单磷酸类脂A预处理对内毒素血症氧自由基的影响

目的探讨单磷酸类脂A(MPLA)对内毒素血症小鼠的预防性保护作用及其可能的机制.方法实验分为两部分.首先观察MPLA预处理对内毒素血症小鼠存活率的影响.第二,选90只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分成3组,每组30只(1)假手术组;(2)内毒素血症组;(3)MPLA预处理组.每组又分成2h、4h及6h3个时相点.MPLA的预处理剂量为100μg小鼠.分别于生理盐水或LPS注射后相应时相点取血、肝和肺组织测血浆丙二醛(MDA)以及肝、肺组织MDA,并且行肝和肺组织病理学检查.结果MPLA3d前预处理在100μg剂量时能明显提高内毒素血症小鼠24h的存活率(60%25%,P＜0.05).内毒素血症时小鼠血MDA及肝、肺组织中MDA水平早期就显著升高,而MPLA预处理则可显著抑制内毒素血症小鼠MDA水平.MPIA预处理可减轻内毒素所致小鼠肝及肺组织的组织病理改变.讨论氧自由基在组织内的大量积聚并造成组织非特异损伤和脏器功能障碍与内毒素血症的发生发展有密切的关系.氧自由基攻击细胞和细胞器膜磷脂中的不饱和脂肪酸,经链式或支链式反应生成一系列脂质过氧化物,从而导致细胞和细胞器膜结构的损伤和功能紊乱.那么,MPLA是否能通过防止氧自由基损伤途径来对内毒素血症(或休克)起保护作用呢?尚未见任何报道.丙二醛(MDA)为细胞膜脂质过氧化的终产物,它的含量高低可以较好地反应氧自由基对组织细胞膜结构的损害程度.本实验结果显示MPLA预处理可显著抑制内毒素血症小鼠MDA水平,并且能明显减轻内毒素血症小鼠肝和肺组织的病理改变.结果MPLA预处理可以减少甚至完全阻断内毒素血症时氧自由基的生成,从而减轻氧自由基对组织和细胞的损伤作用,对内毒素血症小鼠起到保护作用.结论MPLA预处理可提高内毒素血症小鼠的存活率并且能抑制MDA的水平以及减轻组织病理改变.     

内毒素血症在大鼠肝硬化发生发展中的作用

目的:探讨内毒素血症在大鼠肝硬化发生发展过程中的作用。方法:采用饮水中加入硫代乙酰胺(TAA),另一组同时小剂量注射脂多糖(LPS),以观察其对肝硬化形成的影响。结果:TAA可使动物血浆内毒素水平与肝脏胶原蛋白含量明显增高,且二者存在直线相关;血浆和肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均增加,而且血浆中各成分含量均与内毒素血症呈正相关;在TAA+LPS组动物唯有TNFα浓度和胶原蛋白含量明显高于TAA组。结论:在肝硬化形成过程中内毒素可能主要通过激活枯否细胞分泌TNFα发挥其作用,但ET-1、NO和自由基也参与其中。     

叉头框蛋白O1在内毒素血症急性肾损伤中的作用

目的:探讨叉头框蛋白O1(forkhead box protein O1,FOXO1)在内毒素血症急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)中的作用及相关机制。方法:6~8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠腹腔内注射脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS;10 mg/kg)诱导内毒素血症AKI模型,检测血清肌酐和血尿素氮。利用Western blot、RT-qPCR和免疫荧光等方法检测小鼠肾组织内FOXO1的表达变化。体外培养人近端肾小管上皮细胞HK-2,LPS诱导内毒素血症AKI肾小管上皮细胞模型,利用FOXO1过表达腺病毒感染HK-2细胞,MTT法检测细胞活力;MitoTracker标记线粒体形态学变化;Mito-SOX检测线粒体超氧化物含量改变;检测FOXO1、促凋亡因子Bax及线粒体氧化磷酸化相关分子mRNA变化,以观察线粒体氧化损伤变化情况。结果:内毒素血症AKI小鼠肾组织FOXO1 mRNA及蛋白表达下调。体外LPS刺激可引起HK-2细胞活力下降,线粒体片段化改变,线粒体超氧化物含量升高,FOXO1 mRNA及蛋白表达下调,Bax表达上调,线粒体氧化磷酸化相关分子mRNA下调;而过表达FOXO1可提高肾小管上皮细胞活力,减轻线粒体片段化及氧化磷酸化功能损伤。结论:肾小管上皮细胞FOXO1下调介导了内毒素血症AKI肾小管上皮细胞损伤;过表达FOXO1可减轻内毒素所引起的肾小管上皮细胞线粒体损伤。本研究为内毒素血症AKI的防治提供了新的治疗靶点。     

CCK—8抑制内毒素休克大鼠细胞因子的生成

目的研究八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)对脂多糖(LPS)引起的大鼠内毒素性休克(ES)的低血压及脾脏和肺脏超微结构改变的影响,进一步探讨与一氧化氮/一氧化氮合酶(NO/NOS)和MDA/SOD含量及活性变化的关系.方法使用生理多道记录仪,观察尾静脉注入LPS(8mg/kgiv)复制的大鼠ES模型、LPS注入前10min尾静脉注入CCK-8(40μg/kgiv)、单独注入CCK-8(40μg/kgiv)或生理盐水(对照)的四组大鼠血压的改变,应用光镜观察给药后30min、2h、6h各组脾脏和肺脏结构改变,透射电镜观察6h各组脾脏和肺脏超微结构改变.检测6h各组血清、脾脏和肺脏NO/NOS和MDA/SOD含量及活性变化.结果CCK-8可逆转LPS引起的大鼠平均动脉血压的下降.光、电镜结果显示LPS致肺脏和脾脏中出现炎细胞浸润、凋亡和坏死等征象,CCK-8可减轻LPS引起的脾脏和肺脏超微结构损伤.LPS组血清、脾脏和肺脏NO含量分别增加为对照组的2.6倍、1.5倍和2.1倍,NOS活性分别增加为对照组的3.5倍、1.2倍和1.9倍;CCK-8抑制LPS诱导的这种NO含量和NOS活性的增加.LPS组血清、脾脏和肺脏MDA含量显著高于其余组,SOD活力显著低于其余组;CCK-8+LPS组MDA含量和SOD活力接近对照组.讨论LPS致大鼠血清、脾脏和肺脏MDA含量增高,SOD活性降低及NO过量生成可能是ES时脾脏和肺脏损伤的重要因素之一.SOD/MDA活性和含量是反映氧化损伤的重要指标,NO过量生成进而形成毒性更强的过氧亚硝基阴离子,可能是导致脾脏和肺脏损伤的重要因素之一.CCK-8直接或间接影响自由基的生成,从而减轻脏器损伤.结论这些发现提示CCK-8减轻ES大鼠脾脏和肺脏的损伤,可能与其抗氧化作用及抑制NO的过量生成有关.     

旋磁场对大鼠脏器SOD活力和NO含量的影响

目的:探讨旋磁场对大鼠肝组织、肾组织、心组织和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响.方法:用邻苯三酚法测定SOD活力;NO含量的测定采用改良的Griess法.结果:在30mT磁场中曝磁30min,大鼠肝、肾、心和脑组织中SOD活力显著高于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);大鼠肝组织和肾组织中NO含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);心组织NO含量高于对照组(P＜0.05);脑组织NO含量无明显变化.结论:旋磁场对大鼠脏器组织SOD活力和NO含量有一定影响.     

当归多糖治疗小鼠乙醇性肝损伤中丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的变化及意义

目的:探讨当归多糖治疗小鼠乙醇性肝损伤中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)的变化及意义。方法:通过一次性高浓度乙醇灌胃建立小鼠乙醇性肝损伤模型,之后连续腹腔注射当归多糖6 d,血清生化检测MDA、SOD及GSH-Px,光镜观察肝形态结构变化。结果:小鼠乙醇性肝损伤后,血清MDA显著增高,SOD及GSH-Px显著下降,同时肝组织结构呈弥漫性脂肪变性损伤。用当归多糖治疗后,伴随肝组织结构的修复,血清MDA显著下降,SOD及GSH-Px增高。结论:当归多糖可通过阻断膜脂质过氧化起到保护肝细胞的作用,血清MDA、SOD及GSHPx水平的变化对判断肝的损害程度、病情发展、评估预后有一定的意义。     

CCK-8减轻内毒素休克大鼠脾脏和肺脏损伤

目的: 研究八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)对脂多糖(LPS)引起的大鼠内毒素性休克(ES) 的低血压及脾脏和肺脏超微结构改变的影响,进一步探讨与一氧化氮/一氧化氮合酶(NO/NOS)和MDA /SOD含量及活性变化的关系.方法: 使用生理多道记录仪,观察尾静脉注入LPS(8 mg/kg iv)复制的大鼠ES模型、LPS注入前10 min尾静脉注入CCK-8(40 μg/kg iv)、单独注入CCK -8(40 μg/kg iv)或生理盐水(对照)的四组大鼠血压的改变,应用光镜观察给药后30 min 、2 h 、6 h各组脾脏和肺脏结构改变,透射电镜观察6 h各组脾脏和肺脏超微结构改变.检测6 h各组血清、脾脏和肺脏NO/NOS和MDA/SOD含量及活性变化.结果:CCK-8可逆转LPS引起的大鼠平均动脉血压的下降.光、电镜结果显示LPS致肺脏和脾脏中出现炎细胞浸润、凋亡和坏死等征象,CCK-8可减轻LPS引起的脾脏和肺脏超微结构损伤.LPS组血清、脾脏和肺脏NO含量分别增加为对照组的2.6倍、1.5倍和2.1倍,NOS活性分别增加为对照组的3.5 倍、1 .2倍和1.9倍;CCK-8抑制LPS诱导的这种NO含量和NOS活性的增加.LPS组血清、脾脏和肺脏M DA含量显著高于其余组,SOD活力显著低于其余组;CCK-8+LPS组MDA含量和SOD活力接近对照组.讨论:LPS致大鼠血清、脾脏和肺脏MDA含量增高,SOD活性降低及NO过量生成可能是E S时脾脏和肺脏损伤的重要因素之一.SOD/MDA活性和含量是反映氧化损伤的重要指标,NO过量生成进而形成毒性更强的过氧亚硝基阴离子,可能是导致脾脏和肺脏损伤的重要因素之一 .CCK-8直接或间接影响自由基的生成,从而减轻脏器损伤.结论:这些发现提示 CCK-8减轻ES大鼠脾脏和肺脏的损伤,可能与其抗氧化作用及抑制NO的过量生成有关.     

厚朴对小鼠脑老化损伤的保护作用及其可能机制

目的 探讨厚朴对小鼠脑老化损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法 60只SPF级雄性昆明小鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组。Morris水迷宫实验评估各组小鼠的学习记忆能力。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）试剂盒评估各组小鼠氧化应激水平。TUNEL染色评估神经细胞凋亡的情况。结果 与对照组相比,模型组小鼠的逃避潜伏期、脑组织MDA含量和神经细胞凋亡率均明显升高,在平台象限的停留时间和穿越次数均明显降低,脑组织SOD和GSH-Px含量均明显降低（P<0.05）。低剂量、中剂量和高剂量的厚朴处理后,脑老化小鼠的逃避潜伏期、脑组织MDA含量和神经细胞凋亡率均明显降低,在平台象限的停留时间和穿越次数均明显升高,脑组织SOD和GSH-Px含量均明显升高（P<0.05）。结论 厚朴可显著改善脑老化引起的认知功能障碍,其机制可能与降低氧化损伤和神经细胞凋亡有关。     

NO在肝纤维化形成中对肝脏微循环的影响

目的探讨外源性一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)对肝脏微循环障碍的影响和在肝纤维化发生发展中的作用.方法将大鼠分为3组:正常对照组(normal control,NC):以正常饮食喂养;采用复合因素致肝纤维化组(hepaticfibrosis,HF):同时用生理盐水1.5ml·只-1·d-1灌胃;HF Arg组:以肝纤维化对照组为基础,同时予L-精氨酸(L-arginine,L-Arg)100mg·Kg-1·d-1灌胃.于实验4周末,观察血浆内毒素(lipopolysaccaride,LPS)、NO、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平,观察各组肝组织纤维增生程度,用台盼蓝原位灌流肝脏来观察肝脏微循环的改变.结果血浆内毒素水平在HF组均明显高于NC组,HF Arg组内毒素水平虽比NC组高,但差异无显著性;NO水平HF Arg组明显高于HF组;血浆MDA水平各实验组均明显高于NC组;血浆SOD活性HF组明显低于NC组和HF Arg组;肝脏纤维组织目标面积HF组明显大于HF Arg组;用台盼蓝原位灌流肝脏发现HF组灌流时间最长,HF Arg组与NC组比较差异无显著性.结论外源性NO可能通过改善肝脏微循环,防止肝脏缺血和炎性细胞介质诱导的氧化损伤,延缓肝纤维化的发展.     

中药四毒清抑制LPS性肾脏损伤的机制研究

目的：研究中药复方四毒清防治内毒素性肾功能衰竭的作用机制。 方法： 将小鼠随机分成对照组、LPS组、四毒清防治组和四毒清组，用水（0.2 mL/10 g BW）或四毒清（1 000 g/L, 0.2 mL/10 g BW）灌胃3 d，每天2次, 第3 d灌胃后2 h，腹腔注射LPS(30 mg/kg，0.2 mL/10 g BW)或生理盐水（0.2 mL/10 g BW），腹腔注射后2 h，再用水或四毒清（0.2 mL/10 g）灌胃1次。测定各组小鼠血清肌酐（Cr）和尿素氮（BUN）的含量，观察肾脏超微结构，肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化， 并用半定量RT-PCR方法测定肾组织细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1) mRNA的表达。 结果： LPS引起小鼠血清Cr和BUN含量明显升高，肾脏近曲小管出现明显病理改变。四毒清有效降低LPS攻击小鼠血清Cr和BUN的含量，明显减轻近曲小管的损伤。LPS组小鼠肾组织MDA含量和ICAM-1 mRNA的表达显著高于对照组，而四毒清防治组肾组织MDA含量和ICAM-1 mRNA的表达明显低于LPS组，四毒清处理能显著升高肾组织SOD的活性。 结论： 中药四毒清防治内毒素性肾功能衰竭的作用机制与其升高肾组织SOD的活性、减轻肾组织氧化损伤并抑制肾脏ICAM-1 mRNA的表达有关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.