汉族人载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂,载脂蛋白和脂慢白（a）水平的影响

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术研究我国汉族人群ａｐｏＥ基因型与等位基因频率分布特征，并分析了ａｐｏＥ基因多态性对脂质代谢的影响。发现我国汉族人群ａｐｏＥε３等位基因频率明显高于欧美人群，而ε４频率显著低于欧美人群。     

冠心病家族史青少年载脂蛋白E、B的基因多态性

目的 探讨青少年载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)、apoB基因多态性对冠心病的遗传易感性。方法 应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术，对244名健康汉族大学生(冠心病家族史阳性者109人，阴性者135人)的apoE、apoB XbaI、apoB 3’可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeat ，VNTR)基因型进行分析。结果 阳性组的e4、x^ 、VNTR—B(hypervariable element，HVE＞38)等位基因频率显著高于阴性组(P＜0．05)，且与血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇、aPoBl00水平升高有显著相关(P＜0．05)。结论 apoE的e4、apoB Xba I的x^ 、apoB3’VNTR的VNTR—B可能为冠心病的重要遗传标记。     

北京健康人群载脂蛋白B基因多态性及对血脂水平的影响

用聚合物链反应技术（ＰＣＲ）对北京地区２４６名无关汉族健康个体载脂蛋白Ｂ基因ＸｂａＩ位点限制性片段长度多态性进行测定及其对血清脂质，载脂蛋白水平的关系进行研究，结果表明：北京汉族健康人群以Ｘ－Ｘ－纯合子为主要基因型，占９５．１２％，Ｘ＋Ｘ－杂合型仅占４．８８％，未见Ｘ＋Ｘ＋基因型，经计算符合Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡定律，具有群体代表性；少见的Ｘ＋等位基因频率仅占０．０２４，显著低于欧美白种     

中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

目的 探讨中国人内源性高城油三酯血症（endogenous hypertriglyceridemia,HTG)患者载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E,apoE)基因多态性及其与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性分析方法,分别对225例HTG患者及230名血脂正常者的apoE基因型、空腹血脂及载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ、E进行了分析。结果 HTG患者的体重指数(BMI)` 清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（nHDLC)水平较对照组显著升高,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）则显著降低（P＜0．001）,并伴有载脂蛋白水平的异常。HTG组与对照组apoE基因型及等位基因频率分布均以E3／3和ε3最高,HTG组的ε2等位基因有增高的趋势（P＞0．05）。对照组ε2等位基因携带者血清TG和apoE水平较ε3和ε4等位基因携带者显著升高（P＜0．001）,其低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）水平及apoE/ApoC Ⅲ比值则显著降低（P＜0．001）。结论 ε2等位基因与血清TG和apoE水平升高及LDLC水平降低有关,apoE/apoC Ⅲ比值降低可能与HTG患者血TG水平升高有关。     

载脂蛋白B基因XbaⅠ多态性与新生儿血脂,载脂蛋白水平的关系

为探讨ａｐｏＢ基因ＸｂａⅠ多态性与新生儿、载脂蛋白水平的关系。应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）研究了３１例有冠心病家族史（观察组）、９２例无冠心病家族史（对照组）足月健康新生儿载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）基因ＸｂａⅠ酶切位点的限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）及其与血脂的关系。结果显示：两组间少见的Ｘ＋等位基因频率无显著性差异，但具有Ｘ＋Ｘ－基因型者，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平低于Ｘ－Ｘ－基因型者（Ｐ＜０．０５），观察组与对照组血脂比较，前者ａｐｏＢ水平升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明：Ｘ＋等位基因与血脂改变有关，它是心血管疾病的一个危险因素，具有冠心病家族史及Ｘ＋基因型的新生儿较其它新生儿更易罹患心血管疾病。     

北京地区汉族人载脂蛋白B基因多态性的观察

应用聚合酶链反应研究了１００例北京地区正常汉族人载脂蛋白Ｂ基因４个位点的多态性分布情况。在这一群体中，载脂蛋白Ｂ信号肽序列以Ｉｎｓ等位基因占优势，其频率达０．７６５，而Ｄｅｌ等位基因相对少见（０．２３５）．ＸｂａＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切位点以Ｘ－和Ｅ＋等位基因占绝大多数，其频率分别为０．９７５和０．９６，Ｘ＋和Ｅ－等位基因十分少见，其频率仅为０．０２５和０．０４．对可变数目串联重复序列共检出１０种等位基因（３＇β２９～３＇β４９），其中以３＇β３７等位基因最为常见，其次为３＇β３９等位基因，两者检出率达６８％。结果表明，北京地区汉族人的载脂蛋白Ｂ基因多态性分布与不同种族间存在明显差异，与白种人的差异尤为显著。揭示人类不同种族有其自己的遗传特点。     

载脂蛋白B基因Xba和EcoR酶切位点多态性与冠心病和血脂水平的关联研究

目的　研究 apo B基因 Xba 和 Eco R 酶切位点多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (简称冠心病 )、血脂水平的关联性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应对 70名正常人和 6 7例冠心病患者 apo B基因Xba 和 Eco R 酶切位点的限制性片段长度多态性进行了研究。结果　冠心病组中等位基因 X+和单体型X+ E+频率明显高于正常对照组。冠心病组中 X+ X-基因型者其 HDL- C明显低于 X- X-基因型者 ,等位基因 E+ 与 TG水平增高相关联。结论　 apo B基因 Xba 和 Eco R 酶切位点多态性与冠心病相关联 ,等位基因 X+和单体型 X+ E+可视为冠心病遗传易感性标记     

高脂血症患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂水平分析

目的:分析载脂蛋白E基因多态性和高脂血症患者的血脂水平。方法:应用等位基因特异性多重PCR技术对高脂血症患者和健康对照者载脂蛋白E基因多态性进行分析,并测定所有样本血清载脂蛋白E等血脂指标水平。结果:高脂血症患者总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白E水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,载脂蛋白AI明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05);血浆中载脂蛋白E含量顺序是E2/3>E3/3>E3/4,两两比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);在载脂蛋白E的基因型中以载脂蛋白E3/3型多见;高脂血症患者中载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因频率明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论:载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因与高脂血症有关,载脂蛋白E基因多态性可能是高脂血症患者的遗传因素。     

阿尔茨海默病与载脂蛋白E基因-427C/T多态性的关联研究

目的 探讨上海地区汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)基因启动子区—427C／T多态性与Alzheimer病(Alzheimer's disease，AD)发病风险的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性方法，在104例AD患者和110名正常人中检测了apoE基因—427C／T各基因型及基因频率的分布。按比值比(odds ratio，0R)作疾病关联分析。结果 (1)AD患者与正常对照人群之间不存在—427C／T各等位基因和基因型频率分布的差异(P＞0．05)；(2)按apoE ε4基因分层后，无论是ε4型人群还是非ε4人群都不存在AD患者与正常老人间多态分布的差异(P＞0．05)；(3)在—427C／T 3种基因型中，仅T／T型AD与apoE ε4等位基因呈正关联(OR＝3．94，95％CI：2．206—7．038，x^2＝21．48，P＜0．05)。结论 上海地区汉族人群中，apo E基因—427C／T多态不是AD的疾病易感因子。     

载脂蛋白E不同基因型胆囊结石患者的血脂水平分析

为了解载脂蛋白Ｅ不同基因型胆囊结石患者的血脂水平，应用ＰＣＲ技术研究了８７例胆囊结石患者和５０例正常人的ＡｐｏＥ基因型，另测定参加者空腹血脂。结果发现：Ｅ２／３基因型的胆囊结石患者血清ＴＧ、ＶＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平显著升高，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平显著降低。Ｅ３／３基因型胆囊结石患者ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ水平显著下降。Ｅ３／４基因型胆囊结石患者ＶＬＤＬ－Ｃ轻度降低，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ轻度升高。结果提示：同一ＡｐｏＥ基因型胆囊结石患者血脂异常较正常人突出，不同基因型的胆囊结石患者血脂异常的特征各不相同。为研究胆囊结石病发病机理提供了资料。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者载脂蛋白(a)五核苷酸重复序列基因多态性的初步研究

目的　探讨载脂蛋白 (a) [apolipoprotein(a) ,apo(a) ]五核苷酸重复序列 (pentanucleotiderepeats,PNR)基因多态性与中国汉族人冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (简称冠心病 )发病的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和硝酸银染色 ,对 15 3名中国汉族正常人和 16 5例冠心病患者apo(a) PNR基因多态性进行了分析。结果　冠心病组 apo(a) PNR(TTTTA) 5/8基因型频率 (0 .188)和(TTTTA) 5等位基因频率 (0 .115 )显著高于正常对照组 (0 .0 39,0 .0 2 6 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　apo(a) PNR基因多态性与人群易患冠心病有关 ,可能在一定程度上参与了冠心病的发生和发展过程。     

1p13.3 rs599839单核苷酸多态性与早发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关联研究

目的 探讨中国汉族人群染色体1p13.3 rs599839基因多态性与早发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称早发冠心病)的相关性.方法 用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术分析303例经冠状动脉冠脉造影确诊的早发冠心病患者rs599839基因多态性,以同期冠脉造影阴性、排除冠心病诊断的312名受试者为财照组,比较两组间rs599839基因多态性频率分布差异.结果 早发冠心病组与对照组中均检出AA、AG基因型,GG基因型末检出.G等佗基因频率在早发冠心病组和对照组中分别为5.0%、9.1%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004),使用Logistic回归分析排除吸烟、高血压、糖尿病等因素的影响后,两组G等位基因频率差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组中G等位幕因携带者(AG型)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)水平均低于AA纯合子.结论 中国汉族人群染色体1p13.3 rs599839基因多态性可能与早发冠心病发病相关;rs599839基因多态性可能与血清LDL-C浓度差异相关;rs599839基因多态性与冠脉狭窄程度无关.     

汉族人群载脂蛋白CII基因二核苷酸串联重复序列(TG)n(AG)m及(AG)m多态性

采用套式聚合酶链反应结合变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染技术，并构建载脂蛋白CII（ApoCII)基因二核苷酸串联重复序列（TG）n(AG)m及（AG）m序列等位基因梯阶标准；检测正常汉族人群基因型和等位基因频率分布，检出36种（TG）n(AG)m序列基因型、12种等位基因。等位基因为17、18、26－35，其频率分别为0．061、0．011、0．002、0．002、0．054、0．255、0．372、0．084、0．026、0．039、0．052、0．041。检出7种（AG）m序列基因型、4种等位基因。等位基因为6、7、8、9，其频率分别为0．002、0．152、0．812、0．034。与欧洲白种人比较，ApoCII基因二核苷酸串联重复序列（TG）n(AG)m及（AG）m序列等位基因频率分布均具有明显的种族差异性（P＜0．01，P＜0．01）。     

冠心病患者apoE基因调控序列-219(G/T)多态性及与血脂的关系

为了研究载脂蛋白E(apoE）基因调控序列－219（G／T）多态性与人类冠心病（CHD）及其血脂水平的关系，本文采用聚合酶链反应结合了限制性片段长度多态性方法。分析了108例健康人及86例冠心病患者的－219（G／T）基因型。PCR产物直接测序验下。我们发现冠心病组apoE－219（T／T）基因型频率（0．651）和T等位基因频率（0．767）分别显著高于对照组（0．444，0．653，P＜0．05）；冠心病组和对照组T／T基因型者血清总胆固醇高于G／G基因型者。这一结果提示apoE调控区基因多态性可能影响冠心病的发生。推测apoE－219（T／T）基因型是冠心病的危险因子之一。     

Lack of association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with plasma Lp(a) levels in the Chinese

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and its influence on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and apolipoproteins was studied in 536 (270 males and 266 females) healthy Chinese in Singapore. From analysis of variance with age and BMI as covariates, apoE genotype was found to exert a significant influence on plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoB in females. Its effect in males was marginally significant only on LDL-C. In both sexes, plasma TC, LDL-C and apoB were lower in those who were E2-3 than in those who were E3-3. There was no significant difference in log-transformed Lp(a) level between the apoE genotypes after adjusting for the confounding effect of LDL-C in addition to age and BMI. The percentage variance (R2times100) of the lipid traits explained by apoE polymorphism in the females was 4.94% for plasma TC, 5.85% for LDL-C and 4.25% for apoB. We conclude that: 1) ε2 allele had a lowering effect on plasma TC, LDL-C and apoB; 2) apoE polymorphism did not have any significant influence on Lp(a) concentration; and 3) the effect of apoE polymorphism on plasma TC, LDL-C and apoB was gender-specific, with a stronger influence in females than in males.     

Type III hyperlipoproteinema with apolipoprotein E2/2 genotype in Japan

Limited information is available concerning type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) in the Asian population. Therefore, clinical and biochemical characteristics of type III HLP were examined in 16 Japanese patients. Mean plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (chol) levels were 381 mg/dl and 253 mg/dl, respectively, and the mean very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-chol/plasma TG ratio was 0.27, which were lower than those reported in Western countries. Eighty percent of the patients had high plasma remnant-like particles (RLP)-chol levels above 50 mg/dl and a high RLP-chol/plasma TG ratio above 0.1. Twelve patients (75.0%) were obese. Seven patients (43.8%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus and four patients (25.0%) had impaired glucose tolerance. Six patients (37.5%) had coronary heart disease (CHD), but none had peripheral vascular disease or xanthomas. TG-rich lipoproteins from type III HLP patients with diabetes mellitus stimulated cholesteryl ester synthesis by human macrophages significantly (p < 0.001) more than those from type III HLP patients without diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the Japanese type III HLP patients had lower plasma TG and total chol levels and a lower VLDL-chol/plasma TG ratio, but CHD was more common. The patients were characterized by a high frequency of obesity and/or glucose intolerance. The TG-rich lipoproteins from type III HLP patients with diabetes mellitus were more atherogenic.     

Apolipoproteins B and E, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) genetic polymorphisms in Italian women with coronary artery disease (CAD) and their relationships with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels

The Xba I, Eco RI and the signal peptide insertion/deletion ( I/D ) polymorphic sites of APOB gene, the Cfo I polymorphic site of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), and the insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene were studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 55 postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 119 control women of equivalent age. Patients and controls were recruited from the population of Rome, considered representative of Central and Southern Italy. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies between the two groups, though APOB X-, R- and I, APOE*3 , and ACE D alleles were slightly more frequent in the cases than in the controls. The patients did not differ from the controls for plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apoAI values, while they presented significantly higher levels of triglycerides and apoB, and lower apoE levels. TC, apoE, and apoB quantitative values, adjusted for age, varied significantly among APOB Xba I and APOE genotypes. APOB X-X-genotype was associated in patients with a significantly lower mean TC concentration than the other two genotypes pooled together. APOE 3–2 genotype in the controls had significantly lower TC levels with respect to the other two pooled genotypic classes and higher apoE levels compared to 3–3 and 4–3 genotypes. In the patients, 3–2 genotype had significantly lower apoB levels than the pooled 3–3 and 4–3 class. We conclude that in the Italian women the DNA polymorphisms studied in this work do not seem to be important risk factors for CAD occurrence; that apoE quantitation could be another useful parameter to identify subjects at risk of CAD; and that APOB X -and APOE*2 are the alleles that most influence the interindividual plasma lipid variation among CAD female patients.