熊果酸和齐墩果酸对肺功能保护和抗肺癌作用的研究进展

熊果酸和齐墩果酸是同属五环三萜酸类的同分异构体,广泛存在于各种植物之中。熊果酸和齐墩果酸的药理作用几乎相同,都具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗微生物和保护心、肝、肾的作用,以及抗糖尿病、调血脂、抗肥胖、抗动脉粥样硬化和镇痛、抗焦虑、抗抑郁、改善学习记忆等神经保护作用,促进骨、肌肉生长和抗骨质疏松等药理作用。综述和分析熊果酸和齐墩果酸对抗二氧化硅、百草枯、脂多糖、盲肠结扎和刺穿、外伤出血性休克引起的肺损伤,以及抗肺癌作用的文献资料,为全方位开发熊果酸和齐墩果酸在临床上的应用提供参考。     

《国际生物制品学杂志》征稿征订启事

《国际生物制品学杂志》（原名《国外医学》预防、诊断、治疗用生物制品分册）属中华医学会系列杂志,由中华人民共和国卫生部主管、中华医学会和上海生物制品研究所主办。该刊重点介绍国内外生物制品学领域的新进展、新动态、新技术和新成就,内容主要有病毒、细菌等病原体疫苗、肿瘤疫苗和其他非传染病疫苗、微生态制剂、抗毒素和抗血清、血液制品、细胞因子、单克隆抗体、免疫治疗制品、诊断制品以及生物技术产品的研究、开发、生产、检定和临床应用。设有综述、论著、短篇论著、病例报告、标准与指南、国际学术活动和预防接种问答等栏目。     

高素质执业药师队伍的建设和培养

目的:探讨建设和培养高素质执业药师队伍的思路和方法.方法:将我国和国际上执业药师职责、药学教育、资格准入考试、继续教育培训、岗位使用等方面进行比较和定性分析.结果:我国执业药师队伍在职责、数量、结构、素质能力、配备使用尚存在一些问题,应依据“教育、考试、培训、使用”的主线和“以用为主”的思路,建设和培养高素质的执业药师...     

谈卫生职业学校体育课开展体育舞蹈教学

体育舞蹈是由社交舞发展起来的,集舞蹈、音乐、服装、体态于一体的一项高雅的体育运动项目,极具艺术魅力和欣赏价值。体育舞蹈体现的美感和人们对它审美的需要使其成为一种时尚、高雅的健身运动。它包括摩登舞和拉丁舞,其中摩登舞含有华尔兹、维也纳华尔兹、探戈、狐步和快步舞;拉丁舞包括伦巴、桑巴、恰恰、牛仔和斗牛舞。     

社区老年体检人群的血脂、血糖和血压水平的调查分析

目的研究本社区近3年老年体检人群的血脂、血糖和血压的异常检出率,为社区医疗干预和预防保健提供依据。方法检测本社区2009年至2011年的老年体检人群的血脂（总胆固醇TC、甘油三脂TG、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C）、血糖（空腹血糖FBG）和血压水平,分析总体及不同性别（男性和女性）的血脂异常、糖尿病、空腹血糖调节受损和高血压的检出率。结果 2009年的TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、糖尿病、空腹血糖调节受损和高血压的总体异常检出率分别为51.96%、52.51%、50.05%、47.85%、20.55%、12.24%和38.08%,而2011年的分别为57.11%、61.61%、52.61%、49.40%、23.37%、15.42%和40.64%,与2009年相比,2011的变化幅度分别为4.17%、4.76%、3.70%、5.28%、2.82%、3.18%和3.36%。结论本社区老年体检人群近3年的血脂、血糖和血压异常检出率较高,且呈上升趋势,其中男性更显著。     

ELISA、TPPA和TRUST、RPR梅毒检测方法的比较

目的比较血站或临床常用的四种梅毒血清学实验室检测方法的敏感性和特异性.方法应用ELISA、TPPA和TRUST、RPR四种梅毒血清学检测方法检测258例梅毒和10204例对照组非梅毒血清,比较四种检测方法检测结果的阳性率和假阳性率.结果ELISA、TPPA和TRUST、RPR检测梅毒病人血清阳性率分别为:98.8%、98.8%和78.3%、77.9%,ELISA和TPPA的检出率高,均显著高于TRUST、RPR,但分层分析发现TRUST、RPR对Ⅱ期梅毒的检出率与ELISA和TPPA无差异;检测对照组ELISA、TPPA和TRUST、RPR的假阳性率分别为0.11%、0.098%和0.31%、0.36%,ELISA和TPPA的假阳性率相似,低于TRUST、RPR.结论ELISA法敏感性、特异性强,是目前梅毒血清学检测的首选方法.     

护理干预对预防膝关节僵硬的效果与评价

目的 探讨护理干预对预防胫骨平台骨折保守治疗病人膝关节僵硬的效果.方法 随机将112例在我科住院的胫骨平台骨折保守治疗的患者随机分为对照组及实验组,每组56例;实验组在综合治疗过程加强护理干预(包括认识干预、情感干预、体位干预、锻炼干预),对照组不给予护理干预,观察两组病人膝关节活动功能及僵硬的程度.结果 结果显示实验组和对照组的轻度疼痛和中度疼痛的例数分别为:37、19和10、46;实验组和对照组的关节功能无影响和有影响的例数分别为:36、20和12、44;实验组和对照组活动范围正常和缩小的例数分别为:31、25和11、45;实验组和对照组肌力正常和减弱的例数分别为:46、10和36、20;实验组和对照组屈曲畸形无和有的例数分别为:50、6和40、16;实验组和对照组日常活动能力提升和下降的例数分别为:55、1和45、11;两组比较,差异具有极显著性(P＜0.01);两组病人的血压、心率、呼吸、体温、平均年龄、治疗措施比较,经统计学处理差异无显著性(P＞0.05);研究组并发症发生率为3.3%,而对照组并发症发生率为16.6%.结论 加强护理干预能有效预防胫骨平台骨折保守治疗病人膝关节僵硬.     

洋蓟的化学成分、生物活性与临床研究

洋蓟系药食兼用的功能性植物,其花蕾和茎叶富含酚类化合物、黄酮、花青苷、菊粉和酶类等化学成分,具有利胆、解痉、降血脂、性腺保护和抗氧化等生物活性.介绍近年对洋蓟化学成分、生物活性和临床研究概况.     

阿瑞匹坦静脉注射乳剂的研制

通过单因素试验和正交设计优选了阿瑞匹坦静脉注射乳剂的最佳处方,并考察了形态、粒径、ζ电位和稳定性等基本性质.结果表明,乳化剂的种类和用量及油酸的用量对制品稳定性有较大影响.优化得到的阿瑞匹坦乳剂的处方为:阿瑞匹坦0.25％、大豆油15％、蛋黄磷脂E80 2.5％、油酸0.125％.所得制品外观呈乳白色,灭菌前、后的平均粒径、PDI、离心稳定常数(Ke)、ζ电位、pH和1含量(标示量％)分别为(218.71±1.26)和(220.3±0.53) nm、0.203±0.016和0.210±0.009、0.21±0.01和0.34±0.01、(-37.8±0.2)和(-37.6±0.8) mV、7.21±0.23和7.31±0.30、(101.03±0.89)％和(101.12±1.20)％.     

芒果苷的药理作用研究进展

芒果苷又称知母宁、芒果素,主要存在于漆树科和龙胆科植物中。因其是多酚酸类化合物,具有较强的抗氧化活性和多种药理作用。近年来,国内外大量研究报道芒果苷的各种药理学活性,包括抗糖尿病及其并发症、调节脂代谢异常、抗肿瘤、心血管保护、抗高尿酸血症、神经保护、抗氧化、抗炎、解热和镇痛、抗菌、抗病毒、抗辐射、保肝、促进骨骼发育、抗过敏和免疫调节等广泛的药理作用,具有进一步研究和开发的可能性。该文对近年来国内外芒果苷药理学作用的研究进展归纳、分析和总结,为进一步的药物研究和开发提供参考。     

A review of anti-inflammatory,antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Allium cepa and its main constituents

ContextAllium cepa L. (Liliaceae), known as onion, is consumed throughout the world. Onion and its derivatives including saponins, aglycones, quercetin, cepaenes, flavonoids, organosulfurs, and phenolic compounds, showed various pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects.ObjectiveAnti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of A. cepa and its main constituents, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms are presented.MethodsDatabases including, Web of Knowledge, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were checked for articles published between 1996 and the end of July 2020, using the key-words Allium cepa, quercetin, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory.ResultsA. cepa and its constituents mainly quercetin showed anti-inflammatory effects mediated via reduction of total and differential WBC counts, inhibition of chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, COX, and LOX pathways and prevented formation of leukotrienes and thromboxanes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as onVCAM-1, NF-κB, MARK,d STAT-1, JNK, p38 and osteoclastogenesis. A. cepa and its derivatives showed antioxidant effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation, NAD(P)H, MDA, NO, LPO and eNOS but enhancing antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GSPO, TrxR, SDH, GST and GR activities and thiol level. Immunomodulatory effects of the plant and quercetin was also shown by reduction of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 as well as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α and IgE levels, but increased CD4 cells, IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL4 ratio (Th1/Th2 balance).ConclusionsThe effect of onion and its constituents on oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune system were shown indicating their therapeutic value in treatment of various diseases associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune-dysregulation.     

聚氯乙烯和聚烯烃热塑性弹性体输液器对4种常用注射液稳定性及吸附性影响

目的：比较聚氯乙烯（PVC）输液器与聚烯烃热塑性弹性体（TPE）输液器对4种常用注射液的稳定性与吸附性的影响。方法：将乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠、左氧氟沙星氯化钠、乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠和托烷司琼氯化钠4种常用注射液迅速充满输液器并封存放置或正常流经输液器,采用HPLC法测定环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和托烷司琼浓度,比较各药标示量变化,评价各药稳定性和输液器吸附性。结果：PVC和TPE输液器乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠注射液、左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液、乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液、托烷司琼氯化钠注射液最终（90 min）各药百分含量分别为94.11%,98.42%,98.02%,100.59%,101.91%,102.73%,99.04%,102.89%,2组含量变化无显著差异（P<0.05）,提示各药稳定。PVC和TPE输液器90 min各药百分含量分别为101.74%,100.21%,101.04%,99.37%和101.64%,103.10%,103.35%,103.27%,2组间含量变化无显著差异（P<0.05）,提示2种输液器吸附性相当。结论：PVC和TPE输液器不影响乳酸环丙沙星氯化钠注射液、左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液、乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液、托烷司琼氯化钠注射液的稳定性,对4种注射液中各药亦无吸附发生,可常规使用。     

Roles of focal adhesion proteins in skeleton and diseases

The skeletal system,which contains bones,joints,tendons,ligaments and other elements,plays a wide variety of roles in body shaping,support and movement,protection of internal organs,production of blood cells and regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism.The prevalence of skeletal diseases and disorders,such as osteoporosis and bone fracture,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,and intervertebral disc degeneration,increases with age,causing pain and loss of mobility and creating a huge social...     

槐定碱的抗肿瘤药理作用研究进展

体外实验发现槐定碱能浓度相关地抑制大肠癌LS174t细胞、SW620细胞、SW480细胞、HCT-116细胞,胃癌BGC823细胞、MGC-803细胞、SGC7901细胞、MKN45细胞、MKN28细胞,胰腺癌capan-1细胞,肝癌97H细胞、Bel细胞、HepG2细胞,食管癌EC109细胞,食管胃交界腺癌OE-19细胞、SK-GT2细胞,白血病K562细胞、HL60细胞,淋巴瘤U937细胞,骨髓瘤NS-1细胞,乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,卵巢癌PM-2细胞、SKVO3细胞,宫颈癌HeLa细胞,肺癌A549细胞、NCI细胞,DMS153细胞,黑素瘤A375细胞,舌鳞癌TCA8113细胞,神经胶质瘤U87细胞、U87MG细胞,前列腺癌PC3细胞增殖。整体实验发现槐定碱抑制SW480细胞、HCT-116细胞,白血病L1210细胞,肺癌Lewis细胞,肉瘤S180细胞、S37细胞、W256细胞、EAC细胞移植瘤在小鼠或大鼠体内生长。临床上槐定碱已被试用于治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤、消化道肿瘤、恶性淋巴瘤,有开发成抗肿瘤新药的潜力。     

Physiological response of carp,Cyprinus carpio,exposed to raw sewage containing fish processing wastewater

Physiological changes of carp exposed to raw sewage were investigated by the use of clinical examination methods. All carp exposed to raw sewage died within 6 h. On hour 48, 10, 40, and 90% of exposed carp survived in 60, 20, and 10% sewage, respectively. Carp exposed to 50 and 20% sewage increased ammonia, glucose, Mg, Cu, and Br, and decreased Fe and Zn in plasma. Even in 10% sewage, ammonia, glucose, and Br in plasma increased. Forty-eight hours of exposure to 50 and 20% sewage caused severe pathological changes in the gills. In the kidney, light abnormalities were observed at this time. When exposed to 50 and 20% sewage, atrioventricular conduction time and duration of electrical systole measured by electrocardiogram shortened briefly, and then extended gradually. In 50 and 20% sewage, heart rate and respiratory frequency increased briefly, and then decreased gradually. Cough reaction increased with the exposure. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol Water Qual 12: 1–9, 1997     

Effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on glucose–insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia

Rationale Glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction is a significant side effect associated with antipsychotics. Although there are many studies about the linkages between drugs and metabolic dysfunction, most of these studies have compared the effects of two antipsychotics on only one metabolic measure: either glucose or lipid metabolism.Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and sulpiride on glucose and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia.Materials and methods One hundred twelve schizophrenics were assigned randomly to receive clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, or sulpiride for 8 weeks. Planned assessments included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin resistance index (IRI), cholesterol, and triglyceride. All measures were collected at baseline and at the end of the 8-week treatment.Results After treatment, insulin, C-peptide, and IRI were significantly increased in the four groups, but not fasting glucose levels. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased in the clozapine and olanzapine groups. Patients treated with clozapine and olanzapine had higher fasting insulin, C-peptide, and IRI levels than those treated with risperidone and sulpiride. Among the four antipsychotics, the increases of mean BMI from high to low were as follows: clozapine, olanzapine, sulpiride, and risperidone.Conclusions This study confirmed that the four antipsychotic drugs were associated with an increase of insulin, C-peptide, and IRI. It was found that clozapine and olanzapine were associated with an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The effects of clozapine and olanzapine on the glucose and lipid metabolism outweighed those of risperidone and sulpiride.     

氧化苦参碱防治高血糖、高血脂症及其并发症的药理作用及机制研究进展

氧化苦参碱可防治高糖、高脂引起的心血管并发症，脂肪肝并发症，糖尿病视网膜病变，糖尿病肾病以及肺、骨并发症。氧化苦参碱防治这些并发症的药理机制可能归因于：降血糖、调血脂及抗氧化作用，从源头上减少了氧化型低密度脂蛋白和糖基化终末产物的生成；抗氧化、抗炎和细胞保护作用可保护肝脏，促进肝糖原合成，在脂质转运、氧化和合成3个环节改善脂质代谢紊乱，产生降血糖、调血脂作用，也可保护受累的心血管系统、肾脏、肝脏、视网膜、肺和骨等其他器官，减轻胰岛素抵抗，提高胰岛素敏感性。因此氧化苦参碱有望开发为治疗代谢综合征的药物。     

Alpinia zerumbet,a ginger plant with a multitude of medicinal properties: An update on its research findings

In this review, the botany and uses of Alpinia zerumbet (yan shan jiang) are described, and the current knowledge of its phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and clinical trials is summarized. An important ginger crop in East Asia, A. zerumbet has many uses, both medicinal and non-medicinal. Leaves are used to produce essential oils and herbal teas. Rhizomes are consumed as spices, and stem fibers are made into paper, fabrics, and handicrafts. In Brazil, tea from A. zerumbet leaves is believed to have hypotensive, diuretic, and anti-ulcerogenic properties. This species possesses many medicinal properties due to its chemical constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, kava pyrones, sterols, and terpenoids. Extracts of A. zerumbet display antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anthelmintic, tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging, anti-glycation, integrase and neuraminidase inhibitory, lifespan prolongation, hair growth promotion, anticancer, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-platelet, osteoblastic, osteogenic, thrombolytic, and cardiacarrhythmogenic activities. Essential oils of A. zerumbet leaves have antimicrobial, larvicidal, antinociceptive, hypotensive, vasorelaxant, myorelaxant, antispasmodic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-neuraminidase, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging, anti-melanogenic, anti-tyrosinase, cytoprotective, cardiodepressive, antipsychotic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue healing activities.Clinical trials conducted in Brazil showed that extracts of A. zerumbet have hypotensive and diuretic effects whereas topical application of the essential oil has positive therapeutic effects on patients with fibromyalgia. Spanning two continents of Asia and South America, A. zerumbetis truly a multi-purpose ginger plant with promising medicinal properties.     

Neuropharmacological studies of phencyclidine (PCP)-induced behavioral stimulation in mice

A variety of drugs were screened to determine which were capable of blocking the behavioral stimulation produced in mice by acute administration of phencyclidine (PCP). Chlorpromazine and clozapine blocked PCP-induced stimulation, while haloperidol, reserpine, and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine did not. The GABA receptor agonists imidazole acetic acid and muscimol blocked PCP, but other drugs that influence GABA, such as dipropylacetic acid, baclofen, and diazepam, were ineffective. Yohimbine and methysergide also blocked PCP in high dosages, but other drugs with comparable alpha-noradrenergic and serotonergic blocking properties (phentolamine, cyproheptadine, and cinnanserin) were ineffective. Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs, beta-noradrenergic and opiate antagonists, and nonspecific sedatives and convulsants were also ineffective. These finding suggest that chlorpromazine, clozapine, yohimbine, and methysergide may share a property that is unlike their primary known modes of action on dopaminergic, alphanoradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, and that this property accounts for their ability to block PCP. However, the effectiveness of GABA agonists appears to be mediated through direct activation of GABA receptors. It is suggested that chlorpromazine and imidazole acetic acid should be considered as possible drug treatments for PCP toxicity.     

消风止痒颗粒中毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素的HPLC法测定及其化学计量学综合评价

目的建立HPLC法同时测定消风止痒颗粒中毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素,并采用化学计量学方法对检测结果进行综合评价。方法采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长:330 nm(0~14 min检测毛蕊花糖苷和焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1)、254 nm(14~31 min检测升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷)、270 nm(31~55 min检测苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素);体积流量0.9 mL/min;柱温25℃;进样量10μL。采用SPSS26.0统计软件对消风止痒颗粒中9种成分进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素分别在2.53~63.25、1.09~27.25、8.17~204.25、2.38~59.50、4.07~101.75、1.74~43.50、0.66~16.50、1.47~36.75、2.86~71.50μg/m L线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99.01%、98.17%、100.13%、97.63%、98.72%、97.22%、96.93%、99.24%、100.01%,RSD值分别为1.42%、1.26%、0.72%、1.55%、0.84%、1.06%、1.18%、0.67%、0.95%;11批样品聚类分析为3类,主成分1~3是影响消风止痒颗粒质量评价的主要因子。结论该方法操作简便、重复性好,可作为消风止痒颗粒中多指标成分质量评价模式。