药物超敏综合征1例

药物超敏综合征（DHS）为较少见的重症药物反应,现将我院诊治的由抗癫痫药物引起的药物超敏综合征1例报告如下。     

Immunofluorescent studies of bovine hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Antigens of Micropolyspora faeni were located by immunofluorescence in apparent association with alveolar macrophages within sections of lung from cases of bovine interstitial pneumonia. Pretreatment of frozen sections with pH 2.8 glycine-HC1 buffer was a necessary prerequisite for specific staining. Bovine immunoglobulin and bovine complement were identified in similar locations.     

Lymphocyte transformation test for the evaluation of adverse effects of antituberculous drugs

The usefulness of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) for the analysis of adverse reactions to antituberculous drugs was evaluated. - The LTT was performed with isoniazid and rifampicin in 15 tuberculosis and 2 MOTT (Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis)-infection patients who suffered drug reactions, in 23 patients without any adverse reactions, in 7 controls previously exposed to antituberculous drugs, and in 14 controls who had never been exposed. 4/15 of the hepatotoxic reactions only showed a positive LTT with rifampicin, 3/15 only with isoniazid, and in 8/15 the LTT was negative. In an anaphylactoid shock reaction the LTT was extremely exaggerated for both rifampicin and isoniazid. In patients without any side effects only one slightly increased LTT due to isoniazid was observed. Two healthy controls with previous contact to these drugs showed a positive LTT for isoniazid, one of those with both rifampicin and isoniazid. The LTT was negative in all control persons without any former contact to antituberculous medications. In most cases hepatotoxicity seems to be a pure toxic reaction without the participation of cellular immune mechanisms. LTT can be useful for identifying the drug responsible for immunological side effects.     

Factors influencing in vitro Lymphocyte transformation for screening immunomodulation drugs among crude herbal extracts

When in vitro lymphocyte transformation test was used to investigate the immunologic effects of crude herbal extracts, false negative results of 3H-TdR uptake usually were obtained due to the high content of impurities, higher concentration of drugs or incomplete harvest of cells. Microscopic examination of cell growth to be additional index proved very useful because of being less interfered by factor mentioned above. Cell growth examination has high reliability, reproducibility, wider range of suitable drug concentration detectable (20-40 micrograms crude extract/well) and high objectivity of being capably examined by several observers for comparison. Therefore both 3H-TdR uptake and cell growth examination should be adopted for indications of this test to obtain accurate objective results. In case of increasing adhesion of cells with surfaces of plate wells by crude herbal extract it is necessary to elevate negative pressure (700 mmHg) and prolong the time of wash-suction (1.5-2 min) during cell harvesting.     

Lymphocyte surface marker studies in the diagnosis of unexplained lymphocytosis.

Fifty-six patients with unexplained lymphocytosis were investigated with a panel of antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens. In 23 the distribution of cell surface markers suggested reactive lymphocytosis. The remaining 33 patients showed a distribution of cell surface markers that indicated or suggested a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Two illustrative case reports show how such studies performed early in the investigation of unexplained lymphocytosis may permit earlier diagnosis of the underlying mechanism.     

儿童抗癫痫药高敏综合症20例临床分析

目的:总结我院20例诊断为抗癫痫药高敏综合征(Antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome,AHS)患儿的临床特征、治疗方法及所用抗癫痫药,提高对本病的认识,为临床救治工作提供参考.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2010 年 4月诊断为AHS患儿的临床资料.结果:20例...     

抗癫痫药高敏综合征临床及病理分析

目的：探讨抗癫痫药高敏综合征（AHS）的临床特点、诊断、发病机理及治疗.方法：回顾性分析1例经临床诊断的AHS患者的临床资料.结果：该例患者服用卡马西平后6w以发热起病,表现为典型的发热、皮疹、淋巴结病三联征,并合并肝、肺受累.血清免疫学、淋巴结活检及骨髓涂片结果提示该病例为免疫反应性增生,排除了其他类似表现的炎症性疾病及肿瘤.及时停用卡马西平,应用皮质激素治疗后病情迅速缓解.结论：AHS是一种特异质反应,与免疫状态密切相关,其发病机理尚未明确.临床表现和实验室检查是诊断及鉴别诊断的重要依据.即早认识并停用致敏药物是治疗的关键.     

药物滥用者的脑功能显像研究

采用单光子发射计算机断层扫描技术研究长期滥用海洛因和摇头丸对局部脑血流量、脑功能活动和多巴胺系统的影响以及电针的效应机制.通过观察摇头丸滥用者和健康志愿者在电针前后的脑血流变化,以及摇头丸和海洛因滥用者与正常志愿者的脑多巴胺转运蛋白显像的对比研究,通过对采集的影像数据进行视觉和定量分析,结果发现,摇头丸滥用组94.1%(16/17)存在单侧额-脑岛-基底节-颞叶区局限性血流灌注和脑功能活动异常增高,而且所有滥用者大脑皮质都存在不同区域的局限性血流灌注和脑功能活动低下区.多巴胺转运蛋白显像更清晰地表明,摇头丸、海洛因滥用者和正常志愿者相比,双侧纹状体明显变小、形态异常,而且,纹状体的长度、宽度及纹状体/全脑比值都与正常志愿者差异明显,有非常显著的统计学意义.此外,滥用者的颅板、头皮和窦汇皆显影,表明血-脑脊液屏障的通透性亦明显增高.综合研究结果,摇头丸和海洛因对脑的损害是广泛的,包括血流灌注、脑细胞功能活动、多巴胺系统和血脑屏障.电针治疗可以显著增加或调整局部脑血流量,并改善大脑的功能活动.提示针刺可以作为一种简便、有效、无副作用的方法用于治疗摇头丸滥用所导致的脑部病理损害.     

ABC分类法在我院药品库存控制中的应用

目的探讨应用ABC法优化药品库存,提高资金使用效率和药库工作效率。方法运用ABC分类法对药库药品进行分类管理,结合药品供应链平台自动制定合理采购计划。结果 ABC分类法能有效提升药品周转效率,提高采购资金使用效能,使药品库存趋于合理。结论在药库药品供应链的自动化改造中,利用ABC分类法使药品高低限量的设定更为合理,提高药品管理水平和保障能力。     

智能药物传输系统的研究进展

智能药物传输系统是指系统自身具有传感、处理及响应释药、停止释药的“自动”药物传输体系。各种智能药物传输系统实现了药物的定点、定时及定量释放。简要介绍了智能药物传输系统的发展近况,并从pH值敏感型、温度敏感型、葡萄糖敏感型以及其他敏感型给药系统角度阐述了智能药物传输系统的研究现状及未来展望。     

心源性脑栓塞后出血性转换18例

出血性转换(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)是指在脑梗死缺血区内出现自发性出血转变。因脑栓塞并发出血性转换的发生率更高,给治疗增加了难度,所以,掌握其发生特点有助于此病的诊断和治疗。现将我院2003年1月-2006年3月诊治的18例心源性脑栓塞后出血性转换患者的临床资料,报告如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组18例,男13例,女5例;年龄43~65岁,平均年龄(54·63±9·61)岁。本组病例符合1995年第四次全国脑血管病学术会议制定的心源性脑栓塞的诊断标准[1];其中合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病11例(61·1%),包括陈旧性心肌梗死9例(行冠脉支架植…