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1.
The use of the computerized axial tomography has been well received in the field of otolaryngology. Five cases are presented illustrating the capability of the total body scanner (Delta scanner) to contribute to radiologie diagnosis below the level of the base of the skull. The advantages of non-invasibility and three dimensionality are compared to the disadvantages of added cost, added radiation exposure, comparatively long exposure time and relatively poor detail. Because of the overall usefulness of this diagnostic tool, evolution of rapid scanning devices with greater detail is awaited with interest.  相似文献   

2.
头颈部神经鞘瘤临床分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 探讨头颈部神经鞘瘤的临床特征、诊断及治疗.方法 回顾分析1977~2006年收治的23例头颈部及颅底神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料.结果 头颈部神经鞘瘤主要表现为鼻塞、面瘫和声嘶等症状.20例患者术前行CT或MRI检查,诊断符合率分别为10%和20%.全部患者均行手术切除肿瘤,18例患者术中冰冻切片病理明确诊断.19例完整切除肿瘤,4例切除大部分肿瘤.共有19例术后随访,随访期3个月~10年,15例完整切除者无1例复发,4例部分切除者1例复发.术后并发持续性动眼神经麻痹3例,听力下降1例,声嘶1例.结论 头颈部及颅底神经鞘瘤不易早期诊断,确诊有赖于病理检查,手术完整摘除是有效的治疗方法,预后良好.  相似文献   

3.
目的 提高对头颈部血管平滑肌瘤(angioleiomyoma,ALM)的认识。方法 收集并分析20例头颈部ALM的临床、影像、病理及术后随访资料。结果 女性多见,发病年龄平均52.5岁。无痛性肿块13例、鼻塞或(和)反复鼻出血4例、体检意外发现病变3例。B超示呈瘤体内有较丰富散在点状或条状血流信号;MRI示T1WI呈低-等信号,T2WI呈内部为非均质高信号、边缘为环形低信号,增强后明显强化。HE染色示血管壁平滑肌呈束状排列,血管壁增厚,管腔多呈裂隙状。免疫酶标检测示calponin、desmin和SMA阳性表达;部分病例孕激素、雌激素受体阳性表达。所有病例行肿块切除后无复发、恶变及转移。结论 头颈部ALM行B超和MRI检查有助于诊断,组织学检查和免疫酶标检测可明确诊断,性激素可呈阳性表达,手术治疗预后良好。  相似文献   

4.
Gottschlich S  Ambrosch P  Gross WL  Hellmich B 《HNO》2004,52(10):935-45; quiz 946-7
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is defined as a granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract and systemic vasculitis of small and medium sized vessels which is often accompanied by a necrotizing glomerulonephritis. The etiology of the disease is still unknown. In former times untreated WG usually ended deadly. Immunosuppressive therapy made WG a treatable disease with a chronically relapsing course. Therefore an early diagnosis of WG is of utmost importance. WG usually starts as a limited and localized organ manifestation in the upper respiratory tract and it generalizes, if untreated, with pulmonary and renal involvement. Symptoms in the head and neck region are observed in up to 95% of the patients with WG. Sinusitis, crusting of the nose, development of a saddle nose, middle and inner ear symptoms and subglottic stenosis are common manifestations. Due to the early and common manifestation of WG in the head and neck region the otorhinolaryngologist plays an important role for the early diagnosis and the fast initiation of immunosuppressive therapy but also during follow-up for activity assessment.  相似文献   

5.
Few of the pioneering manufacturers who attempted to develop navigation systems have been able to establish themselves within the market long-term. The same applies to the technological basis of these systems which aid intraoperative anatomical orientation. The first few systems registered the mechanical displacement of the navigational instrument's axes. Optoelectronic and electromagnetic methods are now prevalent. In contrast to electromagnetic systems, the "line of sight" between the camera system, the reference markers placed on the patient's head and the navigation instruments must remain unobstructed during the navigation process when using electrooptical navigation systems. Whereas, in the past, only preoperative CT scans were used for navigation, the integration of MRI and sonography--whose images can now be fused with each other and with those provided by other intraoperative imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy and endosonography--has become increasingly popular. Navigation systems require input of information about spatial conditions. This is carried out via procedures of registration and referencing, by means of which the relative position of reference markers at the head of the patient is correlated with the image data. The equipment is calibrated in the same way. Headsets, headbands and bone-anchored adapters are available for the fixation of the markers in the patient's head. Whereas the use of a headband or headset requires considerably less time, bone-anchored referencing increases the precision of the navigation system. The surgeon must be able to manage the different methods. In order to reduce the time required for preoperative preparation and to enhance the handling of the navigation processor for the surgeon, it is essential to have a clear menu. The surgeon is able to plan the steps involved in the surgery using the processor, define the access to the surgical site and control the surgery intraoperatively. Preoperative segmentation of functionally and clinically relevant structures enables minimally invasive surgery to be carried out, such as procedures with the aim of acquiring biopsy tissue and the search for foreign bodies. Following the technical development of the systems, the manufacturers are endeavouring to simplify their handling in close coordination with the users. The next step has to be the clinical evaluation of the navigation systems in accordance with the EBM standard, in order to establish this assistive method as routine clinical practice while applying meaningful medical criteria.  相似文献   

6.
In the present study 109 cases of Heck swellings were subjectedto F.V.A.C. examination. H vases teere found to he positive for lymphomas with 62.5% eases presenting as cervical lymphade.nopathy. Median age of presentation tints 48 years with preponderance of femulr patients. 57.2% of the patients presented in stage I of the disease.  相似文献   

7.
Thirteen cases of neurogenic tumor in the head and neck region experienced during the past fifteen years were reported. Six of them were neurilemmomas, three neurofibromas associated with von Recklinghausen's disease, two ganglioneuromas and two paragangliomas (chemodectomas). Representative cases were reported in detail in conjunction with considerations regarding diagnosis, treatment, and histopathologic findings by reviewing pertinent papers.  相似文献   

8.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) arises outside the bone marrow, particularly in the head and neck region (nasopharynx, nose cavity, sinuses, and tonsils), and can be associated with multiple myeloma (MM). Three cases of EMP in the head and neck region are described: a first case describes an EMP of the subglottis 3 years after treatment of MM, a second case of an EMP solitary in the middle ear presenting as a jugular foramen syndrome, and a third case of an EMP localised at the epiglottis, recurring at the floor of the nose cavity. Treatment of each EMP was surgical. We reviewed literature about aetiology, clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis. Important presenting symptoms vary from epistaxis, rhinorrhoea, a sore throat, dysphonia to haemoptoea. Association with MM must be confirmed or excluded. Histopathological examination, with immunological staining or flow cytometry confirms the diagnosis. CT and MRI are useful in staging EMP. The treatment of EMP is surgery and/or radiotherapy. The prognosis depends on tumour size (>5 cm) and nodal involvement. The 10-year survival rate is 50-80%.  相似文献   

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Congenital cysts of the neck are not uncommon. Most of these are thyroglossal, branchial cleft and thymic cysts. Bronchogenic cysts are uncommon developmental anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree and rarely occur in the neck. More than 70 cases of bronchogenic cysts in the head and neck region have been reported in the literature. We report three cases presenting with neck swelling in the hyoid region that were diagnosed as bronchogenic cysts based on clinical and histopathological findings.  相似文献   

12.
Intramuscular haemangiomas are rare benign haemangiomas occurring within the skeletal muscle. These are uncommon tumours in the head and neck region and occur most frequently on the trunk and extremities. Fewer than 80 cases of intra-muscular haemangioma in the head and neck region have been reported in the literature. A case of intramuscular haemangioma of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is presented. The review of occurrence and natural history of such tumours is described and clinical and radiological presentation, histological classifications and treatment modalities are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Schwannoma of the head and neck region   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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14.
头颈部横纹肌肉瘤的治疗   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 探讨头颈部横纹肌肉瘤的临床表现和病理类型、治疗与预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院28例横纹肌肉瘤的临床及随访资料.结果 28例中10例行手术加化疗、放疗,6例手术加化疗,2例手术加放疗,2例化疗加放疗,4例单纯化疗,2例单纯放疗,2例姑息性手术切除.总生存率3年为57.14%,5年为28.57%,其中有2例生存超过10年,均为胚胎型,属于Ⅰ期病例,采用了广泛切除术加化疗.8例生存超过5年的病例中,胚胎型6例,腺泡型1例,多形型1例.结论 采用手术与放疗和化疗综合治疗方案能明显提高患者,特别是早期患者的生存率.  相似文献   

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PURPOSE: BMS-275183 is an orally bioavailable taxane that has antitumor activity in preclinical cancer models. However, limited BMS-275183 studies have been performed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. The purpose of this study is to identify the biological activity of BMS-275183 on HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, HN6, HN12, and HN30, were exposed to BMS-275183. BMS-275183-induced growth suppression, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis were measured. Then, expression of selected proteins that were induced by BMS-275183 was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: BMS-275183 suppressed proliferation and induced G(2)M arrest and apoptosis in all HNSCC cell lines tested. BMS-275183 altered the expression of cell-cycle regulators, such as cyclin A and cyclin B1. The expression of E2F and p27 was decreased and increased, respectively, in all HNSCC cell lines. Cleaved caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were increased in HN6 and HN12 cells. epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were decreased by BMS-275183 in HN6 and HN30 cell lines, whereas phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) was decreased in only HN6 cells. CONCLUSIONS: BMS-275183 induced cellular apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and altered gene expression in HNSCC via molecular pathways similar to other taxanes. These preclinical experiments suggest that BMS-275183 may be useful in treating HNSCC and that the aforementioned genes can potentially be used as surrogate end-point biomarkers.  相似文献   

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The present article describes a pseudotumor of the hypopharynx, and deteriorating breathing and swallowing in a 72-year-old man. The pseudotumor was due to advanced HIV-infection and is the first such case to be described. Additionally, the article reviews the literature concerning otorhinolaryngeal diseases as primary manifestations of HIV infection.  相似文献   

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