The fMRI Study of Visual Cortex Activation in Patients with Primary Angle -Closure Glaucoma

目的 应用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者视觉皮层激活情况.资料与方法 20例原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者(青光眼组)和20名健康成人(对照组)左、右眼分别行3.0T MR血氧水平依赖(BOLD)功能磁共振成像(fMRI),将BOLD-fMRI原始数据经基于Matlab平台的SPM2软件进行数据的预处理和统计分析,分别对青光眼组、对照组左、右眼进行组内分析,获得组内平均激活图;病变组与对照组的左、右眼进行组间分析,获得组间比较激活图.结果 (1)与对照组比较,青光眼组左、右眼刺激时双侧视皮层激活范围、激活强度都明显减小,以右侧视皮层为著.(2)与对照组比较,青光眼组左、右眼刺激时大脑皮层均发现异常激活区域.结论 fMRI可以反映青光眼患者视觉皮层功能活动,能为青光眼发病机制的研究提供重要信息.     

原发性闭角型青光眼视觉皮层激活的fMRI研究

目的应用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者视觉皮层激活情况。资料与方法20例原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者(青光眼组)和20名健康成人(对照组)左、右眼分别行3.0 T MR血氧水平依赖(BOLD)功能磁共振成像(fMRI),将BOLD-fMRI原始数据经基于Matlab平台的SPM2软件进行数据的预处理和统计分析,分别对青光眼组、对照组左、右眼进行组内分析,获得组内平均激活图;病变组与对照组的左、右眼进行组间分析,获得组间比较激活图。结果 (1)与对照组比较,青光眼组左、右眼刺激时双侧视皮层激活范围、激活强度都明显减小,以右侧视皮层为著。(2)与对照组比较,青光眼组左、右眼刺激时大脑皮层均发现异常激活区域。结论 fMRI可以反映青光眼患者视觉皮层功能活动,能为青光眼发病机制的研究提供重要信息。     

针刺烦躁焦虑患者太冲穴即刻脑功能变化的fMRI研究

目的:观察针刺太冲穴对烦躁焦虑患者脑功能的调节,为针刺太冲穴治疗中医"郁证"提供临床依据.方法:招募中医烦躁焦虑状态受试者24例,随机平均分成针刺组和对照组各12例,对照组接受一次静息态fMRI扫描,针刺组在针刺太冲穴后即刻行一次静息态fMRI扫描.结果:针刺太冲穴即刻针刺组双侧梭状回低频振荡振幅(ALFF)信号较对照...     

捻针时真、假穴不同中枢激活效应的脑功能MRI

目的利用功能磁共振(fMRI)观察捻针针刺方法对大脑的作用。方法用盲法随机分别针刺13例正常人左侧太冲、丘墟和假穴，手法采用捻针和不捻针，利用1．5TMR仪行全脑功能成像，用SPM99b分析图像。结果发现只在真穴捻针针刺时有更强的激活效应，有显著性意义的Brodmann激活区域为：针刺太冲穴激活了左右顶叶BA40区，右额叶BA47和10区，右丘脑，左小脑；针刺丘墟穴激活了左右顶叶BA40区，右顶叶BA2区，左额叶BA9、10、44区，左岛叶BA13区，左颞叶BA22区，右颞叶BA42区，右壳核，左小脑。两真穴激活部位部分相同，部分不同。在假穴捻针对不捻针的研究中，未见到有显著性意义的激活区。结论真穴捻针时可能对皮层神经活动有较特异的作用，而假穴未观察到此种现象，推测这可能是针刺治疗作用的机制之一。     

电针刺激双侧率谷穴脑激活效应fMRI研究

【摘要】目的：采用血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）技术,探讨电针刺激双侧率谷穴（GB8）即刻脑效应。方法：招募15例健康受试者,采用针刺专用头颅线圈,针刺双侧率谷穴及非经非穴并进行fMRI扫描,采用SPM12软件进行预处理及统计学分析。采用REST软件提取激活脑区时间序列信号值,与各针感强度做相关性分析。结果：相比较非经非穴组,针刺双侧率谷穴后正激活脑区包括中脑导水管周围灰质、左侧眶部额下回、左侧海马旁回、右侧眶部额下回及右侧海马旁回,未见负激活脑区出现（P<0.05,FWEc校正）。中脑导水管周围灰质时间序列信号值与酸疼、胀满及麻木针感强度呈明显正相关（P<0.05）。结论：采用针刺专用头颅线圈观察针刺双侧率谷穴后即刻脑激活情况,可以为探讨头穴的针刺即刻脑效应机制提供一种方法。     

针刺太冲穴的脑功能MRI研究

目的采用功能MRI（fMm）方法研究与针刺太冲穴（Liv3）有关的脑功能区，以及可能的针刺后效应。方法健康右利手志愿者18例参加本次实验。实验采用单组块设计，包括静息期、刺激期和针刺后效应期。每名被试只接受1种针刺，即针刺右侧Liv3或针刺相邻假穴位，其中，10例被试者参加穴位针刺，其余8例参加假穴位针刺，同时进行全脑的fMRI。采用统计参数图（SPM99）进行统计学分析，用t检验分析获得刺激期、后效应期状态分别与静息期状态信号对比的脑功能图像，以P〈0．001的像素构成统计参数图，最后利用SPM的掩盖（Mask）功能，从针刺激活区中排除假穴位针刺的干扰激活区，得出针刺激活的特异性脑区图。结果排除8例假穴位针刺期激活脑区后，与静息状态比较，针刺10例被试右侧太冲穴激活的脑区主要包括左右小脑（t值分别为10．06、9．82）、前额叶、顶上小叶（t值分别为4．36、4．53）和顶下小叶（t值分别为3．94、4．95）、枕叶、海马旁回（t值分别为5．63、6．32）、岛叶（t值分别为3．82、5．51）、丘脑、豆状核（t值分别为3．24、4．40）以及对侧颞极和前、后扣带回（P值均〈0．01）。排除8例假穴位针刺“后效应期”激活区后，针刺10例被试太冲穴后效应期激活的脑区主要包括双侧小脑、前额叶、顶上小叶和顶下小叶、枕叶、豆状核、海马旁回，同侧颞极、海马、岛叶和丘脑，对侧尾状核头和胼胝体以及前、后扣带回。结论针刺Liv3激活视区、边缘系统和皮层下灰质结构，可能是脑内调整的特异性脑区，而且这些区域在后效应期仍有激活，为针刺后效应的存在提供了一定的客观证据，这将为以后针刺实验的科学设计奠定基础工作。     

针刺穴位与大脑皮层之间关系的脑功能MRI表现

目的利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)揭示针刺人体穴位所致大脑皮层神经生理兴奋的现象。方法分别针刺“足阳明胃经”上的伏兔穴(S32,7例)、足三里穴(S36,9例)和“足少阳胆经”上的阳陵泉穴(G34,7例)、光明穴(G37,8例);其中男27例,女4例;年龄21~48岁,平均295岁;MR信号采集运用GE15TSignaHorizonLX超导型MR仪;应用单次激发回波平面成像梯度回波序列(GREEPI),采集8层与解剖图像完全相同层面的功能图像,扫描参数为TR3000ms,TE40ms,翻转角90°,视野24cm×24cm,层厚7mm,间隔05mm,矩阵64×64;图像数据在工作站(SUN,GEAdvancdWorkstation31)上,运用功能神经成像分析软件(analysisoffunctionalneuroimage,AFNI)进行处理分析。结果针刺伏兔穴和足三里穴可以引起下丘脑、海马回、额回的神经生理兴奋,平均血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号强度增加(428±150)%;针刺光明穴和阳陵泉穴,同侧枕叶视皮层均有明显兴奋区,其中8例受试者(5例光明穴、3例阳陵泉穴)双侧枕叶视皮层都有明显兴奋区,针刺后枕叶视皮层兴奋的平均BOLD信号强度增加(33±12)%;此外,脑组织兴奋还见于额叶、颞叶、基底节和桥脑等。结论fMRI可以显示针刺穴位后所致大脑相应区域的信号强度增加,由此提供了针刺某穴位可以引起大脑相应区域的神经生理兴奋的理论根据。     

血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像在脑功能区肿瘤患者的应用

目的:利用血氧水平依赖功能磁共振技术(BOLD-fMRI),评估肿瘤位于或邻近脑皮层运动功能区的良、恶性肿瘤患者的脑皮层运动功能激活区形态和位置变化,比较和分析两者间激活区体积和最大信号强度的差异。方法:收集30例病理学证实肿瘤位于或邻近脑皮层运动功能区的脑肿瘤患者(恶性肿瘤18例,良性肿瘤12例),应用BOLD-fMRI技术,检查时患者双手同时对指运动,获得脑皮层运动功能区的激活图像,应用工作站对原始数据进行后处理,获得功能区激活图,并与解剖图融合,显示良、恶性肿瘤患者的患侧和健侧脑皮层运动激活区形态和位置;应用SPM 5软件计算和分析双侧脑皮层运动激活区的激活体积及最大信号强度,并用统计学方法分析各组间的差异。结果:肿瘤患侧脑皮层运动功能激活区的范围减小、形状变细长、主要向前或外侧移位;恶性肿瘤的脑皮层运动功能激活区的激活体积和最大信号强度明显小于良性肿瘤者(P0.01)。所有肿瘤患侧脑皮层运动功能激活区的激活体积和最大信号强度明显小于健侧(P0.01)。结论:BOLD-fMRI能直观地显示肿瘤患者脑皮层运动功能激活区的形态和位置变化,有助于外科手术方案的制定;良、恶性肿瘤组之间,肿瘤组与健侧组之间的脑皮层运动功能激活区的激活体积和最大信号强度具有显著性差异。     

针刺外关穴和非穴fMRI脑功能成像的比较研究

目的:运用fMRI脑功能成像技术,研究针刺外关穴和非穴(在三焦经与小肠经之间中点,平外关穴,下同)两种情况下,健康青年志愿者不同脑区的激活情况,以印证"经穴特异性-脑相关假说".材料和方法:12例健康志愿者,随机分为针刺外关穴组和针刺非穴组,分别接受针刺刺激.同时,运用GE公司3.0T超导MRI系统完成脑部扫描.所得图像采用SPM2软件包进行处理和分析.结果:针刺外关穴能显著激活BA13、22、37、40、44、45、47区、海马、杏仁核、黑质等区域,针刺非穴则能显著激活BA2、6、8、13、21、37、40、44、45、47区等区域,针刺外关穴与针刺非穴对比则发现,BA2区和双侧小脑等区域有明显的激活点.结论:针刺外关穴能特异性地激活脑部功能区,为其疗效特异性的中枢机制之一.     

DTI和fMRI在正常成人视觉系统的联合应用研究

目的:联合应用BOLD-fMRI及DTI两种技术,用量化的指标研究正常成人视觉皮质激活区域的弥散特征以及与之相连视放射的弥散特性之间的关系,评价此种方法在显示脑区连接方面的价值。材料和方法:10名正常志愿者行视觉刺激下的fMRI扫描,应用闪烁的棋盘方格作为任务刺激,同时扫描层厚与位置相同的DTI图像。用SPM99处理fMRI图像,DTVⅡ软件处理DTI图像。将脑的激活图叠加于FA或DEC图,分别测量视放射以及视觉皮质激活区域的FA值,并将二者进行比较。结果:10例均见双侧初级视觉皮质V1以及V2区的激活;5例伴有V5区即视觉运动区(MT区)的激活,其中3例可见外侧膝状体(LGN)的激活信号。视放射FA均值与激活区的FA均值比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。将激活图叠加于DEC图后,直观显示了前后走行的视放射纤维连接激活的LGN与激活的视皮质。结论:联合fMRI与DTI方法发现BOLD信号主要位于具有各向同性特征的灰质区域,更有助于BOLD的定位;可以直观显示不同脑区之间的纤维连接,有助于研究脑结构与功能之间的关系。     

多穴位电脉冲刺激的脑皮层功能区fMRI研究

目的 探讨多穴位电脉冲刺激时的脑功能区变化状况。资料与方法 选择治疗偏瘫患者常用的一组穴位（肩Yu、手三里、曲池、合谷）对12例健康右利手志愿者的右上肢进行电脉冲刺激，同时进行BOLD fMRI扫描，运用t检验统计学方法分析得出刺激状态与静息状态信号对比的脑功能图像，观察脑皮层相应功能区的激活状况。另外，随机选择其中5例不同时间段重复观察，评价兴奋区的可重复性。结果 针刺状态下，12例受试者的对侧初级躯体感觉区（SM1）被激活，其中有9例可观察到一侧或双侧辅助运动区（SMA）兴奋、8例运动前区（PMA）兴奋。激活区检测的可重复性＞80％。结论 多穴位电脉冲刺激能特定性地激活相应的脑皮层兴奋区，特定功能穴位群的选择与临床症状有关。     

针刺穴位脑功能磁共振成像的再研究

目的 利用功能磁共振成像（functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI）针刺位于足少阴肾经上的太溪穴（KI3）及非穴位对照点进行多次脑fMRI,探讨针刺引起的脑功能变化.方法 选取健康志愿者10名,在不同时间进行4次完全相同的功能磁共振扫描,每次扫描间隔至少间隔两周.结果 针刺太溪穴及非穴位点均可以观察到脑功能的活动.针刺两点同一受试者在不同次实验中及同一次实验过程中不同个体间的BOLD信号均有较大变异,但同一次实验中所有志愿者组分析结果相对恒定;组分析结果显示针刺太溪与非穴位点引起的脑功能活动有明显差别.结论 应用fMRI来研究针刺脑功能活动,为了解针刺某特定穴位点特定个体脑激活模式,需行多个时相的功能磁共振扫描,以获得精确的脑激活模式图像.     

基于局部一致性方法探究电针本神穴的即刻脑效应

目的:观察电针本神穴前后不同阶段脑效应的变化,基于局部一致性(ReHo)方法探究电针本神穴的即刻脑效应及相对特异性.方法:采用3.0 T MRI扫描仪与新型头颅柔性线圈(AHC12),对20例健康受试者行电针前及电针即刻2个阶段BOLD-fMRI扫描.利用RESTplus软件对图像进行预处理,获取2期扫描的ReHo值....     

健康人视觉刺激的fMRI研究

目的：探讨健康人单眼及双眼刺激功能磁共振成像（fMRI）时双侧视觉皮层激活的特点及单、双眼刺激脑激活区的异同。方法：正常受试者25例,行单眼及双眼刺激fMRI检查。选择符合条件者16例。fMRI内容为全屏幕黑白翻转棋盘格刺激的Block设计。fMRI采用SPM2软件进行功能数据预处理、统计分析和结果显示,对单眼及双眼刺激行组间分析,并对三种刺激的激活两两配对进行SPM2基本模型配对t检验。结果：正常受试者左、右眼及双眼刺激纹状区、纹旁及纹周区（BA17,18,19）均见激活;单眼及双眼刺激组分析中引起视觉皮层反应的优势大脑半球均为右侧,同一个体的左眼、右眼及双眼刺激的优势半球一致;左、右眼刺激,双眼与左眼刺激枕区视觉皮层激活区未见显著性差异;双眼较右眼刺激仅有较小范围的视觉皮层激活明显增加。结论：健康人左、右眼刺激及双眼刺激引起的双侧视觉皮层激活不对称,存在右侧优势现象。     

Correlation between the amplitude of cortical activation and reaction time: a functional MRI study

OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the correlation between reaction time and the amplitude of cortical activation during the performance of a visuomotor response-time task in a functional MRI (fMRI) experiment. We hypothesized that the fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) amplitude may have a negative correlation with a subject's reaction time: the lower the amplitude within the cortical areas along the visuomotor pathway, the slower the response. A larger amplitude of the fMRI signal would reflect faster response times. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During a single-event fMRI experiment, the reaction times (in milliseconds) of 32 right-handed subjects responding to a visual cue were recorded. Analysis of the single-event paradigm using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM99) was performed, activation maps were produced for each subject, and then a random effects group analysis was performed. The maximum amplitudes of cortical activation (percent signal change) in four activated cortical regions were estimated and tabulated. The regions of interest included were the right and left occipital visual cortices, the supplementary motor area, and the left sensorimotor area. Simple and multiple regressions were performed between the mean reaction times of the subjects and the BOLD amplitudes in each region of interest and for the composite region of interest. RESULTS: The results showed significant negative associations between the reaction times and maximum amplitudes in the right occipital, left occipital, and left sensorimotor area cortical regions (p < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between reaction times and the amplitude within the supplementary motor area. When the effects of age and sex on these associations were analyzed, we found that age had an impact on the results for individual regions of interest in the left occipital and left sensorimotor areas, but the composite amplitude of activation remained significantly correlated with reaction times. CONCLUSION: The degree of signal change in BOLD fMRI response of the right occipital, left occipital, and left sensorimotor areas reflects the speed of performance during the visuomotor response time task by the subject. Thus, the amplitude of activation can be used as one parameter to assess change in function.     

人脑视皮质功能MRI的初步研究及临床应用

目的：本实验应用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的回波平面（EPI）技术,着重研究了人脑视皮质的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）的功能磁共振成像。方法：本实验包括对36名正常健康志愿者及17例具有枕区病变患者的fMRI研究。在刺激和静止2种对比条件下采集枕区的回波平面图像。结果：主要视皮质位于双侧距状裂两侧 ,属于布劳德曼（Brodmann)17区。3例具有距状裂附近病变的患者的视皮质由于病变的占位效应而发生移位。结论：fMRI可用于在活体上脑上研究各功能区活动。视觉刺激下的fMRI可对人脑视皮质初步定位。由于病变占位效应的影响,病变周围的功能活动区常发生变形或移位。     

An fMRI study of somatosensory-implicated acupuncture points in stable somatosensory stroke patients

PURPOSE: To assess differences in brain responses between stroke patients and controls to tactile and electrical acupuncture stimulation using functional MRI (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 male, clinically stable stroke patients with left side somatosensory deficits, and 12 age-matched male control subjects were studied. fMRI was performed with two different paradigms; namely, tactile stimuli and electrical stimulation at acupuncture points LI4 and LI11 on the affected side of the body. fMRI data were analyzed using SPM99. RESULTS: Tactile stimulation in both patients and controls produced significant activation in primary and secondary sensory and motor cortical areas and cerebellum. Greater activation was present in patients than controls in the somatosensory cortex with both the tactile task and the acupuncture point (acupoint) stimulation. Activation was greater during the tactile task than the acupuncture stimulation in patients and normal controls. CONCLUSION: Differences observed between patients and controls on both tasks may indicate compensatory over recruitment of neocortical areas involved in somatosensory perception in the stroke patients. The observed differences between patients and controls on the acupoint stimulation task may also indicate that stimulation of acupoints used therapeutically to enhance recovery from stroke, selectively activates areas thought to be involved in mediating recovery from stroke via functional plasticity. fMRI of acupoint stimulation may illustrate the functional substrate of the therapeutically beneficial effect of acupuncture in stroke rehabilitation.     

Is there a BOLD response of the visual cortex on stimulation of the vision‐related acupoint GB 37?

PURPOSE: To determine whether or not acupuncture of guangming (GB 37) produces a significant response of the visual cortex detectable by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study investigates the activation of the visual cortex elicited by a soft and an intensified stimulation of GB 37, an acupoint documented to influence vision-related disorders. Three different paradigms were carried out to detect any possible modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD)-response in the visual cortex to visual stimulation through acupuncture. RESULTS: The percentage signal changes in the visual stimulation cycles did not significantly differ before vs. during acupuncture. CONCLUSION: Whereas no BOLD-response correlating with acupuncture was detected in the visual cortex, BOLD-signal-changes in response to needle twisting were detected in different cortical areas. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether these clusters correlate to inevitable somatosensory stimulation accompanying acupuncture or represent an acupuncture-specific response.     

Functional MRI in healthy subjects during acupuncture: different effects of needle rotation in real and false acupoints

The cerebral activation pattern due to acupuncture is not completely understood. Although the effect of acupuncture on cerebral haemodynamics has been studied, no previous report has focused on different puncture and stimulation methods. We used functional MRI (fMRI) in 15 healthy subjects to investigate cortical activation during stimulation of two real acupoints (Liv3 and G40) and one sham point, needled in a random and, for the subjects, blinded order employing rotating and non-rotating methods, using a blocked paradigm on a 1.5 tesla imager. Compared to the non-rotating stimulation method, during rotating stimulation of the real acupoints, we observed an increase in activation in both secondary somatosensory cortical areas, frontal areas, the right side of the thalamus and the left side of the cerebellum; no such effects of the needling technique were seen while stimulating the sham point. The observation that rotating the needle strengthened the effects of acupuncture only at real acupoints suggests that, as claimed in Chinese traditional medicine, stimulation of these acupoints has a specific effect on cortical neuronal activity, absent with sham acupoints. These specific cerebral activation patterns might explain the therapeutic effects of acupuncture in certain subjects.