基层卫生监督机构综合执法模式的探索

<正>随着国家卫生监督体制的深化改革和食品卫生监督职能的划转,基层卫生监督机构的卫生监督工作一度走向了被传统食品卫生监督执法模式所束缚的瓶颈。面对略显劣势的卫生监督执法领域和行政执法职能,张店区卫生局卫生监督所在医疗机构、学校卫生和公共场所等卫生监督执法领域积极探索出了新型执法模式,即综合执法[1～4],并取得了良好的效果。1综合执法模式的概念综合执法模式是指以努力实现卫生监督从传统业务型向法制型、综合型转变,着力提高卫生综合执法监督能力和水平为目标,     

加强综合执法在城市卫生监督中的作用初探

通过采取综合卫生执法措施的前后对比，探讨加强综合执法在城市卫生监督中的作用。在采取综合卫生执法措施前，经过全市巡回检查发现卫生监督工作缺乏统一协调，处于条块分割、各自为政的局面；监督执法体系散乱，执法力度、执法水平参差不齐；监督人员的思想水平、业务素质不一；执法频率低等问题。采取综合卫生执法扫施后取得了较好的社会效益，城市卫生质量得以明显改观。认为综合执法对加强城市卫生监督工作和提高城市卫生质量有明显的促进作用。     

卫生监督综合执法运行保障机制探讨

卫生监督的综合执法是卫生监督体系改革完成后，国家提出的又一项执法运行机制改革的重要举措，是继执法与服务分离之后倡导构建科学、高效和务实的新型执法管理模式。推行综合执法模式的改革对贯彻以人为本、维护行政相对人权益、节约执法人力资源、降低执法成本、提高执法效率和保障卫生监督事业可持续发展，树立卫生监督执法良好形象都具有十分重要的意义。     

基层卫生监督存在的问题及建议

文章从卫生法律法规不完善、卫生监督执法体制问题、政府对卫生监督工作的重视不够、卫生监督队伍素质不高等方面分析了当前基层卫生监督存在的主要问题。同时提出建议：①加强卫生立法,完善卫生法律法规体系;①改革卫生监督执法体制,实行卫生计生综合执法;③积极争取政府的重视和支持;④加强卫生监督队伍建设,提升卫生监督能力。     

关于卫生监督综合执法的探讨

卫生监督机构作为卫生行政部门依法行使卫生监督职责的执行机构,具体承担着7法、28个条例和400多个部门规章的监督执法任务.卫生监督机构承担着如此庞大的法律、法规和规章的监督执法任务,应实行综合执法,综合执法是卫生监督体制改革的重要目标之一,是指按照行政法治原则和卫生监督的技术性特点,将国家卫生法律、法规和规章赋予卫生行政部门的各项执法职责（包括对社会公共卫生,健康相关产品和场所、医疗卫生机构、采供血机构及卫生专业人员、卫生专业技术和其他从事与健康相关活动的主体实行许可、准入.     

浅析加强铁路卫生监督员综合执法能力建设的必要性

随着社会的发展进步，对卫生监督执法工作提出了更高要求，卫生监督机构和卫生监督员必须面对严峻形势，培养理论知识全面、业务素质高、综合执法能力强的卫生综合执法队伍，铁路加强卫生监督员综合执法能力建设尤为必要。     

卫生监督综合执法工作中的思考

卫生监督综合执法是卫生监督体制改革的重要原则之一，是目前解决卫生监督力量不足的有效办法，可以说卫生监督体制改革的主要目的是加强依法行政、突出综合执法。综合执法的最大特点在于改变过去的“多人一法”为“一人多法”，改变过去的“以条为主”为“以块为主”，可以明显提高执法的效能，有效缓解卫生监督人员不足的现状，杜绝重复执法、交叉执法现象，利于落实执法责任制。     

卫生监督实施“专业卫生综合执法”的实践与探讨

随着国家卫生法规的不断颁布和实施，公共卫生工作已逐渐步入法制化建设的轨道。在实际工作中，怎样充分利用现有卫生资源，发挥组织效应，提高卫生监督执法的整体水平，是卫生监督部门普遍关注和正在积极探讨的一个重大课题，淄博市卫生防疫站，在参照各地实行“综合卫生执法”的基础上，自1994年以来尝试“专业综合卫生执法”管理模式，并取得了明显的统效。在这里，笔者就淄博市卫生防疫站实施“专业卫生综合执法”的实践，作肤浅的探讨。巨“专业卫生综合执法”的含义所谓“专业卫生综合执法”，是指按专业的特点，在突出专业的基础上，…     

北京市海淀区卫生局卫生监督所卫生监督体系建设研究

目的探索基层卫生监督执法机制,提高执法效率与水平。方法系统分析北京市海淀区卫生局卫生监督所在实践中的专业执法与综合执法相结合的基层卫生监督执法机制。结果与结论在实际运行中取得了良好效果,节约了执法成本,方便了百姓,提高了执法效率,赢得了人民的认可。但是也面临一些问题,基层综合执法对监督员素质要求高,各监督站规范化程度低等,建议在今后的监督工作中进一步完善基层卫生监督执法机制,推进卫生监督机构的规范化建设。     

实行卫生综合执法后投诉举报情况分析

<正>杭州市卫生监督所是2000年5月成立的卫生监督执法机构,按照市卫生行政部门的委托承担10项卫生监督综合执法职能。本文对建所1年来受理的329起卫生投诉举报的投诉方式、投诉内容及处理情况进行分析,以便今后更好地开展综合执法工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.