非糖尿病患者急性心肌梗死早期血糖增高的临床意义

目的:急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期常见血糖升高.文中旨在探讨非糖尿病AMI患者应激性血糖增高的临床意义. 方法:收集83例非糖尿病AMI患者临床资料,根据其入院空腹血糖(FBG)水平,将其分为血糖正常组(FBG＜6.1mmol/ L)、血糖轻度升高组(6.1mmol/ L≤FBG＜8.0mmol/ L)和血糖明显升高组(FBG≥8.0mmol/ L),对比分析各组患者院内死亡、并发症及梗死部位的发生情况. 结果:83例AMI患者急性期出现高血糖56例,发生率为67.5%,血糖明显升高组院内病死率、心脏事件及感染发生率显著增加. 结论:非糖尿病患者应激性血糖明显升高提示病情重,病死率高,并发症多及预后差.     

不同血糖水平非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者预后之探讨

目的探讨不同血糖水平对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者预后的影响。方法按照空腹血糖≤6.1mmol/L、6.1mmol/L〈空腹血糖≤7.8mmol/L、7.8mmol/L〈空腹血糖≤11.1mmol/L、空腹血糖〉11.1mmol/L将241例AMI患者随机分为正常血糖组（68例）、A组（62例）、B组（58例）和C组（52例）,比较各组患者入院第4周心肌酶、心电图恢复时间及恶性心律失常、心力衰竭及心源性猝死的发生情况。结果血糖升高1组心肌酶和心电图恢复时间、恶性心律失常、心力衰竭和心源性病死率较血糖正常组无统计学差异;血糖升高2组各比较因素较血糖正常组升高（P均〈0.05）;血糖升高3组各比较因素亦升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论非糖尿病AMI患者血糖在7.8mmol/L以上时,随着血糖升高,预后越差。     

应激性高血糖与急性心肌梗死相关因素分析

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死应激性血糖水平升高与心肌梗死性质, 梗死灶大小及病情预后的关系.方法 检测120例急性心肌梗死 (均否认糖尿病史)资料完整的AMI 进行回顾性分析.根据入院后即刻、24h、48h、72h血糖水平三组:Ⅰ组血糖 ≤6.1mmol/L,Ⅱ组血糖6.2～7.8mmol/L,Ⅲ组血糖≥7.8mmol/L.记录患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血糖值,分析各组血糖水平与心肌 梗死性质,梗死灶大小,病情的关系.比较各组心肌酶、心肌梗死范围、心功能、心律失常及住院病死率. 结果 (1)三组住院病死率分别为:Ⅰ组8.3%,Ⅱ组15.1%,Ⅲ组36.3 % .Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05); (2)三组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及心肌梗死面积(S)进行比较, Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05); (3)住院期间死亡19例,存活101例,存活组与死亡组血糖分别为6.5±0.9mmol/L和7.3±0.9mmol/L.两组比较差异有显著性( P＜0.01);(4)对住院期间死亡危险因素进行回归分析,血糖升高与AMI住院期间病死率相关,且随着血糖升高,病死率增高. 结论 高血糖是AMI预后不良的标志之一.     

血糖水平对老年急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响研究

目的 研究血糖水平对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后水平的影响.方法 选取2005～2012年重庆九龙坡区中医院就诊的老年AMI患者432例,根据血糖水平和糖尿病史把患者分为A组(无糖尿病史+血糖＜7.8 mmol/L,121例),B组(无糖尿病史+血糖≥7.8 mmol/L,205例),C组(有糖尿病史+血糖＜7.8 mmol/L,42例),D组(有糖尿病史+血糖≥7.8 mmol/L,64例).对4组患者进行为期6个月的随访,观察心绞痛、心律失常、再梗死、全因死亡4种结局的发生率.结果 ①4组患者中肌酸激酶(CK)峰值比较,差异有统计学意义(F=32.16,P＜0.05),其中A组与B组、B组与C组、C组与D组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);4组患者肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值比较,差异有统计学意义(F=18.84,P＜ 0.05),其中A组与B组、B组与C组、C组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②4组患者之间心绞痛、心律失常、再梗死、全因死亡4种结局的发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 血糖水平升高对老年急性心肌梗死的治疗和预后都具有重要影响,因此在AMI治疗过程中应控制血糖水平从而降低AMI患者的预后不良事件的发生.     

非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者血糖水平升高对预后的影响

目的:探讨非糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血糖水平升高与临床预后的关系.方法:选择我院2004年2月～2008年6月收治的无糖尿病史的168例AMI患者,于入院次日测定按空腹血糖(FBG)水平,分为血糖正常组(FBG≤6.1mmol/L)92例,血糖轻度升高组(FBG>6.1mmol/L)76例,比较两组患者的空腹血糖(FBG)、糖基化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血脂及临床症状(胸痛、胸闷、气短、恶心眍吐等)、病死率.结果:血糖升高组的FBG、HbAlc、TG显著高于血糖正常组,P<0.01.但两组CHOL无显著性差异,P>0.05.血糖升高组的气短、恶心呕吐、晕厥等症状的发生率及并发症、死亡率显著高于血糖正常组,P<0.05.而血糖正常组的胸痛发生率高于血糖升高组,P<0.05.且两组的胸闷发生率无显著性差异,P>0.05.结论:非糖尿病AMI患者血糖增高提示预后较差,其血糖水平可作为判断临床预后的指标,尽早控制血糖,对降低病死率有重要意义.     

2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死48例治疗体会

目的研究2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死治疗中,血糖控制水平与并发症及病死率的相关性。方法回顾分析2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死48例。根据血糖水平分为2组,标准组（A组）18例,血糖控制于4.4-8.0mmol/L;较好组（B组）30例,血糖控制于6.1-10mmol/L,比较2组间急性心肌梗死第1周内并发症及病死率情况。结果血糖控制标准组低血糖发生率高（P〈0.01）,由此导致的心律失常、心梗面积延展及住院病死率显著高于血糖控制较好组（P〈0.05）。结论糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者的治疗中,严格控制血糖于标准范围的患者并发症发生率增加、病死率升高。适度控制血糖于合理水平,是降低糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者并发症与病死率的重要环节。     

急性高血糖对老年急性心肌梗死患者肌钙蛋白和预后的影响

目的 观察入院时高血糖对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者肌钙蛋白 (cTNT)峰值和患者住院期间预后的影响.方法 收集2002～2008年收治的272例不伴糖尿病的急性心肌梗死老年患者,根据入院后血糖水平分为三组:正常组血糖＜6.1mmol/L、血糖增高组血糖6.1～7.8mmol/L和高血糖组血糖＞7.8mmol/L,并测定血清肌钙蛋白的水平,观察患者血糖与血清cTNT峰值的相关性.并对三组患者一般临床资料,主要并发症和病死率进行比较.结果 高血糖组患者cTNT峰值高、血压低、心率快,与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高血糖组患者住院期间病死率15.63%,与正常组和轻度增高组的5.62%、10.26%比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高血糖组住院期间并发症发生率较正常组和轻度增高组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 急性高血糖与老年急性心肌梗死cTNT相关,是患者预后不良的标志之一.     

非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者不同血糖水平对预后的影响

目的 探讨非糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血糖水平对预后的影响.方法 将122例AMI患者随机分为正常血糖组46例(空腹血糖≤6.1 mmol/L)和血糖升高1组(6.1 mmoL/L<空腹血糖≤8.0 mmoL/L)38例、血糖升高2组(8.0 mmoL/L<空腹血糖≤11.1 mmoL/L)27例和血糖升高3组(空腹血糖>11.1 mmoL/L)11例,在入院第4周统计2组患者肌酸激酶(CK)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),心电图ST段恢复时间以及恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性病死发生率的差异.结果 与正常血糖组比较,血糖升高1组在心肌酶和心电图恢复时间,恶性心律失常、心力衰竭和心源性病死率无明显差异(P>0.05);血糖升高2组CK、AST恢复时间明显延长,恶性心律失常和心源性病死率明显升高,有显著性差异(P<0.05);血糖升高3组CK、AST、LDH和ST段恢复时间明显延长,恶性心律失常、心力衰竭和心源性病死率明显升高,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 非糖尿病AMI患者血糖>8.0 mmol/L以上时,随着血糖升高,预后越差.     

糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者的降糖治疗护理体会

目的:研究2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死降糖治疗中,血糖控制水平与并发症发生率及病死率的相关性以及护理体会。方法:分析2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死48例。根据血糖水平分为两组,标准组(A组)18例,血糖控制于4.4～8.0mmol/L;较好组(B组)30例,血糖控制于6.1～10.0mmol/L,比较两组间急性心肌梗死第1周内并发症发生率及病死率情况,总结护理经验。结果:标准组低血糖发生率高(P<0.01),由此导致的心律失常、心梗面积延展及住院病死率显著高于较好组(P<0.05),加强护理能明显减少并发症的发生。结论:糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者的治疗中,适度控制血糖于合理水平,可显著降低并发症发生率与死亡率,加强护理能减少并发症的发生。     

血糖对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)后血糖水平对治疗后心血管事件和病死率的影响.方法 根据血糖水平分为3组,A组101例,血糖＜7.8mo1/L;B组62例,血糖7.8～11.0mmol/L;C组43例,血糖≥11.0mmol/L.观察AMI的病史特点,以及心力衰竭、心律失常、心源性休克及死亡等发生情况;30天内心血管事件包括再发非致死心肌梗死、再次靶血管再血管化治疗、死亡.结果 血糖升高的两组中糖尿病病史比例高(0.99%比24.2%、65.1%).多支血管病变较多(50%比73%、71%).TIMI血流0～1级(1.8%比5.4%、3.2%)较多,30天内的主要心血管事件以及死亡均高于血糖正常组,其中血糖≥11.0mmol/L组死亡率与血糖正常组对比较差异有显著性(11.6%比3%).结论 AMI后血糖升高的患者病情危重,发生心血管事件者多,病死率高.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.