深圳市宝安区适龄人群无偿献血认知情况及影响因素调查分析

目的了解本地区适龄人群对无偿献血相关问题知晓情况及参与献血的意向,为开展无偿献血宣传招募新模式,制定新策略提供科学依据。方法 2015年10月-2016年8月自行设计调查问卷,采用随机、自愿、匿名方式对360名本区居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括献血知识、获取路径、献血态度与行为等,利用epidata 3.1进行数据录入,SPSS 20.0进行数据分析。结果本调查共发出问卷360份,回收有效问卷234份,回收率65%,其中有献血经历者102份,无献血经历者132份。现场问卷调查显示有献血经历人群的大部分献血知识知晓率显著高于无献血经历群体(P0.05),特别在无偿献血优惠政策方面,2组人群的正答率差距更大(80.40%vs.50.0%)。在献血知识获得途径方面,居民更愿意学习更多知识的途径是电视和手机微信(均占20.55%),效果最差的末2项是报刊杂志及场地广告(2.47%、2.74%);而无献血经历人群最希望了解的献血知识则为血液生理知识(占25.55%)。在献血态度方面,有献血经历者的献血目的主要为奉献爱心帮助他人(占32.56%)、献血有益身体健康(占18.99%);而无献血经历不愿意参加献血主要原因为工作忙(16.75%)、献血地点不便利(9.57%)、献血会传染疾病(9.57%),而因媒体负面报道这一拒绝献血因素比例则最低(2.39%)。结论本血站在献血知识、政策宣传途径方面需要改进,加大血液生理知识内容宣传;调整血站采血地点及采血时间的设置,建立稳定有效献血宣传招募机制。     

济南市大学生无偿献血知识、态度、行为及相关因素分析

目的了解大学生无偿献血知识、态度、行为及相关影响因素,为建立大学生无偿献血长效机制提供参考。方法设计调查问卷,从济南市10所高校随机抽取2 200名大学生进行现况调查。结果获得有效调查问卷2087份,有效率为94. 86%。无偿献血知识总体知晓率为69. 20%; 80. 88%的大学生有献血意愿;无偿献血率为50. 22%;献血的主要动机是人道主义救助(81. 87%)。男生献血率高于女生(54. 21%vs 46. 38%,P0. 05);医学专业学生高于非医学专业(61. 29%vs 41. 62%,P0. 05)。家人的支持态度和献血行为是促进大学生献血的积极因素。大学生献血意愿和行为与认知水平正相关,献血率由低认知组的36. 66%上升到高认知组的62. 80%(P0. 05)。结论济南市大学生对无偿献血的认知、态度及行为情况较好,改进宣教模式,提高大学生认知水平,有利于无偿献血工作的可持续发展。     

保山市无偿献血相关知信行调查

目的为进一步了解保山市无偿献血的现状,为今后无偿献血的宣传、教育、动员和招募策略提供参考。方法按照知信行(KAP)的理论设计问卷调查表,向受调查人群随机发放调查问卷600份,对被调查者的一般情况、对无偿献血知识、危险行为、无偿献血的态度、参与无偿献血的动机等进行分析比较。结果在受调查人群的3个年龄段中,18-30岁年龄段占59.5%,31-45岁年龄段的献血率明显高于其他2个年龄段(P0.05);性别方面,男女献血率没有明显差别(P0.05);在职业方面,以工人(其中大部分是企业的农民工)、农民、民工、事业人员和学生为主,占83%;人群的学历分布以高中以下学历为主,占75%。知晓率最高为82.5%,最低为64.9%;献血者和未献血者对无偿献血常识知晓的比较有统计学意义(P0.05);在献血知识获取渠道方面,以朋友介绍和血站宣传为主(68.2%);在关于血液安全和危险行为方面,知晓率均在90%以上,献血者和未献血者没有统计学意义(P0.05);献血动机以帮助别人(51.4%)和有益健康(37.1%)为主;在对待献血的态度方面,占73.6%的受访者愿意1年至少献1次血;不愿献血的原因以没时间(34.5%)、身体不适合献血(20.7%)、怕痛(18.4%)为主。结论只有制定针对不同人群的宣传、动员、招募策略,同时不断改进服务,才能使更多人献血。     

影响株洲市居民再次献血的因素分析

目的探讨株洲市居民再次无偿献血的现状以及相关的认知、态度等影响因素,以推动无偿献血工作健康、稳定、持续发展。方法采用自行设计的问卷调查表,于2009年5～9月随机抽取株洲市1 050名自愿无偿献血者作为研究样本,对其一般人口学特征、献血经历、献血动机、对无偿献血相关知识的认知、对献血行为的态度、获取献血知识的信息来源等方面进行问卷调查。调查资料采用SPSS-13.0软件进行统计分析。结果按设计,本次研究共抽取1 050名自愿献血者作为样本进行了问卷调查,获取了1 001人(95.33%)的有效问卷。在1 001名有效调查对象中,初次献血者有528人(52.7%),再次献血者有473人(47.3%)。再次献血者中以男性、18～30岁年龄段、高中以上文化程度、学生和大中型企业公司职员以及军人所占比例较初次献血者高,再次献血者对无偿献血的相关知识掌握较好。不论是初次献血者还是再次献血者,获取无偿献血的信息的主要来源都是广播电视、血站工作人员和宣传资料,参加自愿献血的主要动机都是奉献爱心。logistic回归分析表明,性别、年龄、文化程度是影响献血者再次献血的主要因素,再次献血者的年龄以18～30岁年龄段为主,性别分布中男性再次献血显著高于女性,文化程度对再次献血有显著影响,高中以上者再次献血比例较高。结论发展农村献血者应是今后工作的重点。     

影响公民自愿无偿献血的因素调查分析

目的了解影响公民无偿献血的各种因素以及公民决定献血的重点因素,以制定有针对性的招募策略。方法依照知、信、行(KAP)理论设计调查表,对成都市2385名献血与未献血的公民做现场问卷调查,通过对其无偿献血的知识、态度、行为的研究来做相关分析。结果①对无偿献血的认知:成都地区公民对我国实行无偿献血制度的知晓率较高(87.5%),但对无偿献血常识和危险行为方式总的知晓率较低(分别为29.4%、32.5%),其中献血者(1349名)对无偿献血常识和危险行为方式总的知晓率(分别为33.4%、38.1%)均高于未献血者(1036名)(分别为24.2%、25.1%)(P<0.05);文化程度越低,对献血常识和危险行为的知晓率越低,职业分布以医生的知晓率最高,农民的最低。②了解渠道:献血者通过人际传播的渠道了解的比例高于未献血者(P<0.05)。③献血动机:未献血者、初次献血者和重复献血者愿意献血的主要原因是“献爱心”,但献血动机比较多样,街头献血的行为受各种环境因素的影响;“人道主义”、“同伴招募”和“健康检查”是促使公民初次献血的因素,而影响初次献血的重点因素是“便利和勇气”;再次献血的公民主要是“献爱心、没什么特别原因和享受用血优惠”。④关注信息:未献血者如果打算献血,最希望了解的依次为“献血后是否影响身体”、“是否会感染疾病”、“血液相关知识”、“相关疾病知识”、“献血后优惠”、“献血时间地点”和“其他“。⑤对待献血的态度和行为:认为献血不影响身体的公民占73.5%,献血者(76.3%)的比例高于未献血者(70%)(P<0.05);献血者愿意继续献血的占93.3%,重复献血者(97.1%)高于初次献血者(91.1%)(P<0.05);77.3%的献血者表示“如有危险行为时选择放弃献血”。结论动机、认知、态度、个性及职业与文化程度等自身因素,献血法律法规、献血宣传方式、献血服务过程等环境因素亦都会影响公民献血。献血者招募的策略,首先应研究不同人群对献血不同的需求,采取针对性的措施,促使公民献血;其次,应为献血者提供安全、舒适和方便的服务。     

承德市农村居民无偿献血现状调查

目的 了解本市农村居民对无偿献血的知识、态度和行为.方法 使用调查问卷形式,共调查1 110份.结果 本市农村居民对献血知识知晓率为58.4％,血站的主动宣传是主要途径,有69.2％的人在接受宣传后有献血意愿,82.9％的人支持家人献血.结论 需进一步加强献血宣传与教育.     

绍兴市街头献血人群献血认知和服务需求调查分析

目的了解绍兴市街头无偿献血人群献血认知及服务需求,为固定无偿献血队伍的建立及持续改进献血工作提供依据。方法采用邮寄问卷的方法对2005年1-10月绍兴市街头无偿献血者进行问卷调查。结果街头无偿献血人群中无偿献血知识知晓率为78.5%;献血者对血站服务满意率96.9%;重复献血率为49.2%;愿意加入固定献血队伍和下次愿意献血400 ml的分别为85.0%和78.8%;当前服务需求依次为微笑和鼓励、熟练的操作技术、讲解献血小常识等;潜在服务需求依次为提供一些卫生保健指导及服务措施、献血后能尽快知道化验结果等。结论献血者的满意度、献血动机和对无偿献血知晓程度直接影响到血站固定无偿献血队伍的建立和发展,有必要采取多种措施,提高服务质量,满足献血者当前及潜在的服务需求,促使无偿献血工作模式从街头自愿献血向固定献血队伍模式发展。     

洛阳地区2798份无偿献血影响因素调查问卷统计分析

目的探讨洛阳地区人群无偿献血行为的相关影响因素,为促进本地区无偿献血工作持续发展提供理论依据。方法采用知信行(KAP)模式理论设计问卷调查表,选取2014年1月-2015年12月4个市区采血屋、6个县区采血屋为调查地点,随机向被调查者发放问卷调查表,发放问卷3 200份,回收有效问卷2 798份,对被调查者的一般情况、献血认知和态度、献血动机和行为进行统计分析。结果 2 798份被调查者中献血者1 472份、未献血者1 326份;两者比较,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业P值均0.05;献血者中男性比例58.91%高于女性41.09%;25-34周岁年龄段参与献血最多为32.40%;职业划分,农民占比例最高为30.43%;被调查者相关知识的知晓率最高是71.77%,献血者和未献血者比较P0.05差异有统计学意义;在了解献血知识的来源途径方面,以街头献血屋和献血车为最高占56.83%;献血者献血动机以奉献爱心比例最高占70.99%;献血者对专业技能的满意率最高为87.64%;愿意再次参加献血的比例为86.14%;首选到固定采血点献血的比例为66.24%;48.85%的献血者献血目的是奉献爱心不需要回报。结论针对不同人群制定多样化的宣传策略,多渠道全方位的加大宣传力度,提高广大人群对无偿献血知识的知晓率,创建更安全、卫生、温馨的献血场所,营造良好的献血氛围,吸引更多的人群加入到无偿献血队伍中来。     

南昌市大学生无偿献血认知与意愿调查分析

目的了解南昌市在校大学生无偿献血认知情况与献血意愿,探讨其影响因素,为扩大和稳定大学生献血队伍提供科学依据和指导。方法采用多级分层抽样方法,对南昌市5所大学1045名大学生进行无偿献血认知与意愿调查。结果南昌市在校大学生的无偿献血率为20.86%,其中男生献血率为27.47%,女生献血率为15.54%,二者差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。大学生对无偿献血相关知识与政策的平均知晓率为66.22%,其中献血者的知晓率为71.97%,未献血者的知晓率为64.70%,二者差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。奉献爱心、社会责任、献血有益健康是大学生参加无偿献血的前三大原因。担心传染疾病、怀疑血站非法卖血牟利、身体条件不符合献血要求成为大学生未献血的前三大原因。80%未献血的大学生表示"若符合献血条件愿意参加无偿献血"。93.36%的大学生选择物质或非物质性答谢,其中选择物质答谢者占58.79%,仅6.64%的大学生选择无需任何物质鼓励或答谢。结论南昌市在校大学生的无偿献血认知水平有较大提高,但认知不平衡、献血率较低。采供血机构应加大宣传力度,重点解疑答惑、消除大学生的误解和顾虑,给予适当激励措施。     

南京市大学生无偿献血现状及宣传干预手段调查研究

目的对南京市大学生无偿献血的现状及其影响因素进行调查分析,在此基础上研究多元化宣传干预手段对无偿献血大学生献血意愿和相关知识知晓率的影响。方法采用问卷调查的形式分2阶段进行,第一阶段以班级为单位,随机抽取南京市10所高校的1 000名大学生作为研究对象,对无偿献血的基本情况进行调查,将调查结果进行统计分析;第二阶段针对第一阶段中大二、大三班级进行多元化宣传干预(网络宣传、专家讲座、宣传册、已献血者现身说法等),比较干预前后献血意愿和相关知识知晓率。结果南京市无偿献血大学生中,男生的献血率(29%)高于女生、大三的献血率(37%)高于其他年级、医学生的献血率(28%)高于其他专业,具有统计学差异;无私奉献、回报社会(27.4%)是主要的献血原因;害怕感染疾病、损害健康(26.3%)是主要的未献血原因;网络信息(20.9%)是主要的获取信息途径;干预后研究对象献血知识知晓率、献血意愿百分比均明显高于干预前(P0.01)。结论应加大高校无偿献血的宣传力度,采取多元化宣传干预措施能有效提高无偿献血知识知晓率和献血意愿,有利于无偿献血工作在大学生群体中的可持续发展。     

Knowledge, attitude and practice study about blood donation in the urban population of Yazd, Iran, 2004

The most important aim of all blood transfusion centres is to recruit blood donors from low-risk groups of society to donate blood voluntarily and regularly to have a safe and continuous blood supply. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding blood donation in the city of Yazd, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 1394 cases aged between 20 and 60 years were selected by clustering sampling method and asked to fill a specially formatted questionnaire. Data were analysed by analysis of variance, Sheffe test and t-test. Less than half of the population under study was aware about the appropriate age for blood donation and certain deferral criteria. Only 98% of them believed that blood donation is a moral duty with a spiritual reward and 38% of the population under study (60% of men and 16% of women) had donated blood at least once in the past. There was a direct relationship between knowledge and performance (P= 0.000). Women and young people had the least levels of knowledge and performance. Although the attitude level of women was high, their performance level was very low. Increase in the level of knowledge of women and young should be the topmost priority. Barriers to donation of blood by women who comprise half of the population should be studied and evaluated, and steps must be taken to remove or decrease them as far as possible. Advertisements should be with the aim of increasing the level of awareness of the general population regarding specific factors of blood donation and keeping fresh the idea of regular voluntary blood donations in their minds.     

Knowledge,attitude and practice of blood donation and the role of religious beliefs among health sciences undergraduate students

There is a consensus on the importance of education of the population for blood donation. Considering that health sciences undergraduate students will play an important role of opinion makers in their social/professional networks in the future, the present study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of the blood donation and religious beliefs among students of a public Brazilian university. All students enrolled in courses of Ribeirão Preto Medical School in 2019 were invited (N = 550). The questionnaire was composed by sociodemographic and behavioral variables, an instrument regarding blood donation attitude and practice, the Blood Donation Knowledge Questionnaire (BDKQ-Brazil) and the Duke University Religious Index (DUREL). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate sex- and age-adjusted odds ratios for the relations between sociodemographic/behavioral characteristics and blood donation practice. The association between the responses to the BDKQ-Brazil and blood donation practice was performed using Fisher's Exact Test. Three hundred and forty students were included (81.5% females). Blood donation has been a common practice for part of the students, who have almost entirely shown a positive attitude towards donation and a high rate of self-efficacy regarding their practice. However, less than expected knowledge was observed. Regarding religious beliefs, lower scores of non-organizational and intrinsic religiosity were detected among those male students who never donated blood. Our results suggest the need to develop educational activities for students aiming, in addition to their awareness of the practice of donation, the spread of information regarding blood donation in the future.     

两种血费报销方式对无偿献血招募工作的影响分析

目的通过分析咸阳市中心血站在医院开展血费直接报销工作后的献血招募情况,探讨医院直报血费对献血招募工作的影响。方法调查在医院直报血费和到市血站报销血费的献血者或代报销者,比较2种血费报销方式的便捷度、对报销者献血积极性的影响和知晓医院直报血费对献血招募的影响。结果在医院直报血费人均花费22 min,无往返路程和交通费用,报销方式满意率、自愿长期献血率、自愿动员他人献血率分别为98.11%、91.89%、82.56%,均高于到血站报销血费的方式(P<0.01);对知晓医院直报血费的献血者进一步调查统计,其中献血2~3次者、献血3次以上者、报销方式满意率、自愿长期献血率、自愿动员他人献血率分别为35.16%、38.90%、98.56%、94.24%、93.37%,均高于不知晓在医院直报血费者(P<0.05)。结论医院直报血费的报销方式不仅提高了血费报销的便捷度和效率,更通过报销方式满意度的提高增加了献血者参与无偿献血的积极性,对献血招募工作具有良好的促进作用。     

Knowledge,attitude, and practice towards blood donation among health care providers in hospitals at Bahir Dar City,Ethiopia

Like other sub-Saharan Africa, in Ethiopia there is a shortage of adequate and safe blood supplies. Health care providers are potential resource and promoter of voluntary blood donation. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation among health care providers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. Paper based questionnaire was distributed to 276 health care providers from May 01 to June 30, 2016. Overall, 42.8% had donated blood at least once. Of these, males accounted for 60%. The median age of blood donors was 26 years. Voluntary-unpaid donation was 21.2%. Overall, 75.5% health care providers were knowledgeable. The levels of knowledge were significantly different among different disciplines (One-way ANOVA; F = 69.7; P = 0.004). Males were more knowledgeable than females (P < 0.05). The overall favorable attitude was 78.6%. Previous practice of blood donation determined the odds of favorable attitude to be a future regular voluntary-unpaid blood donor (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 3.2–10.4). Majority of health care providers had adequate knowledge and favorable attitude. However, voluntary-unpaid donation practice (21.1%) was lower compared to 100% target of voluntary-unpaid donation. There should be motivation packages to enhance voluntary-unpaid blood donation among health care professionals.     

Attitudes towards blood donation in Trinidad and Tobago

summary .  The aims of this study were to determine the factors that influence blood donation in different demographic groups in a multi-ethnic, multicultural community, and to devise a strategy for a national campaign to increase voluntary non-remunerated blood donations.
The majority (87%) of blood donations in Trinidad and Tobago are replacement donations. Seventy per cent of the country's transfusion needs are not met. In 1998, the World Health Assembly recommended that reliance on replacement donations should be phased out due to their association with an increased risk of transfusion-transmitted infections.
An observer-administered questionnaire was completed by 1423 respondents in a multi-ethnic borough in central Trinidad. Respondents were classified as donors or non-donors and grouped by age, race, religion, employment status and highest level of education. The prevalence of a history of blood donation and the factors that encouraged donation or conversely discouraged donation in each demographic group were recorded.
A total of 1146 (81·2%) respondents had never donated blood. Of the 277 (18·8%) who had previously donated, replacement for a family member or friend was the most common reason (86·9%). The prevalence of donation was low in all racial, religious, gender, educational and age groups. However, there were significant demographic variations. The majority (71·3%) of non-donors cited a lack of information as a major reason for non-donation and expressed a willingness to donate if access to information and donation facilities were improved.
Voluntary blood donation in Trinidad and Tobago could be greatly increased by a national education campaign and increased accessibility to donation centres. This would ensure a safer and more reliable blood supply.     

无偿献血者献血前梅毒螺旋体抗体快速检测结果分析及策略优化

目的回顾性分析无偿献血者献血前梅毒螺旋体(TP)快速检测的结果,优化献血前筛查策略。方法献血前采用TP金标试纸条对献血者进行快速检测,献血后采用TP-酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法对血液进行检测。比较开展TP快速检测前、后血液TP阳性报废率。对TP快速检测阳性献血者的献血次数、献血间隔时间以及假性结果等内容进行分析。结果2014-2015年献血前TP快速检测73 990例,阳性529例,阳性率为0.71%,其中初次献血者阳性472例,占89.2%,献血间隔时间超过3年者阳性35例,占重复献血者阳性的61.4%。TP快速检测假阳性5例,假阴性15例。开展TP快速检测后,献血者血液检测抗TP阳性报废率由0.71%下降至0.17%。结论开展献血前TP快速检测能有效降低血液TP阳性报废率;结合献血者献血次数、献血间隔时间,优化献血前筛查策略,能提升献血服务效率及水平。     

湖北省武汉市居民无偿献血现状及思考

目的通过对湖北省武汉市无偿献血现况及影响因素的调查，为提出品牌营销策略提供基础。方法于2007年6～7月对武汉市部分地区1435名不同人群进行现场问卷调查。结果回收有效问卷1423份。在1423名被调查者中有372名参加过献血，占26．4％。愿意参加献血的1177人中，有539人（45．8％）认为参加无偿献血是帮助患者，是有益社会的高尚行为；而参加过献血的372人中，有180人（48．4％）认为捐献血液救助他人值得去做。结论无偿献血的宣教力度仍应增强，以吸引更多的人参加无偿献血；对再次献血者也应有更多鼓励，以提高他们对献血的忠诚度。