对氧磷酶1 55 Met/Leu、对氧磷酶2 148 Ala/Gly基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关系

目的探讨对氧磷酶1 55Met/Leu(paraoxonase 1, PON1 55Met/Leu)、对氧磷酶2 148 Ala/Gly(PON2148 Ala/Gly)基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)、血浆对氧磷酶(paraoxonase,PON)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase, T-SOD)活性以及丙二醛(maleic dialdehyde, MDA)浓度的关系.方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测262例冠心病患者和100名对照的PON1 55Met/Leu、PON2 148 Ala/Gly基因多态性,采用比色法测定血浆PON、T-SOD活性以及MDA浓度.结果与对照比较,冠心病患者的血浆PON[(349.27±138.36) nmol/min· mL vs. (454.75±166.00) nmol/min*mL, P<0.01]、T-SOD[(23.61±16.51) U/mL vs. (44.01±22.68) U/mL, P<0.01]活性明显降低,MDA浓度显著增高[(2.47±0.73) nmol/mL vs. (2.15±0.55) nmol/mL, P<0.01];冠心病患者的PON1 55 LM杂合子基因型(24.8% vs. 1.4%, P<0.01)、M等位基因频率(12.4% vs. 0.5%,P=0.001),PON2148 GG纯合子基因型和AG 杂合子基因型(11.8% vs. 5.0%和48.1% vs. 24.0%, P<0.01)、G等位基因频率(36.0% vs. 17.0%, P<0.01)较对照组明显增高;PON1 55 LM杂合子基因型的PON和T-SOD活性较LL纯合子基因型明显降低(P<0.01和P<0.05);PON2148 GG基因型和AG基因型的PON活性较AA基因型明显降低(P<0.01);Logistic回归分析显示PON1 55 LM杂合子基因型、M等位基因、PON2 148GG/AG基因型、G等位基因是冠心病的危险因子.结论冠心病患者的血浆PON和T-SOD活性明显降低,MDA浓度显著增高;PON1 55Met/Leu的LM基因型和M等位基因、PON2148 Ala/Gly的GG/AG基因型和G等位基因是冠心病的危险因子,并且与其他基因型相比,这些基因型患者的血浆PON活性降低.     

c-Jun氨基末端激酶-激活蛋白1信号通路调控血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达

目的探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶-激活蛋白1信号通路在肾小球肾炎单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达中的作用.方法实验性肾炎应用兔抗鼠肾小球基底膜肾毒血清制备.应用凝胶电泳迁移率、超迁移实验和非放射性激酶活性检测法检测实验性肾炎肾组织和体外培养的肾小球系膜细胞内激活蛋白1活化及其组成以及c-Jun氨基末端激酶活性,应用核酸酶保护法检测体外培养的肾小球系膜细胞中单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达.结果实验性肾炎大鼠肾组织中c-Jun氨基末端激酶和激活蛋白1活性明显增强,分别是正常对照组的(3.82±0.58)倍和(5.36±0.61)倍,活化的激活蛋白1主要含有c-Jun和c-Fos亚基;c-Jun氨基末端激酶和激活蛋白1活化与单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达呈显著正相关.血管紧张素Ⅱ可诱导体外培养的肾小球系膜细胞单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达、c-Jun氨基末端激酶和激活蛋白1活化,其作用呈剂量依赖性增加,100 nmol/L血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达、c-Jun氨基末端激酶和激活蛋白1活性增加分别是对照组的(20.99±4.71)倍、(6.91±1.65)倍和(7.82±1.32)倍;应用c-Jun氨基末端激酶特异性抑制剂SP600125显著抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导激活蛋白1活化和单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达.结论血管紧张素Ⅱ可通过诱导c-Jun氨基末端激酶-激活蛋白1信号通路促进单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达,从而在肾小球肾炎中发挥一定的作用.     

辅酶Q10改善大鼠微循环障碍的实验研究

目的研究辅酶 Q10改善大鼠微循环障碍的作用.方法 SD大鼠 12只,实验组、对照组各 6只.用 10%高分子右旋糖酐( MW>20万)复制大鼠微循环障碍模型( 2～ 3 ml/ 100 g B. W-1· d-1),经口灌服 CoQ 10,剂量 1 mg· 100 g B. W-1· d-1,对照组用等量盐水代替. 3 d后作肠系膜微循环活体观察.用活体微循环显微电视电脑系统观察测量微动脉、微静脉口径、 RBC流速、 RBC聚集、白细胞黏附,并测血浆乳酸含量与乳酸脱氢酶( LDH)活力.结果经口灌服 CoQ 10 3 d后心率明显降低 [实验组 (326± 19)次 /min,对照组 (411± 35)次 /min, P<0. 05], 毛细血管红细胞流速明显加快 [(442± 102)μ m/s与 (210± 80)μ m/s, P<0.05],红细胞聚集积分明显减少( 1. 60± 0. 2与 2. 8± 0. 3, P<0.05).白细胞黏附数降低 [( 10. 2± 4.0)个 /min与 (18. 6± 4. 8)个 /min, P<0.05].与此同时血浆乳酸含量 [( 2. 02± 0.15)mmol/L与 (10. 57± 0.17)mmol/L]和 LDH[(1431. 55± 376. 87)μ /L与 (4641.67± 193. 42)μ /L]均有非常显著降低.结论 CoQ 10具有治疗微循环障碍,改善细胞缺氧,减轻细胞损伤的作用.     

同型半胱氨酸和叶酸对内皮细胞tPA合成及其mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及叶酸对内皮细胞纤溶系统的作用,观察Hcy和叶酸对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)含量及其mRNA表达的影响. 方法将体外培养的HUVEC分为10个实验组0、10、50、200、500μmol/L 浓度Hcy组及叶酸(15μmol/L)和上述各Hcy共同培养组,培养24*!h后,酶联免疫吸附实验法(ELISA)测定各组细胞上清液中的tPA含量,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)半定量分析各组tPA mRNA表达水平. 结果与单纯培养基组(0μmol/L Hcy)相比,10μmol/L Hcy组(生理浓度组)tPA 含量及mRNA表达明显增高(P<0.05).超生理剂量Hcy时,tPA含量及mRNA表达剂量依赖性地下降,但与对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05).而与生理浓度Hcy相比,当Hcy浓度达到500μmol/L时,tPA合成及mRNA表达水平均明显减少(P<0.05).加入叶酸后,可以减弱Hcy抑制tPA合成及mRNA表达的作用,500μmol/L Hcy共同培养组与单纯Hcy组相比具有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论高Hcy可下调tPA 的mRNA表达,减少内皮细胞tPA的分泌,可能降低纤溶系统的活性.叶酸则可减少高Hcy引起内皮细胞纤溶系统的损害,起到保护作用.生理浓度的Hcy可上调tPA 的mRNA表达,增加内皮细胞tPA的分泌,可能提高纤溶系统的活性.     

寒冷应激对小鼠脑内一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的影响研究

目的探讨寒冷应激(-10℃、10h)对小鼠脑内一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响及意义.方法将40只雄性昆明品系小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,每组20只.寒冷应激实验结束后取脑组织检测一氧化氮含量及一氧化氮合酶活性.结果对照组NO及NOS分别为21.12±8.68μmol/gprot、2.21±0.57U/mgprot.实验组为16.03±6.98μmol/gprot、2.84±0.79U/mgprot.寒冷应激后NO水平降低并有统计学意义(t=2.58,P<0.05),NOS活性增高并有统计学意义(t=-2.72,P<0.05).应激后NO与NOS呈显著性负相关(r=-0.461,P<0.05).结论神经递质NO及NOS参与了中枢神经寒冷应激反应,且NO水平降低、NOS活性增高,可能对中枢神经细胞主要起保护作用.在寒冷应激后期吸入适量NO可能增强脑神经元对寒冷应激的耐受性.     

气道给rhSOD对胎粪诱导肺损伤中NF-κB及MIP-1α表达的影响

目的：观察早期经气道给予重组人超氧化物歧化酶（rhSOD）对胎粪诱导大鼠肺NF-κB和炎症因子MIP-1α表达的影响，以探讨其在胎粪诱导肺损伤中的作用及其机制。 方法： 24只雄性SD大鼠，随机分为：（1）对照组（control）,经气管插管注入生理盐水1 mL/kg；（2）胎粪+生理盐水处理组（Mec/saline）；（3）胎粪+ rhSOD治疗组(Mec/rhSOD)。后两者先由气管插管注入20%新生儿胎粪生理盐水混悬液1 mL/kg建立急性肺损伤模型，再分别经气管插管注入生理盐水1 mL/kg或rhSOD 20 g·L-1·kg-1。24 h后取材， RT-PCR法测定肺组织MIP-1α mRNA、Western blotting法测定NF-κB蛋白表达改变，同时行支气管肺泡灌洗液（BAL）细胞计数。 结果： Mec/saline组大鼠BAL细胞计数、肺组织MIP-1α mRNA和NF-κB蛋白表达均明显高于control组［(4.68±1.40)×109 cells/L vs (0.53±0.19)×109 cells/L, 3.60±0.75 vs 1.56±0.33， 0.72±0.31 vs 0.23±0.21］，（均P<0.01）； Mec/rhSOD组大鼠BAL细胞计数、肺组织MIP-1α mRNA和NF-κB蛋白表达分别为(3.13±0.77)×109cells/L、2.20±0.39和0.44±0.21，均显著低于Mec/saline组（均P<0.01），但仍显著高于control组（均P<0.01）。 结论： 早期经气道给rhSOD可能通过抑制肺MIP-1α和NF-κB表达而减轻胎粪诱导的肺炎症反应。     

PKC/Raf-1/NF-κB信号通路在低氧诱导大鼠单核细胞表达TNF-α中的作用

目的：研究PKC/Raf-1/NF-κB信号通路在低氧诱导大鼠外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）表达中的作用，探讨低氧与全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的关系，为进一步研究老年多器官功能障碍综合征(MODSE)的肺启动机制奠定基础。方法:采用明胶法分离大鼠外周血单核细胞，分为chelerythrine+低氧组、forskolin+低氧组和单纯低氧组。Chelerythrine+低氧组和forskolin+低氧组细胞在低氧前分别予10 μmol/L chelerythrine和50 μmol/L forskolin预处理。然后各组均于低氧条件下（3 % O2, 5 % CO2, 92 % N2）培养0、1、3、6、9、12、24 h后，收集细胞及培养液上清，分别采用PKC、Raf活性检测试剂盒、电泳迁移分析法（EMSA）、逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测PKC、Raf-1、NF-κB活性及TNF-α表达量。结果:低氧1-9 h，PKC、Raf-1活性、NF-κB结合活性及TNF-α表达量显著高于正常对照组（P<0.01）。低氧后1-24 h，PKC、Raf-1活性、NF-κB结合活性与TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达水平间呈显著正相关（P<0.01，P<0.05）。10 μmol/L chelerythrine可显著抑制低氧诱导的PKC、Raf-1、NF-κB活性升高和TNF-α表达。50 μmol/L forskolin可显著抑制低氧诱导的Raf-1、NF-κB活性升高及TNF-α表达。结论:低氧可显著增强大鼠外周血单核细胞的PKC、Raf-1活性及NF-κB结合活性,并可诱导其产生大量的促炎症因子TNF-α，这些变化可能与急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）时血浆中大量促炎症因子持续存在密切相关。     

胚胎血管发育早期PDGF-BB对血管平滑肌细胞趋化的影响

目的：建立胚胎血管发育早期血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）趋化模型，并观察胚胎血管发育早期血小板源性生长因子-BB（PDGF-BB）对VSMCs趋化的影响。方法：采用转染平滑肌特异性蛋白SM22α启动子控制下表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）报告基因载体的胚胎干细胞制备拟胚体，然后接种于under-agarose凝胶作为平滑肌细胞趋化模型。用慢速视频显微摄像技术观察拟胚体分化后表达GFP的VSMCs，分析比较不同浓度PDGF-BB对VSMCs分化和移行的影响。结果：在under-agarose凝胶中，拟胚体在无外源性生长因子存在的条件下可自发向心肌细胞、内皮细胞和VSMCs分化。拟胚体贴壁分化20 d时，对照组及4 种浓度PDGF-BB（5 μg/L、10 μg/L、20 μg/L、50 μg/L）组VSMCs的平均迁移速率分别为（94.07±23.80）μm/h、（118.08±31.63）μm/h、（173.53±24.58）μm/h、（380.74±39.56）μm/h和（335.62±32.16）μm/h，峰值浓度为20 μg/L。经浓度大于10 μg/L PDGF-BB处理后，VSMCs向PDGF-BB孔方向移行，对照组、低浓度PDGF-BB组VSMCs呈不规则性迁移。结论：该模型能够模拟胚胎血管发育早期全过程，可用于研究不同生长因子对VSMCs趋化的影响。外源性PDGF-BB能定向诱导胚胎血管发育早期VSMCs迁移，其定向趋化作用在一定浓度范围内呈量效关系。     

内毒素脂多糖诱导培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞表达巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α

目的了解内毒素脂多糖是否诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)表达巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)。方法使培养的HUVEC暴露于不同浓度的脂多糖,用地高辛标记的MIP-1αcDNA探针与HUVEC的总。RNA进行斑点杂交,并与HUVEC进行原位杂交,同时用HUVEC的总RNA与MIP-1α引物的混合物进行逆转录．聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),以检测HUVEC的MIP-1αmRNA的表达;再者,将培养的HUVEC用MIP-1α单克隆抗体进行细胞酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),以检测其MIP-1α蛋白表达。结果斑点杂交显示,暴露于浓度为1μg／,ml和10μg／,ml脂多糖时HUVEcmRNA在硝酸纤维素膜上斑点的积分吸光度(A)值分别为1．490和3．310,分别为对照组(0．775)的1．97倍和4．38倍。原位杂交显示,当HUVEC暴露于浓度为1μg／,ml脂多糖后,其MIP-1α mRNA表达与对照组相比有明显增加,方差分析表明,差异有非常显著性(F=142．83,P＜0．01)。但当其暴露于10μg／ml脂多糖后,其MIP-1α mRNA表达则较低。RT-PCR显示,暴露于浓度为1、5和10μg／ml脂多糖时HUVEC的MIP-1α mRNA表达分别为对照组的1．65倍、2．86倍和1．26倍。细胞ELISA显示,各组HUVEC暴露于脂多糖后,其MIP-1α蛋白表达均明显增加,尤以5μg／ml脂多糖组最为显著。方差分析表明,差异有显著性(F=15．36,P＜0．05)。结论内毒素脂多糖可诱导培养的HUVEC表达高水平的MIP-1αmRNA和蛋白,从而在动脉内膜的单核／巨噬细胞的募集起重要作用。     

转血管内皮生长因子基因对血管损伤后重塑的影响及机制探讨

目的观察局部转染pAdtrackCMV-VEGF165对血管球囊拉伤后重塑的影响并探讨可能机制.方法 90只新西兰大白兔随机分为3组,Ⅰ组(30只)单纯拉伤腹主动脉和右髂动脉;Ⅱ组(30只)拉伤后局部转染真核表达质粒pAdtrackCMV;Ⅲ组(30只)拉伤后局部转染pAdtrackCMV-VEGF165;每组按实验终点(术后3 d、1周、2周、4周和8周)随机分为5个亚组,术前1周开始给予高脂饮食,继以高脂饮食喂养至实验终点.取拉伤段腹主动脉用于总RNA提取,拉伤段髂动脉4%甲醛原位灌注固定后用于组织病理和免疫组织化学检测.结果 3组动物血脂水平保持在正常的5～10倍,组间血管损伤程度评分相似(P>0.05).术后2周时,Ⅲ组血管内膜加中膜面积明显小于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组[(0.50±0.32) mm2比(0.94±0.34) mm2、(0.92±0.43) mm2, P<0.05],4周时Ⅲ组血管外弹力板下围绕面积明显大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组[(1.89±0.31) mm2比(1.40±0.20) mm2、(1.36±0.21) mm2, P<0.05],狭窄程度明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组[(11.1±3.1) mm2比(54.2±7.6) mm2、(57.4±7.7) mm2, P<0.01];术后3 d时,Ⅲ组血管组织可检测到VEGF165、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)1,2,9及其组织抑制因子(TIMP)1,2表达,2周时达高峰,8周时无表达;而Ⅰ、Ⅱ组整个观察过程中可检测到MMP2、TIMP1、2持续表达,MMP1表达低下,TIMP1/MMP1比值明显大于Ⅲ组(P<0.01).结论病理性重塑是血管损伤后再狭窄的主要原因,局部转染VEGF165基因选择性改变局部MMPs表达,促进基质降解和适应性重塑,有效防止再狭窄.     

Specific Elisas for the Detection of Human Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Alpha and Beta

Mononuclear cell elicitation has gained renewed interest with the discovery of a supergene family of small polypeptide chemotactic cytokines (<10 kD). These chemotactic cytokines have been divided into the C-X-C and C-C chemokine families depending upon whether the first two conserved cysteine amino acid residues are separated by one amino acid or are in juxtaposition, respectively. A salient feature of the C-C chemokine family is their ability to induce both monocyte and lymphocyte chemotaxis. Although monocyte and lymphocyte migration in vitro is measured in chemotactic bioassays, this technique often fails to determine the specific quantitative contribution of a chemotaxin to a biological specimen. Our laboratory has developed two sensitive and specific sandwich ELISAs for the detection of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and beta (MIP-1α and MIP-1β). The lower threshold for detection of both MIP-1α and MIP-1β was 100 pg/ml, and both of these ELISAs were efficacious for the detection of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in conditioned media from pulmonary fibroblasts, monocytes, neutrophils, and a pulmonary epithelial cell line. The development of these ELISAs will allow the measurement of MIP-1α and MIP-1β from biologically relevant fluids and ascertain whether these two C-C chemokines are present in disease.     

Chemokine receptor expression and chemotactic responsiveness of human monocytes after influenza A virus infection

Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in site-directed migration and activation of leukocytes. To understand how viral infections may impair this function, we analyzed chemokine receptor expression and responsiveness of human monocytes after infection with influenza A virus. Whereas treatment with infectious virus induced a rapid down-regulation of the CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-specific receptor CCR2, inactivated virus did not significantly alter CCR2 surface expression. In parallel, the response to CCL2/MCP-1 was lost after infection with active virus: Neither a CCL2/MCP-1-induced shift of intracellular calcium concentrations nor the chemotactic response to CCL2/MCP-1 was detectable. In striking contrast, the presence of CCR1 and CCR5 on the cell surface remained unchanged or was even slightly up-regulated after viral infection. However, the remaining expression of CCR1 and CCR5 correlated reciprocally with an ongoing unresponsiveness to the CCR1 and CCR5 agonists CCL3/macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), CCL4/MIP-1beta, and CCL5/regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), all chemokines binding to these two receptors. The CCL3/MIP-1alpha-induced shifts of intracellular calcium concentrations declined gradually to almost undetectable levels, and most conspiciuously, the chemotactic response to CCL3/MIP-1alpha, CCL4/MIP-1beta, and CCL5/RANTES was lost after infection with active influenza virus. Inactivated virus particles did not significantly alter the responsiveness induced by CCR1 and CCR5 agonists. Despite the inability of chemokine receptors to elicit migration, phosphorylation of protein kinase B was not altered in virus-infected monocytes. Thus, influenza A virus infection rapidly abolishes the functional responsiveness of monocytes and prevents an adequate response of the infected cells to chemokine stimulation.     

Increase of CCR1 and CCR5 expression and enhanced functional response to MIP-1 alpha during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages

Chemokines and their receptors regulate migration of leukocytes under normal and inflammatory conditions. In this study, we analyzed the CC chemokine receptor (CCR) expression of monocytes differentiating in vitro to macrophages. We observed a time-dependent change of expression and functional responsiveness of CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5 within 48 h. Whereas freshly harvested monocytes were strongly attracted by monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), a specific ligand for CCR2, only a weak response was observed to macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), which binds to CCR1 and CCR5. In striking contrast, differentiated macrophages displayed a strong chemotactic response to MIP-1alpha and only a weak response to MCP-1. These findings were paralleled by intracellular calcium shifts. During the time course of monocyte to macrophage differentiation, mRNA levels and surface expression of CCR2 decreased, whereas that of CCR1 and CCR5 increased. The time-dependent switch from CCR2 on monocytes to CCR1 and CCR5 on mature macrophages reflects a functional change belonging to the differentiation process of monocytes to macrophages and may form the basis for a differential responsiveness of monocytes and macrophages to distinct sets of chemokines.     

The production of chemotactic cytokines in an allogeneic response. The role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3.

The in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is regarded as a model of responsiveness to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex antigens and has historically been used to elucidate the pathway of T lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, the MLR response may reflect activation pathways relevant in acute allograft rejection. In the present study, we have applied the MLR to examine the role of adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 in the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as chemotactic cytokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha). Monoclonal antibodies to the adhesion molecules (5 micrograms/ml) were added to one-way human MLR cultures and supernatants collected at various time points. The monoclonal antibodies to the adhesion molecules significantly suppressed the proliferative response by 50 to 80%. Cytokine production, TNF-alpha (3.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml), MIP-1 alpha (12.9 +/- 3.3 ng/ml), MCP-1 (18.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml), and IL-8 (57 +/- 18 ng/ml) peaked on day 5 of the assay. The addition of anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to the cultures suppressed TNF-alpha, MIP-1 alpha, MCP-1, and IL-8 production by 68% (1.05 +/- 0.29 ng/ml), 85% (2.0 +/- 1.2 ng/ml), 63% (6.8 +/- 2.9 ng/ml), and 47% (30.3 +/- 3.7 ng/ml), respectively. Likewise, the addition of anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 monoclonal antibody suppressed the cytokines by 78% (0.71 +/- 0.34 ng/ml), 66% (4.5 +/- 2.2 ng/ml), 52% (8.8 +/- 2.2 ng/ml), and 73% (15.7 +/- 4.4 ng/ml), respectively. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that monocytes were the primary source of the chemokines IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1 alpha. The addition of exogenous recombinant TNF-alpha (5 ng/ml) or recombinant IL-2 (5 units/ml) to the anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1-treated cultures allowed the recovery of the proliferative response as well as restoration of IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-8, but not MCP-1 or MIP-1 alpha, indicating that both soluble and adhesion molecule signals are required for the production of the C-C family of chemokines in allogeneic responses. Thus, the events resulting in cellular proliferation and chemokine production were dependent on adhesion molecule interactions.     

同型半胱氨酸对单核细胞NF-κB活化及巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α表达的影响

目的　探讨同型半胱氨酸对体外培养的人单核细胞株THP -1核因子-κB(NF -κB)、抑制因子(IκB- α)活性的影响及其与巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(MIP- 1α)表达上调的关系。方法　THP -1单核细胞分别用同型半胱氨酸和NF- κB抑制剂PDTC预处理后,应用Northernblot和流式细胞术分别检测MIP- 1αmRNA和蛋白的表达,并应用Western蛋白印迹进一步检测核蛋白NF -κB蛋白含量和胞质IκB -α含量。结果　与未加任何处理因素的对照组比较,MIP- 1αmRNA和蛋白在0. 1mmol/L同型半胱氨酸处理后明显增加,分别为对照组的3 .69倍和1 .16倍(P<0 .01),同时NF κBP65亚基核转位亦增加。而加入100μmol/LNF κB抑制剂PDTC预处理30min后,再用同样浓度的同型半胱氨酸刺激,则MIP -1αmRNA和蛋白表达受到明显的抑制,NF- κBP65核转位增加。单独加入PDTC对MIP -1αmRNA、蛋白表达及NF -κBP65核转位无明显影响。此外,同型半胱氨酸( 0 .1mmol/L)处理THP- 1可引起IκB -α蛋白水平显著降低, 120min后有所回升。结论　同型半胱氨酸在病理浓度可促进NF -κB活化,发生核转位,进而促进THP -1细胞表达MIP 1αmRNA和蛋白,这种作用与IκB -α蛋白磷酸化降解有关。     

Chemotaxis of human tonsil B lymphocytes to CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, CCR2 and CCR4 ligands is restricted to non-germinal center cells

We have investigated the effects of nine CC chemokines, i.e. macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha/CCL3, MIP-1beta/CCL4, MIP-3alpha/CCL20, MIP-5/CCL15, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, MCP-3/CCL7, eotaxin/CCL11 and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22 on the locomotion of human tonsil B lymphocytes and their subsets. Upon isolation, B cells were poorly responsive, but, following short-term culture, they displayed statistically significant chemotactic responses (P < 0.001) to MIP-1alpha, MIP-5, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MDC. CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1 to CCR6 were up-regulated after culture. MIP-1beta, MIP-3alpha and eotaxin did not stimulate B cell migration. Scattered information is available on B cell subset responses to chemokines. Therefore, we investigated the effects of MIP-1alpha, MIP-5, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MDC on the in vitro locomotion of non-germinal center (GC) (CD38(-)) and GC (CD38(+)) B cells. All chemokines enhanced significantly (P < 0.001) the migration of the former, but not of the latter, cells. CCR1, CCR2 and CCR4 were detected by flow cytometry on non-GC (i.e. naive and memory) B cells, whereas they were absent (CCR1 and CCR2) or poorly expressed (CCR4) on GC B cells.     

培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞产生单核细胞趋化因子的研究

The blood monocytes have been well known as one of the origins of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaque, but the mechanism controlling the migration of monocytes into the subendothelial space is still unclear. The chemotactic activity of the conditioned medium from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells for human blood monocytes was investigated by micropore filter assay; meanwhile, heat stability and enzyme digestion assays were undertaken. The results showed that the conditioned medium from the cultured endothelial cells was significantly chemotactic rather than chemokinetic for monocytes. The conditioned medium from the cultured endothelial cells still retained the chemotactic activity for monocytes although it was heated at 80C and 100C for 15 min respectively, whereas after digestion with protease, the chemotactic activity vanished. From the above-mentioned facts, it is reasonable to believe that cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells can secrete a chemotactic factor for monocytes, which is a kind of peptide.     

Dysregulation of beta-chemokines in the lungs of HIV-1-infected patients

The beta-chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and regulated-on-activation normal T cell, expressed and secreted (RANTES) are not only chemotactic for mononuclear cells but may be important in suppression of HIV-1 replication through competitive binding to the chemokine receptor, CCR5, which is critical to viral entry. In this study, bronchoalveolar cells (BACs) and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from HIV-1-infected participants who did not manifest clinical signs of lung disease with peripheral CD4 T-cell count >200/mm(3) (n = 7, group with high CD4 count), or CD4 T-cell count <200/mm(3) (n = 12, group with low CD4 count), and from healthy study subjects (n = 5). The capacity to express beta-chemokines and CCR5 was assessed. Induction of MIP-1 alpha by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BAC of HIV-1-infected study subjects from the low CD4 group was less than BAC from healthy study subjects (p <.001), and also was less than in BACs from the group with a high CD4 group (p <.001). Moreover, the intracellular expression of MIP-1 alpha in LPS-induced monocytes of HIV-1-infected patients was significantly less than that from healthy study subjects (p <.01). In addition, spontaneous expression of mRNAs for CCR5 and MIP-1 alpha in BAC was significantly lower in HIV-1-infected patients compared with in healthy study subjects (p <.03 and p <.02, respectively). In contrast to the findings with MIP-1 alpha, LPS stimulated MCP-1 in BAC from the group of HIV-1-infected patients with high CD4 count was significantly higher than healthy study subjects (p <.001). These dysregulations in the ability to express beta-chemokines by BAC may be important in the progression of HIV-1 infection in the lung.