高三酰甘油血症对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的影响

目的 研究高三酰甘油血症对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞形态和功能的影响.方法 断奶1周雄性SD大鼠(约70 g)随机分为2组,每组10只,分别给予高脂饲料和普通饲料喂养4周.检测血清三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)及游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平,HE染色和透射电镜观察胰腺腺泡细胞形态.胶原酶消化法分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞,台盼蓝染色测定细胞活力.给予不同浓度胆囊刺激素(CCK-8)刺激胰腺腺泡细胞分泌淀粉酶及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),测定酶释放率. 结果 高脂饮食饲喂大鼠4周后,血清TG、FFA较正常饮食组明显升高(P ＜ 0.05).高脂饮食组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞出现空泡样改变及内质网扩张.体外培养6 h后,高脂饮食组胰腺腺泡细胞活力低于对照组(P ＜ 0.05),且各浓度CCK-8引起的淀粉酶和LDH释放均高于正常饮食组(P ＜ 0.05).结论 饮食诱导的高三酰甘油血症可以引起大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞损伤.     

基因芯片筛选ghrelin miRNA转染胰腺炎细胞模型后的差异表达基因

背景:前期研究提示ghrelin在急性胰腺炎发病过程中发挥重要作用,但其机制尚不明确。目的:应用基因芯片技术筛选出ghrelin miRNA转染胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞后的差异表达基因。方法:以雨蛙肽构建胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞模型。将AR42J细胞分为ghrelin miRNA+雨蛙肽组、阴性对照+雨蛙肽组。提取细胞RNA,合成为ds-DNA,与大鼠全基因组基因芯片杂交、扫描、分析。筛选与炎症和钙通路相关的差异表达基因,并采用RT-PCR法对其中3个基因(Bcl-2、caspase-8、caspase-12)进行验证。结果:给予AR42J细胞ghrelin miRNA+雨蛙肽干预后,共筛选出2 938个差异表达基因,其中1 435个基因表达上调,1 503个基因表达下调。与CAMP/Ca2+信号通路相关的差异表达基因有60个,与炎症通路相关的差异表达基因有199个。RT-PCR结果表明,ghrelin miRNA+雨蛙肽组Bcl-2、caspase-12表达下调,caspase-8表达上调,与基因芯片筛查结果一致。结论:基因芯片技术可筛选出ghrelin miRNA转染胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞过程中发挥关键作用的基因,从而为研究内源性ghrelin对胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞的作用机制提供依据和参考。     

高三酰甘油血症对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的影响

目的研究高三酰甘油血症对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞形态和功能的影响。方法断奶l周雄性SD大鼠（约70g）随机分为2组．每组10只．分别给予高脂饲料和普通饲料喂养4周。检测血清三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）及游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平，HE染色和透射电镜观察胰腺腺泡细胞形态。胶原酶消化法分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞．台盼蓝染色测定细胞活力。给予不同浓度胆囊刺激素（CCK-8）刺激胰腺腺泡细胞分泌淀粉酶及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）．测定酶释放率。结果高脂饮食饲喂大鼠4周后，血清TG、FFA较正常饮食组明显升高（P〈0．05）。高脂饮食组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞出现空泡样改变及内质网扩张。体外培养6h后，高脂饮食组胰腺腺泡细胞活力低于对照组（P〈0．05），且各浓度CCK-8引起的淀粉酶和LDH释放均高于正常饮食组（P〈0．05）。结论饮食诱导的高三酰甘油血症可以引起大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞损伤。     

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠血清游离脂肪酸谱的变化

高三酰甘油血症是重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的常见病因之一。游离脂肪酸（FFA）是高三酰甘油血症致胰腺损伤的重要因素。我们通过建立大鼠SAP模型。测定血清FFA谱和炎症因子的变化，探讨不同类型FFA在SAP发生发展中的作用机制。评估其用于判断病情的临床价值。     

塞来昔布对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞炎症损伤的作用

背景：急性胰腺炎（AP）的发病始于胰腺腺泡细胞内胰酶的激活,造成腺泡细胞损伤。环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和核因子-κB（NF．KB）在AP的炎症反应中起重要作用。目的：观察雨蛙肽和选择性COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布对离体大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞COX-2和NF—κB表达的影响．探讨塞来昔布对腺泡细胞炎症损伤的作用。方法：分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞,分为对照组、雨蛙肽组（1×10^-7mol／L）和塞来昔布干预组（100μmol／L,15min后加入雨蛙肽）,分别培养1、3、6、12h。测定腺泡细胞活力、淀粉酶分泌率和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率,逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫细胞化学染色检测COX-2、NF—κBmRNA和蛋白表达。结果：与对照组相比,雨蛙肽组各时间点腺泡细胞活力均显著降低,淀粉酶分泌率和LDH漏出率显著增高,COX-2和NF—κBmRNA表达量显著增高,蛋白表达阳性率亦增加（P〈0．05）。塞来昔布干预组各时间点腺泡细胞活力、淀粉酶分泌率和LDH漏出率均较雨蛙肽组显著改善（心O．05）,COX-2mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低（P〈0．05）,NF—κBmRNA和蛋白表达与雨蛙肽组无明显差异。结论：塞来昔布可抑制大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞中雨蛙肽刺激的COX-2活性,从而减轻细胞炎症损伤。     

PIAS1基因沉默对雨蛙肽诱导胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

活化STAT蛋白抑制物(PIAS)1基因沉默可增强雨蛙肽诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞炎症反应。目的:探讨PIAS1基因沉默对雨蛙肽刺激胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响。方法:AR42J胰腺腺泡细胞在Lipofectamine~(TM)2000介导下转染PIAS1-siRNA和阴性siRNA。将细胞分为PIAS1-siRNA+雨蛙肽组、阴性siRNA+雨蛙肽组、脂质体+雨蛙肽组、PBS+雨蛙肽组和对照组。以DNA Ladder、Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞凋亡情况,流式细胞术测定细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测1353、Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:与其余各组相比,PIAS1-siRNA+雨蛙肽组DNA梯度裂解条带明显增加,荧光着色阳性细胞数增多;G1期细胞数增多,S期细胞数减少,细胞凋亡率增加;p53、Bax、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达明显上调,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达下调(P均0.05)。结论:PIAS1基因沉默可增强雨蛙肽活化的caspase-3凋亡途径诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡,为通过调控PIAS1表达治疗急性胰腺炎提供新的理论依据。     

棕榈酸致大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞损伤中内质网应激通路的作用

目的 研究棕榈酸对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的损伤作用及内质网应激通路的作用.方法 采用胶原酶法体外分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞.将胰腺腺泡细胞与0.05和0.1 mmol/L棕榈酸分别共育1、2、3 h后,以未加棕榈酸的细胞为对照组,分别给予胆囊收缩素八肽(CCK-8)刺激,测定细胞淀粉酶释放比例;共聚焦显微镜动态观察胰腺腺泡细胞内钙离子浓度变化;透射电镜观察胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡;RT-PCR检测胰腺腺泡细胞内质网应激过程重要分子GRP78/Bip、XBP-1、GADD153/CHOP和caspase-12的基因表达.结果 体外分离的胰腺腺泡细胞与棕榈酸共同培育,给予100 pmol/L CCK-8刺激30 min后细胞淀粉酶释放比例随培育时间和棕榈酸浓度的增加而增加,且明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);细胞与0.1 mmol/L棕榈酸共同培育3 h,给予100 pmol/L CCK-8刺激后,可检测到GRP78/Bip、GADD153/CHOP、分裂的XBP-1和caspase-12的mRNA表达.透射电镜下观察到相应的胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡.细胞与0.1 mmol/L棕榈酸共同培育2、3 h后,分别给予100 pmol/L CCK-8刺激,发现细胞内钙荧光强度维持的高水平,较对照组明显增加(P＜0.05).结论 棕榈酸可增高大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞对CCK-8的敏感性,通过升高细胞内钙离子的浓度诱发内质网应激,从而引起细胞凋亡,加重胰腺腺泡细胞损伤.     

热休克蛋白A5对雨蛙肽诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞损伤的作用研究

目的探讨热休克蛋白A5(HSPA5)对雨蛙肽诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞损伤的作用。方法分别用高浓度(1×10~(-5) mol/L)、低浓度(1×10~(-11) mol/L)的雨蛙肽建立胰腺腺泡细胞损伤模型。分别将pcDNA3.1-HSPA5、pcDNA3.1、shHSPA5和shCon以脂质体法转染胰腺腺泡AR42J细胞,用qRT-PCR法检测细胞中HSPA5 mRNA的表达,MTT法检测细胞活力,Western blot检测细胞中HSPA5的蛋白表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果与对照组相比,高浓度和低浓度的雨蛙肽均能造成胰腺腺泡细胞损伤,且HSPA5在其中高表达。敲减HSPA5可加重胰腺腺泡细胞的损伤,过表达HSPA5可减轻胰腺腺泡细胞损伤,还可以逆转雨蛙肽对胰腺腺泡细胞的损伤作用。结论 HSPA5可修复雨蛙肽对胰腺腺泡细胞的损伤,这将为胰腺炎的治疗提供新方向。     

高三酰甘油血症对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究细胞凋亡在高三酰甘油(TG)血症损伤大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞中的作用.方法:断奶1周雄性SD大鼠(约70 g)随机分为两组,每组10只,分别给予高脂饲料和普通饲料喂养4周.检测血清TG和胆固醇(TC)水平.用胶原酶消化法分离大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞,用台盼兰染色测定细胞活力.给予不同浓度胆囊刺激素(CCK-8)刺激胰腺腺泡细胞,透射电镜下观察细胞超微结构变化,用RT-PCR方法检测细胞凋亡相关基因bax和bcl-2 mRNA的表达.结果:饲喂大鼠4周高脂饮食后血清TG较正常饮食组明显升高(P＜0.05).体外培养6 h后,高脂饮食组胰腺腺泡细胞活力低于对照组(P＜0.05).与CCK-8培养后,高脂组细胞发生明显病理损害,可见细胞凋亡和坏死表现.RT-PCR结果表明高脂组细胞与CCK-8共培养后,bax与bcl-2比值明显增高.结论:高TG血症可以加重大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞损伤,凋亡相关基因bax与bcl-2比值增高引起细胞凋亡可能参与其发病过程.     

吡咯列酮对雨蛙肽诱导急性胰腺炎氧化应激过程的作用

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)γ激动剂吡咯列酮在雨蛙肽诱导大鼠急性胰腺炎中对氧化应激产物的影响及保护作用.方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、雨蛙肽+不同剂量吡咯列酮组、雨蛙肽组、雨蛙肽+吡咯列酮+GW9662组.每组6只.急性胰腺炎造模30 min后处死大鼠,光镜下观察胰腺组织病理学变化,测定各组大鼠胰腺组织质量与体重比,比色法检测胰腺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)含量.结果 与对照组比较,雨蛙肽组胰腺组织水肿严重胰腺净重/体重(0.0072比0.0042)],MPO活性、MDA、NOS及iNOS含量升高(P＜0.01).与雨蛙肽组比较,吡咯列酮20 mg/kg及40 mg/kg组胰腺损伤减轻,胰腺净重/体重、MPO活性、MDA和NOS及iNOS含量降低(P＜0.05);与吡咯列酮40 mg/kg组比较,PPARγ拮抗剂GW9662逆转了吡咯列酮的保护作用(P＜0.05).结论 在雨蛙肽诱导的大鼠急性胰腺炎发病中,胰腺腺泡细胞的氧化应激损伤起了重要的作用,PPARγ激动剂吡咯列酮预先干预,通过降低氧化应激过程,对雨蛙肽诱导的大鼠急性胰腺炎有一定的保护作用.     

Cd40 ligand-deficient mice are protected against cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The interactions between inflammatory cells and their mediators play important roles in many inflammatory processes, but their importance during acute experimental pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury is unclear. To address the role of the interaction between CD40 and its ligand CD40L, molecules that mediate major immunoregulatory functions, pancreatitis was induced by administering supramaximal doses of cerulein in mice that do not express CD40L. METHODS: The severity of pancreatitis was measured by serum amylase activity, pancreatic edema, acinar cell necrosis, and pancreas myeloperoxidase activity (an indicator of neutrophil infiltration). Lung injury was quantitated by evaluating lung microvascular permeability and lung myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS: In pancreatic tissue from control mice and cerulein-treated mice, the expression of both CD40 and CD40L was detected. Immunohistochemical analysis performed in isolated acini from wild-type pancreata showed that both CD40 and CD40L were expressed on the acinar cell surface. Interestingly, pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury were markedly decreased in mice deficient in CD40L compared with wild-types. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that CD40L plays an important proinflammatory role in pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury.     

Therapeutic effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on experimental pancreatitis in rat

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is one of the mitogens that facilitate endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of bFGF on experimental pancreatitis in rat. Edematous pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 microg/kg) at hourly intervals. BFGF (70 nmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally after induction of pancreatitis. DNA synthesis of isolated pancreatic acinar cells of normal rats was determined as the uptake of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into the cells. Immunohistochemical staining of DNA synthesis in acinar cells during cerulein-induced pancreatitis was also examined with BrdU labeling in vivo technique. Cerulein administration increased serum amylase, lipase level, and wet weight of pancreatic tissue. Treatment with bFGF markedly ameliorated all these parameters. In primary culture system of isolated pancreatic acinar cells of normal rats, bFGF caused a dose-dependent increase in BrdU incorporation into DNA, showing an EC50 value of 0.8 nmol/L and a maximum response of 2.5-fold increase at a concentration of 400 nmol/L. bFGF treatment (70 nmol/kg) markedly increased BrdU labeling in the nucleus of acinar cells of the pancreatitis rats group in immunohistochemical examination when compared with control without bFGF treatment. Treatment with bFGF may represent a promising therapeutic concept for patients with acute pancreatitis.     

PIAS1基因沉默对胰腺腺泡细胞炎症反应的影响

目的 观察活化信号转导和转录激活因子的蛋白抑制因子-1(PIAS1)基因特异性siRNA干扰大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞株AR42J后对雨蛙素诱导炎症反应的影响,探讨其在胰腺炎发病中的作用.方法 采用脂质体法将靶向PIAS1的siRNA和阴性siRNA转染AR42J细胞,24 h后分别加入雨蛙素继续培养24 h.同时设脂质体+雨蛙素组、雨蛙素组及仅加PBS的对照组.Western blotting检测p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)及磷酸化p38MAPK(P-p38MAPK)表达;RT-PCR及Western blotting检测各组细胞肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 siRNA+雨蛙素组、阴性siRNA+雨蛙素组、脂质体+雨蛙素组、雨蛙素组及对照组细胞p38MAPK表达量分别为1.93±0.11、1.22±0.10、1.30±0.17、1.32±0.21、0.12±0.02;P-p38MAPK表达量分别为2.10±0.25、1.36±0.20、1.26±0.15、1.23±0.25、0.58±0.48,siRNA+雨蛙素组较其余各组明显增加(P值均＜0.05).siRNA+雨蛙素组细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MMP-9 mRNA表达量分别为1.66±0.15、1.66±0.15、1.90±0.01、1.56±0.20;蛋白的表达量分别为2.06±0.37、2.20±0.34、1.80±0.10、1.17±0.05,均较其他雨蛙素处理组表达上调(P值均＜0.05).结论 PIAS1参与雨蛙素诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞p38MAPK活性与下游炎症介质的表达调控.     

The ER Chaperone GRP78 is Associated with the Severity of Cerulein-Induced Pancreatic Inflammation via Regulating Apoptosis of Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Background/Aims: To study the potential role of the 78kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) in vitro. Methodology: AR42J cells were stimulated by cerulein or cerulein plus lipoplysaccharide (LPS). The severity of pancreatic inflammation was evaluated by amylase, lipase, TNF-a, and IL-6. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; the expressions of apoptotic genes, GRP78 and the downstream molecules were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results: After cerulein stimulation, the levels of amylase, lipase, TNF-a and IL-6 were all increased, with a more pronounced increase after cerulein plus LPS stimulation. Apoptosis was different in two cell models, high apoptosis in cerulein group; whereas cerulein plus LPS induced relatively less apoptosis. Apoptotic gene expressions revealed more pronounced increase in the cerulein group than those in cerulein plus LPS group. The expressions of GRP78 and downstream molecules were different in two cell models. GRP78 expression was down-regulated in cerulein group and upregulated in cerulein plus LPS group. Conclusions: GRP78 expression was associated with apoptosis and the severity of cerulein-induced pancreatic inflammation, indicating that GRP78 might prevent apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells thereby deteriorating the severity of AP.     

Stress kinase inhibition modulates acute experimental pancreatitis

AIM: To examine the role of p38 during acute experimental cerulein pancreatitis. METHODS: Rats were treated with cerulein with or without a specific JNK inhibitor (CEP1347) and/or a specific p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and pancreatic stress kinase activity was determined. Parameters to assess pancreatitis included trypsin, amylase, lipase, pancreatic weight and histology. RESULTS: JNK inhibition with CEP1347 ameliorated pancreatitis, reducing pancreatic edema. In contrast, p38 inhibition with SB203580 aggravated pancreatitis with higher trypsin levels and, with induction of acinar necrosis not normally found after cerulein hyperstimulation. Simultaneous treatment with both CEP1347 and SB203580 mutually abolished the effects of either compound on cerulein pancreatitis. CONCLUSION: Stress kinases modulate pancreatitis differentially. JNK seems to promote pancreatitis development, possibly by supporting inflammatory reactions such as edema formation while its inhibition ameliorates pancreatitis. In contrast, p38 may help reduce organ destruction while inhibition of p38 during induction of cerulein pancreatitis leads to the occurrence of acinar necrosis.     

Failure of secretin to prevent or ameliorate cerulein-induced pancreatitis in the rat

Infusion of supramaximal concentrations of the synthetic pancreozymin analog cerulein induces acute edematous pancreatitis in the rat. Vacuolization and necrosis of acinar cells is paralleled by an almost complete reduction of pancreatic secretion from the cannulated duct. Preinfusion or coinfusion of synthetic secretin slightly increases pancreatic volume and protein secretion. This effect is only transient, and is always overcome by the actions of cerulein. Secretin does not prevent or improve the cellular destruction of the acinar cells. The results suggest that secretin has no beneficial effect on hormone-induced pancreatitis.