗癌联盟（UICC）分期增高,IDO蛋白阳性表达率增高（x2=20.268,P=0.000;x2=12.075,P=0.007）.c-myc蛋白在正常膀胱组织中无阳性表达,在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中44例（52.4％）表达阳性,二者阳性表达率差异有统计学意义（x2=10.733,P=0.001）;c-myc蛋白表达强度与组织学分类、组织分级及UICC分期无关.在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中IDO蛋白表达强度与c-myc蛋白表达强度呈正相关（r=0.205,P=0.047）,与组织学分类、组织分级及UICC分期呈正相关（r=0.258,P=0.018;r=0.491,P=0.000;r=0.365,P=0.001）.IDO mRNA在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达（7.696 1±1.745 2）明显高于正常膀胱组织（6.397 0±1.205 1）（t=2.367,P=0.023）.Ta～T1期膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中IDO mRNA的平均表达水平为6.803 4±1.567 5,明显低于T2～T4期的9.183 8±0.690 3（t=4.955,P=0.000）;IDO mRNA在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的平均表达水平分别为7.058 7±1.771 5、7.934 2±1.530 5、9.290 7±0.574 5,随着分级增高而增高,差异有统计学意义（t=2.729,P=0.011）.结论 IDO表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌预后不良相关,c-myc表达强度与膀胱尿路上皮癌病变进展无关,但可能与膀胱尿路上皮癌病变发生有关.IDO可能成为膀胱尿路上皮癌预后的预测因子,IDO、c-myc有可能成为肿瘤化疗的一个分子靶向目标.     

Correlation of human bladder tumor recurrence with changes in clonogenicity of urothelial cells

Over a 2-year period 340 cystoscopies were performed on 174 patients (126 men and 48 women) followed up for previously treated transitional cell tumor of the bladder or new cases suspected of having bladder tumor. Bladder washings taken at cystoscopy in 66% yielded cells for clonogenic assay. Patients with transitional cell tumors had an average clonogenic index (CI) of 14 (+/- 5) colonies per 10(5) viable urothelial cells, whereas previously tumorous patients with tumor-free bladders had an average CI of 6 +/- 1 colonies (P less than 0.001, Student's t test). Patients with hematuria but no bladder tumor had an average CI of 8 (not significant). In serial examinations with consecutive successful clonogenic assay, 11 of 16 patients remaining tumor-free had constant or falling CI whereas 9 of 12 patients with recurrent tumor had rising CI values (Fisher; P less than 0.025). Changes in the clonogenic index of cells taken from bladder washings paralleled the changes in tumor status at cystoscopy and might have predictive value in this disease.     

Motility-related protein 1 (MRP-1/CD9) expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma and its relation to tumor recurrence and progression

BACKGROUND: CD9 has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation, and numerous studies have demonstrated its prognostic value in different solid tumors. The objective of this study was to determine the relation of CD9 expression to tumor grade and tumor stage of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and to define the value of CD9 in predicting the behavior of superficial papillary tumors (SPTs) (pathologic Ta [pTa] and pT1). METHODS: Three hundred twenty patients (118 patients with pTa tumors, 111 patients with pT1 tumors, and 91 patients with pT2 tumors) were examined for CD9 expression using immunohistochemistry applied on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. Patients were stratified into 3 categories, depending on CD9 expression: positive (> 50% positive cells), reduced (5-50% positive cells), or negative (< 5% positive cells). RESULTS: Loss of CD9 expression was found to be associated significantly with high-grade and high-stage urothelial tumors (P < 0.0001). A reduced/negative (altered) CD9 expression was associated with SPT progression, but not with recurrence (P < 0.001). Patients who had pTa or pT1 tumors with altered CD9 expression had a relative risk of 5.59 (P = 0.005; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.69-18.48) for progression compared with patients who had tumors with positive CD9 expression. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a lack of CD9 expression was associated significantly with progression free survival (P < 0.001; log-rank test), but not with recurrence. In patients with SPTs, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that negative CD9 expression was an independent prognostic marker for the prediction of tumor progression (P = 0.007; 95% CI, 0.11-0.70). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma, CD9 expression was associated significantly with tumor stage and grade, and a loss of CD9 expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting progression in patients with SPTs. Thus, CD9 immunoexpression is a potential new predictor of tumor behavior in patients with SPTs of the urinary bladder.     

E—cadherin在食管癌复发中的表达及意义

目的研究E-cadherin在食管癌术后吻合口复发中的作用和意义.方法用免疫组化方法检测47例食管癌术后吻合口复发石蜡标本E-cadherin的表达水平,并与同期36例食管癌E-cadherin的表达水平进行比较.结果食管癌术后吻合口复发组E-cadherin的表达水平明显降低,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),说明E-cadherin在食管癌术后吻合口复发中具有一定作用.而两组间病理类型差异无显著性(P＞0.05),排除了病理类型对结果的干扰.结论 E-cadherin蛋白低水平表达或表达缺乏致肿瘤细胞间黏附功能丧失,使肿瘤细胞去分化和侵袭能力增强,易于从原发肿瘤脱落游离,在食管癌术后吻合口复发中起重要作用,而与病理类型无直接关系.对于E-cadherin表达不同的食管癌,临床治疗要区别对待.     

The clinicopathological characteristics of muscle-invasive bladder recurrence in upper tract urothelial carcinoma

This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and oncological outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who developed muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We identified 966 pTa-4N0-2M0 patients with UTUC who underwent RNU and clarified the risk factors for MIBC progression after initial intravesical recurrence (IVR). We also identified 318 patients with primary pT2-4N0-2M0 MIBC to compare the oncological outcomes with those of patients with UTUC who developed or progressed to MIBC. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination of p53 and FGFR3 expression in tumor specimens was performed to compare UTUC of MIBC origin with primary MIBC. In total, 392 (40.6%) patients developed IVR after RNU and 46 (4.8%) developed MIBC at initial IVR or thereafter. As a result, pT1 stage on the initial IVR specimen, concomitant carcinoma in situ on the initial IVR specimen, and no intravesical adjuvant therapy after IVR were independent factors for MIBC progression. After propensity score matching adjustment, primary UTUC was a favorable indicator for cancer-specific death compared with primary MIBC. Subgroup molecular analysis revealed high FGFR3 expression in non-MIBC and MIBC specimens from primary UTUC, whereas low FGFR3 but high p53 expression was observed in specimens from primary MIBC tissue. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that patients with UTUC who develop MIBC recurrence after RNU exhibited the clinical characteristics of subsequent IVR more than those of primary UTUC. Of note, MIBC subsequent to UTUC may have favorable outcomes, probably due to the different molecular biological background compared with primary MIBC.     

Association of cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity with tumor recurrence and disease progression in superficial urothelial bladder cancer

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The main characteristic of urothelial bladder cancer is a clear predisposition to recurrence and disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the possible relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunoreactivity in superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma and tumor grade, stage, number of recurrences and clinical disease progression. METHODS: In this prospective study 70 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection for superficial urothelial bladder cancer were included. Tumor slides were immunohistochemically stained for COX-2, and COX-2 immunoreactivity in tumor and inflammatory stromal cells was categorized as negative or mildly, moderately or strongly positive. Patients were followed up for 2 years, and during this period the possible association of COX-2 immunoreactivity with tumor stage and grade, number of recurrences and progression of disease was evaluated. RESULTS: COX-2 immunoreactivity in tumor cells was found in 57 (81.4%) patients and did not correlate with tumor grade, stage of disease, number of recurrences, and progression of disease. COX-2 immunoreactivity in inflammatory cells was found in 16 of the 57 patients with COX-2 positive tumors, and was significantly related to the number of recurrences, time to appearance of the first recurrence, and disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 immunoreactivity in inflammatory stromal cells adjacent to the COX-2-positive tumor might be useful in clinical practice for selection of patients with a high risk of tumor recurrence and disease progression.     

Expression of cell cycle proteins in T1a and T1b urothelial bladder carcinoma and their value in predicting tumor progression

BACKGROUND: Cell cycle proteins are important markers in predicting tumor behavior in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the expression levels of some of those markers in a series of patients with bladder carcinoma, 2) to define their value in distinguishing T1a (minimally invasive) from T1b (invasive) tumors, and 3) to evaluate their use as predictive factors in the progression of T1a and T1b tumors. METHODS: Tumor specimens from 101 patients were included (22 Ta specimens, 34 T1a specimens, 15 T1b specimens, and 30 T2 specimens). A tissue microarray from the 101 paraffin embedded tissue blocks was constructed. Immunohistochemistry for p16, p27, p21, p53, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 were performed. To evaluate T1a and T1b tumor progression, clinical and follow-up data were available for all 49 patients. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 and p27 were the only markers that showed a significant association with tumor stage and tumor grade (cyclin D1: P = 0.002 and P > 0.00, respectively; p27: P = 0.024 and P = 0.031, respectively). The results indicated that a combination of p21 (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3-24.8 [P = 0.022]) and p16 (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 0.8-16.5 [P = 0.081]) may have potential use in distinguishing T1b tumors from T1a tumors. Finally, none of the markers examined were found to have predictive value for T1a and T1b tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of cyclin D1 and p27 was associated with the most important prognostic factors (tumor stage and grade). The combination of p21 and p16 may have value in distinguishing T1b tumors from T1a tumors, although this finding must be evaluated in much larger series. Finally, none of the markers studied appeared to have predictive value for disease progression in patients with T1a and T1b urothelial bladder tumors.     

SRSF1和 Caspase -3在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨 SRSF1和 Caspase -3在膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法检测45例膀胱尿路上皮癌及10例正常膀胱尿路上皮中 SRSF1及 Caspase -3的表达情况,并探讨二者的相关性。结果：SRSF1在膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌中高表达,并且与肿瘤的初发和复发、是否转移显著相关。Caspase -3在膀胱尿路上皮癌中低表达,与临床及病理指标均无关。相关性分析表明,膀胱尿路上皮癌中SRSF1表达与 Caspase -3表达呈负相关。结论：SRSF1与膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生、复发及转移密切相关,其可能通过抑制凋亡相关蛋白 Caspase -3来调控细胞周期及凋亡,参与肿瘤的发生及发展。SRSF1的高表达和Caspase -3蛋白的低表达在膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生发展起着重要作用。