拇指尺背侧动脉逆行皮瓣修复拇指远节软组织缺损

目的介绍以拇指尺背侧动脉为蒂逆行皮瓣修复软组织缺损的手术方法和适应证。方法2002年3月至2004年8月,应用以拇指尺背侧动脉为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣,修复拇指远节软组织缺损伴指骨外露13例,该皮瓣的设计以拇指尺背侧动脉体表投影线为轴心线,距甲沟2．3cm处纵轴线向背侧动脉穿支为旋转点,皮瓣面积为1．5cm×2．5cm～3．0cm×2．5cm。结果术后13例皮瓣完全成活,均获3～8个月随访,指间关节活动度与健侧相同；拇指外形满意,指腹两点辨别觉为6～10mm。结论拇指远节软组织缺损以拇指尺背侧动脉为蒂的皮瓣进行修复是最佳手术适应证。     

接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣修复指端缺损的方法和临床疗效。方法2008年8月-2011年8月．采用接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣修复2～5指指端缺损6例,其中食指2例,中指1例。环指2例,小指1例,皮瓣切取面积最大22mm×20mm,最小10mm×9mm。结果6例6指皮瓣全部成活．术后经6～24个月随访,平均13个月,皮瓣外观及手指功能恢复满意,感觉恢复S3,皮瓣两点辨别觉6～9mm,平均7．6mm,供区无并发症。结论接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣具有血供可靠．不破坏重要血管,且有可供接合的神经,操作简便等优点,是修复手指指端缺损较为理想的方法。     

吻合静脉的指动脉背侧皮支血管链皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损

目的探讨采用吻合静脉的指动脉背侧皮支血管链皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法采用吻合静脉的指动脉背侧皮支血管链皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损22例25指。结果指动脉背侧皮支血管链皮瓣的愈合、质地取得了满意的效果。结论指动脉背侧皮支血管链皮瓣的静脉与指背静脉吻合可改善皮瓣的静脉血液回流,促进皮瓣的愈合,减少色素沉着,提高皮瓣成活质量。     

同指顺行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨同指顺行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床疗效。方法本组46例指端缺损患者,创面清创后急诊行顺行指固有动脉岛状皮瓣移位修复手指指端缺损。缺损范围为1．0cm×1．0cm×2．0cm×2．5cm。皮瓣设计于同指中远节掌侧桡侧半或尺侧半,以创缘为横轴,纵轴与所携带血管神经蒂平行,近端未超过中节指横纹,皮瓣两侧缘均不过中线。结果46例皮瓣全部成活,无静脉回流障碍,供区创面一期愈合,术后随访3～12个月,皮瓣外形满意、质地柔软、弹性好、色泽与正常接近,皮瓣不臃肿能耐寒,伤指无疼痛。两点辨别觉达6-10mm。手功能按综合评定法评定：优28指,良16指．可2指,优良率96％。结论同指顺行指动脉岛状皮瓣移位修复指端缺损,皮瓣供区靠近创面,手术方法简便,术后功能及外形满意,是治疗指端缺损的一种比较理想的术式。     

胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的探讨以胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的临床应用效果和有关问题.方法应用胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损.缺损面积为3cm×4cm～8cm×12cm.设计的皮瓣面积为4cm×8cm～10cm×13cm.结果 6例患者皮瓣全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合,1例患者皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经换药处理后,创面Ⅱ期愈合,术后随访患者6～24个月,均取得满意效果.结论胫后动脉皮支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣血供充分,蒂长,皮瓣切取面积大,是修复足部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣.     

指动脉背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复同指指背皮肤缺损

目的 探讨以指动脉背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复同指指背皮肤缺损的临床效果.方法 2008年1月至2010年2月,对12例不同节段指背皮肤软组织缺损,采用以近创面指动脉背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复同指指背缺损,其中顺行推进皮瓣7例,逆行岛状皮瓣5例.结果 术后皮瓣均顺利存活,供、受区切口均Ⅰ期愈合.10例获得随访,时间为6个月至2年;2例失访.皮瓣质地与周围组织接近,外形无臃肿;根据手指关节总活动度(TAM)系统评定:优8例,良1例,可1例.结论 采用指动脉背侧皮支为蒂的岛状皮瓣是一种修复同指指背皮肤缺损的简单、有效的治疗方法.     

指侧方球拍样皮瓣修复指背软组织缺损

我院从2001年5月～2002年12月,在解剖学观察基础上设计以指动脉为轴心血管的指侧方球拍样皮瓣,修复指背软组织缺损,临床应用18例,效果良好,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组18例,其中男13例,女5例;年龄18～55岁。修复部位:示指近节背侧6例,PIP关节背侧4例;中指PIP关节背侧5例;环指背侧3例。其中伴肌腱缺损2例(同时行肌腱移植修复),缺损面积1.0cm×1.5cm～1.5cm×2.5cm。1.2手术方法皮瓣设计:皮瓣设计于指侧方远端,18例均以尺侧指动脉为轴心血管,蒂柄部在掌尺侧沿指动脉走行方向,包含指动脉。切取皮瓣时保留指端1cm长指腹,以保证指…     

同指背侧桥式皮瓣修复末节基底横断性缺损

目的总结同指背侧桥式皮瓣修复末节基底近侧横断性缺损的临床效果。方法自2007年3月至2009年1月我院采用同指背侧桥式皮瓣修复32例41指。于伤指背侧据伤口皮缘0．5cm处由双侧侧中线向近侧设计皮瓣深筋膜下锐性剥离，向指端旋转修复指端缺损。供区游离植皮修复。结果32例41指全部成活、术后28例挟得随访随访时间3-10个月．平均6个月。皮瓣质地柔软，能耐寒．伤指无疼痛，两点分辨觉5～8mm，平均6．5mm。结论同指背侧桥式皮瓣手术方法简单，疗效满意，是修复末节基底近侧横断性缺损的一种良好的手术方法。     

拇指指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端缺损

目的 探讨应用拇指近节指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端缺损的临床疗效 方法 设计拇指指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端皮肤软组织缺损伴骨外露创面8例,皮瓣切取面积为2.0cm × 3.5 cm～2.5 cm×5.0cm,供区均直接缝合. 结果 术后皮瓣均成活,随访6～12个月,皮瓣外形良好,患侧拇指指间关节活动度与健侧接近.患指指腹的两点辨别觉平均为9.2 mm. 结论 应用拇指近节指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端缺损临床效果良好.     

指动脉终末背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 观察不同切取方式的指动脉终末背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床疗效. 方法 采用指动脉背侧支为蒂的中节指背皮瓣、单纯筋膜蒂近节指背皮瓣、带指背神经营养血管蒂的近节指背皮瓣等3种方式修复指端缺损32例43指,皮瓣面积1.0 cm×2.0 cm～2.5 cm×4.2 cm,蒂长1.0～2.5 cm. 结果 术后33指皮瓣全部成活,8指皮瓣部分成活,2指皮瓣坏死.术后随访2～21个月,患指外形满意,皮瓣无臃肿,色泽正常、质软、弹性好,两点辨别觉恢复至11 ～ 15 mm.供区植皮平整,不影响肌腱活动. 结论 指动脉终末背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损,方法简单,疗效满意,是治疗指腹端缺损的可选方法之一.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.