肝动脉化学栓塞联合适形放射治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效分析

[目的]探讨肝动脉化学栓塞(TACE)联合三维适形放射(3DCRT)治疗对中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效.[方法]19例中晚期原发性肝癌进行了TACE联合3DCRT治疗,TACE灌注化疗药物丝裂霉素C 20mg,5-氟尿嘧啶1 000～1 500 mg,顺铂60～80 mg,栓塞剂为40%碘化油,治疗1～3次;3DCRT应用Topslane计划系统,6 MV-X直线加速器实施治疗,4～8个适形固定野,计划靶体积13.3～907 ch3,总剂量30～48 Gy,每次4～7 Gy,连续照射6～10次.[结果]近期有效率(CR PR)73.7%,1、2年生存率分别为79%和42%,治疗前后不良反应无明显差异.[结论]TACE联合3DCRT能提高中晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果,但不增加不良反应.     

TACE联合三维适形放疗治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效观察

目的探讨肝动脉灌注栓塞化疗（TACE）联合三维适形放疗（3-DCRT）治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效。方法 87例患者随机分为TACE联合3-DCRT治疗组45例和TACE治疗组42例。联合组先进行TACE治疗1～2次,4～6周后行3-DCRT,分割剂量2.6～3.2 Gy,总剂量为48～60 Gy。TACE组行TACE治疗2～3次。结果联合组近期总有效率为86.7%,TACE组为66.7%（P〈0.05）;两组1年、2年、3年生存率分别为73.3%、53.3%、35.6%和59.5%、31.0%、14.3%,其中2、3年生存率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 TACE联合3-DCRT治疗中晚期原发性肝癌具有较好的疗效,不良反应少。     

原发性肝癌全身热疗结合介入治疗和三维适形放疗的临床疗效探讨

目的探讨利用全身热疗结合介入和三维适形放疗（3-DCRT）对原发性肝癌进行综合治疗的疗效。方法对原发性肝癌患者进行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）介入治疗，3天后进行全身热疗，2-3周后进行3-DCRT治疗，计划常规分割照射总剂量为48Gy～55Gy。治疗计划中≥90％的等剂量曲线包绕计划靶区PTV（planning target volume）。观察毒、副反应和近期疗效。结果22例原发性肝癌患者治疗后，部分缓解（PR）20例；一年生存率为82％，中位生存时间为9个月。全身热疗过程中，皮肤灼伤：Ⅰ度为36．4％（8／22）；Ⅱ度为4．5％（1／22）；灼伤面积〈2％体表面积。肝脏急性不良反应1级1例。结论介入、热疗结合3-DCRT技术治疗肝细胞癌安全可靠，有利于提高疗效。     

TACE联合3DCRT治疗原发性肝癌临床观察

将42例原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组,A组采用肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗,B组单纯采用TACE治疗,观察两组临床疗效及相关毒副作用。发现全部患者均能完成治疗计划。A组有效率为70％,0．5、18生存率分别为75％、50％;B组有效率为36％,0．5、18生存率分别为50％、18％,两组比较均有统计学差异。TACE联合3DCRT综合治疗原发性肝癌毒副反应较轻,疗效较好,是原发性肝癌患者非手术治疗的一种较满意的方法,但远期生存率与后期并发症尚需进一步观察。     

原发性肝癌

奥曲肽治疗原发性肝癌的31例报告；青年人原发性肝癌的治疗与预后分析；肝动脉化学栓塞联合适形放射治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效分析；原发性肝癌影像学特征与病理学关系的研究进展（综述）；肝癌的手术切除及介入和射频治疗对肝功能影响的临床研究；阿拓莫兰对经肝动脉介入化疗栓塞的原发性肝癌患肝功能的保护作用；肝癌组织TGF-β1异常表达与HBV复制的病理学关系分析……[编按]     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合三维适形放疗治疗巨大原发性肝癌疗效分析

目的 探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）治疗巨大原发性肝癌患者的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月～2015年1月我院诊治的147例无法手术切除的巨大（直径≥10cm）原发性肝癌。根据治疗方案不同,分为TACE联合3D-CRT治疗63例和TACE治疗84例,比较分析两组患者治疗效果,并记录治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 TACE联合3D-CRT组有效率为65.1%,显著高于TACE组的40.5%（P＜0.05）;TACE联合3D-CRT组和单纯TACE组6 m、1 a、2 a生存率分别为84.1%、55.6%、27.0%和59.5%、38.1%、19.1%,其中两组6 m和1 a年生存率比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较无显著差异。结论 TACE联合3D-CRT治疗无法手术切除的巨大原发性肝癌具有良好的临床疗效。     

动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性对照研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗（3-DCRT）协同肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌（PHC）的临床效果。方法回顾分析中国医科大学附属盛京医院和辽宁省肿瘤医院收治的确诊为PHC的90例患者的临床病例资料,归纳总结其临床特点。将患者分为观察组和对照组,各45例,观察组采用TACE＋3-DCRT,对照组单纯采用TACE。观察比较2组近期疗效、生存率、肿瘤大小、甲胎蛋白变化、不良反应的差异。结果 2组近期疗效、肿瘤大小、甲胎蛋白、11、.5、2年生存率差异具有统计学意义（P≤0.05）,观察组疗效优于对照组;2组不良反应差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 3-DCRT联合TACE治疗PHC较单纯TACE治疗可提高近期疗效及生存率,安全性好,可作为临床非手术治疗的推荐疗法。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌40例

目的:探讨肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)的肝动脉化疗药物栓塞(TACE)联合三维适形放疗(3DCRT)的综合治疗效果.方法:原发性肝癌患者76例,进行前瞻性分组研究,综合治疗组40例行TACE结合3DCRT治疗,对照组36例单纯行TACE治疗.结果:综合治疗组1,2,3年生存率分别为78%,60%,34%;对照组分别为50%,32%,18%(P<0.05).结论:对不能手术切除治疗的原发性肝癌患者,TACE结合3DCRT治疗能明显提高治疗疗效,且无严重毒副作用.     

三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗(Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌的可行性及优势。方法选取60例确诊的无手术指征的中晚期肝癌患者,先行TACE,将导管置于肝固有动脉,灌注5-氟脲嘧1 000 mg+羟基喜树碱20 mg,然后用微导管超选肿瘤供血动脉,将超液化碘油10 ml与吡柔比星30 mg制成碘油化疗乳剂,对肿瘤进行栓塞;而后再注入细微颗粒对肿瘤血管进行栓塞,如PVA颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒,造影复查肿瘤供血动脉消失。3~4周后复查上腹部CT、肝肾功能、血常规,如果肿块体积过大,须再次行TACE治疗,待肿块缩小后,再进行3DCRT;TACE平均为3~5次。所有患者均行3DCRT。结果放疗结束1个月后评价疗效,其中完全缓解(CR)11例,部分缓解(PR)34例,无变化(NC)12例,进展(PD)3例,总有效率(CR+PR)为75%,1年生存率80%,2年生存率35%,3年生存率13.3%,死于非肿瘤相关疾病6例(10%),至随访日生存者5例(8.3%)。全组中位生存时间16个月。结论 3DCRT联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌是一种安全有效的方法,它能更好地杀灭肿瘤细胞、明显提高肿瘤局控率、延长生存期、提高生存质量,是治疗中晚期肝癌理想、有效的一种方法,值得临床推广应用。     

栓塞化疗序贯适形放射治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓

将67例原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓患者分为两组治疗,治疗组行肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）后序贯立体定向适形放疗（3-DCRT）,对照组单用TACE。结果治疗组肿瘤消退及生存状况均优于对照组。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.