颈动脉体瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨比较颈动脉体瘤的超声、CT、MRI、DSA的影像学表现,提高术前诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的14例颈动脉体瘤的各种影像学表现及特征。结果:各种检查均可显示肿瘤部位、大小及形态,颈动脉体瘤的彩色多普勒特点为中等偏低实质回声,境界清楚,大于3.0cm的肿瘤可见管道结构,但肿瘤上缘观察欠清,14例行彩色多普勒超声其中9例可显示瘤内网状血管,有1例神经鞘瘤误诊为颈动脉体瘤,诊断符合率为93%(14/15)。14例均行CT平扫加增强,CT增强显示为富血管肿瘤,其中12例肿瘤均匀强化,2例呈明显不均匀强化,CT值150～180HU,颈内、外动脉密度与瘤体等同难以分辨,术前CT诊断符合率为100%(14/14)。11例患者行MRI及MRA检查,MRI平扫特点为瘤内见流空的血管影像,明确显示颈内、外动脉分离和紧贴或镶嵌在肿瘤后外缘及前外缘,MRA能良好显示肿瘤与颈总动脉及其分叉的关系,术前MRI诊断符合率为100%(11/11)。其中8例同时行DSA血管造影,除能明确诊断和显示供血动脉外,DSA能清晰显示其血供及与颈内、外动脉的关系,术前DSA诊断符合率为100%(8/8)。结论:彩色多普勒超声、CT和MRI对颈动脉体瘤均有很高的诊断价值,差异无显著性意义。     

颈动脉体瘤的综合影像诊断

目的:评价颈动脉体瘤(CBT)的综合影像诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析24例CBT患者超声、MSCT、MRI和DSA检查资料,其中18行MSCTA检查、16例行MRI和MRA检查.结果:超声、MSCT、MRI和DSA检查均可显示肿瘤位置、大小及形态,所有颈动脉体瘤均位于颈动脉分叉处,21例为单侧,3例为双侧,共27个瘤体,平均直径(5.0±2.3)cm,其影像学特征为瘤体位于颈总动脉分叉处并与其紧密相连,呈单发肿块,瘤体内血供丰富,瘤体使颈外动脉向前内移位、颈内动脉向后外移位,颈内外动脉分叉角度明显增大,在MSCTA、MRA及DSA上呈"金杯"征.超声、MSCT、MRI和DSA的诊断准确率分别是87.5%、95.8%,100%和100%.结论:超声、CT、MRI及DSA在CBT的诊断中均有其各自的特点,临床上应根据其检查目的选择合适的检查方法.     

颈动脉体瘤影像学表现分析

目的 探讨颈动脉体瘤影像学表现及诊断价值.方法 33例颈动脉体瘤均经手术病理证实,均行X线平片及超声检查,其中28例经血管造影、20例行CT、16例行MRI和10例行MRA检查.回顾性分析颈动脉体瘤的各种影像学表现,评价其临床价值.结果 各种检查均可显示肿瘤部位及其形态,颈动脉体瘤的B型超声特点为中等偏低实质回声,＞3 cm的肿瘤可见管道结构,但肿瘤上缘观察欠清,2例行彩色多普勒超声显示瘤内网状血管.CT增强显示为富血管肿瘤,其中1例肿瘤均匀强化,颈内、外动脉密度与瘤体等同难以分辨.MRI的特点为瘤内见流空的血管影像,明确显示颈内、外动脉分离.MRA能良好显示肿瘤与颈总动脉及其分叉的关系.血管造影可明确显示供血动脉.结论 B超、CT和MRI对颈动脉体瘤的诊断各具一定的特征性.     

3D DSA在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的应用价值

目的：与常规DSA比较,评价3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤血管造影诊断中的应用价值。方法：15例蛛网膜下腔出血患者入院3天内均行常规DSA/3D DSA进行检查,分析不同方法对动脉瘤病变的显示情况。结果：15例患者中发现1例烟雾病,动脉瘤患者共10例。常规DSA检出8例,仅极少数病例能明确显示瘤颈形态（2/8）和载瘤动脉与瘤体的关系（1/8）。3D DSA显示病变复杂结构的能力较常规DSA明显提高。10例3D DSA图像都清晰显示了脑动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈形态及载瘤动脉关系。常规DSA假阳性患者经3D DSA证实为血管扭曲造成。结论：3D DSA可立体、直观地显示颅内动脉瘤及其与空间解剖关系,为手术夹闭和介入治疗方式的选择提供了有价值的影像学信息。     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值

 目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在颈动脉体瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析7例颈动脉体瘤患者的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现.所有病例均经手术病理证实.结果 颈动脉体瘤二维超声表现为颈动脉分叉处见实质性低回声肿块,边界清晰,边缘规则或呈分叶状.肿瘤较小时,多位于颈总动脉分叉处,使颈内、外动脉间距增大,形状多较规则;肿瘤较大时,常围绕血管生长.彩色多普勒超声均可见肿瘤内有较丰富的彩色血流信号,以动脉血流为主;CDFI还能清晰显示肿瘤与颈动脉的关系.结论 二维及彩色多普勒超声对诊断颈动脉体瘤具有无创、安全、特异性、准确性高的特点,有利于同颈部其他性质包块的鉴别诊断,是目前颈动脉体瘤诊断的首选方法.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的MSCT诊断价值

目的研究胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas,SPTP)的多层螺旋CT(multislice spiral CT,MSCT)表现,探讨MSCT图像后处理技术在显示SPTP瘤体与瘤周血管之间的关系,以及瘤体与周围组织间关系上的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的34例SPTP影像学资料,包括CT表现,肿瘤与周围组织、邻近血管关系。结果 34例患者均为单发肿瘤,发生于胰头部16例(47.1%)、颈部2例(5.9%)、头颈部1例(2.9%)、体部5例(14.7%)、尾部4例(11.8%)、体尾部4例(11.8%)、钩突部2例(5.9%)。15例实性(44.1%),7例囊性(20.6%),12例为囊实性(35.3%)。34例中除1例完全钙化者无强化外,余33例病灶表现为包膜、实性部分或分隔持续强化,部分病灶内实性部分表现为云絮状不均质强化。MSCT后处理技术显示6例其病灶与邻近血管粘连、浸润,1例病灶与邻近组织器官粘连、分界不清,1例病灶包膜不完整,术前MSCT诊断与术中、术后病理相符。结论 MSCT检查对SPTP术前能做出正确诊断,MSCT后处理技术可清楚显示肿瘤与瘤周血管、组织之间的关系,对肿瘤可切除性评估具有较高的临床指导价值。     

颈动脉体瘤的MSCT表现

目的：探讨MSCT及CTA对颈动脉体瘤（CBT）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析12例MSCT疑诊为CBT的影像学资料,12例均行CTA,其中2例行CT平扫,8例行CT增强扫描。结果：经病理或DSA证实,12例中11例确诊为CBT,共13个瘤体,左侧9个,右侧4个。CT平扫显示瘤体密度均匀,与邻近肌肉相似。8例9个瘤体动脉期均呈明显强化,强化不均匀;静脉期3个瘤体均匀强化。CTA可清晰显示CBT瘤体与颈动脉的关系。CTA误诊1例,经DSA证实为颈动脉瘤。结论：MSCT结合CTA可作为CBT较为理想的诊断方法。     

颈动脉体瘤的CT表现

目的 :探讨MSCT及CTA对颈动脉体瘤(CBT)的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析12例MSCT疑诊为CBT的影像学资料,12例均行CTA,其中2例行CT平扫,8例行CT增强扫描。结果:经病理或DSA证实,12例中11例确诊为CBT,共13个瘤体,左侧9个,右侧4个。CT平扫显示瘤体密度均匀,与邻近肌肉相似。8例9个瘤体动脉期均呈明显强化,强化不均匀;静脉期3个瘤体均匀强化。CTA可清晰显示CBT瘤体与颈动脉的关系。CTA误诊1例,经DSA证实为颈动脉瘤。结论 :MSCT结合CTA可作为CBT较为理想的诊断方法。     

DSA对颈动脉体瘤的诊断评价

本文报告经手术证实的9例颈动脉体瘤的动脉DSA表现,对DSA在颈动脉体瘤术前诊断的价值及其优越性进行了评价。指出颈动脉体瘤的血管造影特征为造影早期肿瘤染色,延续至静脉期,在DSA上显示更为典型。DSA不受骨骼干挠比常规血管造影有更高的分辩率,可以发现细小的供血动脉。本组2例显示颈内动脉发出细小分支参于肿瘤血供,过去文献报道较少。     

旋转数字减影血管造影及三维重建在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的 探讨脑血管旋转数字减影血管造影(DSA)和三维重建对颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗价值.方法 使用荷兰PHILIPS公司数字减影机,对35例疑有动脉瘤破裂的蛛网膜下隙出血患者行普通二维DSA及旋转DSA检查,并行血管三维重建,获得关于动脉瘤的定位、方向、瘤颈、动脉瘤清晰度、载瘤动脉和周嗣血管分支的立体解剖图像,将旋转DSA及三维影像与普通二维DSA结果比较.结果 常规DSA检查发现动脉瘤36个(30例),其中7例动脉瘤的方向及载瘤动脉和周围血管解剖关系显示不清,3例动脉瘤的颈部显示不清;5例未见明显动脉瘤染色.加摄旋转DSA并行三维重建后,又发现3例微小动脉瘤,明确诊断颅内动脉瘤39个(33例),2例仍未见动脉瘤.动脉瘤的全貌,瘤颈的位置、宽窄,载瘤动脉及周围血管分支的解剖关系清晰显示,避免了因血管重叠而产生的对动脉瘤的遮挡.结论 旋转DSA可从270°旋转视角更清晰地连续显示动脉瘤、瘤颈及周围的血管解剖结构,加三维重建后,动脉瘤的大小、方向、载瘤动脉及周围血管的关系呈立体解剖影像,既提高了动脉瘤血管造影诊断的灵敏度,降低了漏诊率,又为手术和介入治疗提供了更为全面、准确的影像资料.     

颈动脉超声和DSA对颅外段颈动脉狭窄诊断的对比研究

目的:比较彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)和血管造影(DSA)对颅外段颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法:对112例怀疑颈动脉狭窄的患者行颈动脉CDFI检查,然后再行DSA检查,对比两者的检查结果并进行分析。结果:以DSA检查结果为金标准,CDFI对颈动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性87.28%,特异性65.63%,准确性86.16%,阳性预测值87.28%,阴性预测值82.35%。结论:CDFI对颅外段颈动脉狭窄的敏感性高,可重复,无创伤,且对狭窄的原因能做出判断,适合于人群的筛选检查。DSA检查作为诊断颈动脉狭窄的金标准,可以起确诊作用。而二者结合可以全方位地了解狭窄的颈动脉,为临床制定合理的治疗方案提供依据。     

颈动脉体瘤的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT及CTA诊断颈动脉体瘤的价值。方法:回顾性分析11例经病理证实的颈动脉体瘤多层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描和CTA的影像资料,结合多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)等图像后处理技术分析其影像学特征。结果:11例共12个肿块,平扫肿块密度与肌肉相类似,CT值35～48HU,其中5例内见小灶状液化坏死区,动脉期图像显示所有病变明显强化,CT值高达200HU以上,延迟扫描病变密度明显降低,其中3个病灶强化均匀,6个病灶强化不均匀。12例均位于颈动脉分叉水平。8例颈部CTA均可清晰显示肿块与颈总、颈内及颈外动脉的关系,并可见肿块侧的颈动脉分叉呈杯口状扩大。结论:多层螺旋CT颈部平扫和增强以及CTA可以替代DSA作为确诊颈动脉体瘤的最佳诊断方法。     

Vascularization of head and neck paragangliomas: comparison of three MR angiographic techniques with digital subtraction angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR angiography of the head and neck region has been studied widely, but few studies have been performed concerning the efficacy of MR angiography for the identification of the specific vascular supply of the highly vascular head and neck paragangliomas. In this study, we compared three MR angiography techniques with respect to visualization of branch arteries in the neck and identification of tumor feeders in patients with paragangliomas. METHODS: Fourteen patients with 29 paragangliomas were examined at 1.5 T using 3D phase-contrast (PC), 2D time-of-flight (2D TOF), and multi-slab 3D TOF MR angiography. In the first part of the study, two radiologists independently evaluated the visibility of first-, second-, and third-order branch arteries in the neck. In the second part of the study, the number of feeding arteries for every paraganglioma was determined and compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the standard of reference in this study. RESULTS: Three-dimensional TOF angiography was superior to the other MR angiography techniques studied (P < .05) for depicting branch arteries of the external carotid artery in the neck, but only first- and second-order vessels were reliably shown. DSA showed a total of 78 feeding arteries in the group of patients with 29 paragangliomas, which was superior to what was revealed by all MR angiography techniques studied. More tumor feeders were identified with 3D TOF and 2D TOF angiography than with 3D PC MR angiography (P < .05), with a sensitivity/specificity of 61%/98%, 54%/95%, and 31%/95%, respectively. Sensitivity was lowest for carotid body tumors. CONCLUSION: Compared with intra-arterial DSA, the 3D TOF MR angiography technique was superior to 3D PC and 2D TOF MR angiography for identifying the first- and second-order vessels in the neck. With 3D TOF angiography, more tumor feeders were identified than with the other MR angiography techniques studied. The sensitivity of MR angiography, however, is not high enough to reveal important vascularization. The sensitivity of MR angiography is too low to replace DSA, especially in the presence of carotid body tumors.     

颅外颈动脉螺旋CT血管造影的临床意义(附45例报告)

目的 报告颅外颈动脉ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＴＡ）的初步经验,探讨该技术对各种颅外颈动脉病变的诊断意义,并在可能范围内与数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）作小样本的对照。方法 ４５例颈动脉ＣＴＡ,经最大密度投影（ＭａｘＩＰ）及表面灰度成像法（ＳＳＤ）行三维重建,其中５例在１周内作了ＤＳＡ检查。结果 ４５例颈动脉ＣＴＡ检查,共得到９０支血管图像。其中正常血管５５支,狭窄血管３１支,闭塞血管２支,颈内动脉动脉瘤１支,     

头颈部副神经节瘤的术前栓塞治疗

目的：分析头颈部副神经节瘤的ＤＳＡ表现及评价术前栓塞的作用。材料与方法，８例患者均行双侧颈总动脉及椎动脉ＤＳＡ检查，而后行患侧超选择性插管，以明胶海绵颗粒或真丝段作为栓塞材料。结果：５例颈静脉球瘤，２例颈动脉体瘤及１例迷走神经体瘤的动脉期均显示主要由颈外动脉的分支供血，如咽升动脉，耳后动脉，枕动脉等，颈静球瘤如侵犯后颅凹，颈内动脉或椎动脉的分支也可参与供血，实质期，肿瘤呈分叶状，不均匀染色，静脉期     

选择性血管造影对颈部肿块鉴别诊断的回顾分析

目的：探讨选择性动脉造影在颈部包块鉴别诊断中的价值。方法：20例患者经股动脉穿刺,颈总动脉造影术,6例直接颈总动脉穿刺。造影剂为60％泛影葡胺。部分行数字减影显示。结果：26例患者中颈动脉体瘤14例,颈动脉瘤4例,颈动静脉瘘2例,迷走体化学感受体瘤1例,颈神经鞘膜瘤2例,其它性质肿瘤3例。结论：选择性颈动脉造影对颈部尤其颈动脉三角区肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断很有价值。文本对此进行回归分析并报告了部分典型病例图片,为这一方法在口腔颌面外科应用提供了临床经验。     

Tumor feeding artery reconstruction with multislice spiral CT in the diagnosis of pelvic tumors of unknown origin

PURPOSE

We aimed to compare multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) angiography diagnosis with both surgical findings and postoperative pathological results in patients with pelvic tumors of unknown origin. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT angiography was compared with that of routine computed tomography for tumor feeding artery volume reconstruction to determine the origin and nature of pelvic tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The records of 43 patients with pelvic tumors of unknown origin who underwent MSCT angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Volume reconstructions using add vessel and merge views methods were performed for abdominal and pelvic blood vessels. The tumor origin was identified based on observations of the origin, number, morphology, starting/ending locations, route, and distribution of the tumor feeding arteries.

RESULTS

Overall, the mean tumor diameter was 9.8±3.5 cm (range, 4.2–23.5 cm); 11 tumors (25.6%) were cystic in nature; and 32 tumors (74.4%) were either solid/cystic or solid in nature. When considering all MSCT angiography examinations used to predict the nature of the tumor (e.g., malignant or benign), the sensitivity and specificity were 77.3% and 95.2%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 94.4% and 80%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 86.05% with an area under the curve of 0.961 (95% confidence interval, 0.913–1.000).

CONCLUSIONS

MSCT angiography volume reconstruction for pelvic tumor feeding arteries of unknown origin is highly valuable for localization, qualitative diagnosis, and quantitative diagnosis of pelvic tumors.Primary pelvic tumors of unknown origin often have an insidious onset and atypical symptoms. Conventional computed tomography (CT) diagnosis relies on the anatomical position and spatial relationship between adjacent organs. Therefore, this modality has a low (55%) diagnostic accuracy (1–3). In contrast, multislice spiral CT (MSCT) angiography is a noninvasive and comprehensive method for evaluating pelvic tumors of unknown origin, and use of this method could improve visualization of the small blood vessels as well as the quality of vascular imaging in such tumors (4). MSCT angiography reconstructs tumor feeding arteries using the add vessel (AV) method; and provides visualization of the three-dimensional spatial relationship between the tumor, tumor feeding arteries, and adjacent organs and large blood vessels using the merge views (MV) method. This ensures both an accurate and reliable display of the pelvic tumor feeding arteries.In recent years, the application of multislice spiral CT has improved the rate of diagnostic accuracy in pelvic tumors (5). MSCT angiography is mainly used to evaluate the blood vessels of clearly diagnosed abdominopelvic tumors prior to surgery (6). However, few reports exist describing the use of MSCT AV and MV volume reconstruction to determine pelvic tumor feeding artery origins, identify benign or malignant tumors, and differentiate between primary or secondary tumors. Some individuals recommend using magnetic resonance angiography for imaging pelvic tumor feeding arteries (7), even as MSCT angiography is emerging as the diagnostic tool of choice.In fact, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of diagnostic imaging for determining the nature of pelvic tumors. MSCT angiography has an emerging clinical role in vascular imaging. It has potentially significant advantages over conventional angiography and CT scans in pelvic tumor diagnosis, especially with regard to differentiating between benign and malignant disease states and assisting in disease management (8–12).The purpose of this study was to compare diagnoses made using MSCT angiography with both surgical findings and postoperative pathological results in patients with pelvic tumors of unknown origin. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT angiography was compared with that of routine CT for tumor feeding artery volume reconstruction to determine the origin and nature of pelvic tumors.     

多层螺旋CT及CTA诊断颈动脉体瘤的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT及CTA诊断颈动脉体瘤的价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析7例经病理证实的颈动脉体瘤多层螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描和CTA及3例DSA的影像资料。结果:7例共9个肿块(双侧2例),平扫肿块密度与肌肉相类似,增强扫描所有肿块均显著增强,薄层横断面图像能清晰显示被推移或包绕的颈内外动脉以及增宽的颈内、外动脉间距。8个肿块外周可见多发扩张的滋养动脉影。颈部CTA清晰显示7例9个肿块与颈总、颈内及颈外动脉的关系,其中7个肿块侧的颈动脉分叉呈杯口状扩大。3例CTA结果与DSA检查完全一致。结论:多层螺旋CT结合CTA可以替代DSA作为确诊颈动脉体瘤的最佳诊断方法。     

彩色多普勒超声在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的临床应用

目的：研究彩色多普勒超声（Color Doppler Flow Imaging,CDFI）检查对颈部动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法：分别对115例脑血管病患者和120例正常人进行颈部动脉CDFI检查,测量双侧颈总动脉分叉处及颈内动脉后壁内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）及斑块形成情况。结果：CDFI显示,与对照组相比,疑似颈动脉狭窄组中发现206支颈动脉内膜-中膜增厚,132支伴有斑块形成,收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张末期流速均显著性增高,对照组238支颈动脉各项指标均正常。结论：CDFI可作为检查颈动脉管壁病变的一种优良的观测手段,能准确地判定颈动脉狭窄程度及狭窄位置,为临床提供可靠诊断依据,也能用作治疗后随访手段。