香菇多糖治疗肺癌的临床与实验研究

用病例配对法对化疗和化疗加香菇多糖治疗反应进行检测。结果表明香菇多糖对机体的一般状况（KPS法）、大颗粒淋巴细胞（LGL）比率、单细胞比率（M）、T细胞亚群中的CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8均有一定的升高作用。说明香菇多糖（Lentinan）作为一种生物反应调节剂，能促进免疫功能活性细胞增加，对患者化疗后免疫功能具有调节保护作用。     

单香菇多糖注射液对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤化疗疗效和免疫功能的 …

目的 研究单香菇多糖注射液与化疗合用对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤（ＧＴＮ）的疗效和免疫指标的影响。方法 随机将３６例ＧＴＮ分成两组，分别为化疗组（Ａ）和化疗＋单香菇多糖组（Ｂ）各１８例，观察化疗疗效，毒副反应和外周血Ｔ４／Ｔ８细胞比值和ＮＫ细胞活性的变化。结果 两组临床特征，化疗疗效和Ｔ４／Ｔ８比值差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５），但Ｂ组治疗后ＮＫ细胞活性增高显著高于Ａ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），未观察到严重的毒副作用     

香菇多糖对恶性血液病患者免疫功能的初步临床观察

随机将６２例恶性血液病患者分为两组，一组应用香菇多糖配合化学治疗（４２例）；另一组单纯应用化疗（２０例）。进行对比观察两组患者细胞免疫功能变化及临床治疗效果。结果：香菇多糖治疗后ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８及ＮＫ细胞活性明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＣＤ８、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原活性降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；并且临床有效率及患者红细胞、白细胞亦高于化疗组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。观察用香菇多糖的患者仅有个别出现轻微副反应，通过研究证明香菇多糖能提高恶性血液病免疫功能及化疗效果     

香菇多糖对中晚期肿瘤患者围手术期的免疫调节作用

香菇多糖对中晚期肿瘤患者围手术期的免疫调节作用四川省肿瘤医院（成都市６１００４１）彭俊平冯燮林徐琳刘光中谢之荣黄建鸣香菇多糖是从香菇子实体中提取、纯化的葡聚糖，可显著增加自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）活性和淋巴因子激活杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ）的产生，具有免疫调节作用...     

香菇多糖治疗胃癌的初步临床报告

香菇多糖治疗胃癌的初步临床报告河南医科大学一附院肿瘤科吴孔明香菇多糖，又称能治难（Ｌｅｎｔｉｎａｎ），是日本味Ｏ素公司从香菇中提取的水溶性６（１—３）葡聚糖，它能活化Ｔ淋巴细胞，包括Ｔ。；和Ｔ。细胞，对ＮＫ、Ｋ细胞也有活化作用；间接增强Ｍｇ功能”’。...     

天地欣(国产香菇多糖)配合化疗治疗中晚期胃肠道腺癌72例临床观察

用国产香菇多糖（天地欣）配合化疗治疗中晚期胃肠道腺癌40例与32例未加用香菇多糖的同种治疗病例比较发现，香菇多糖对增强患者的免疫功能很有效（P＜0．01），短期内对提高化疗的总缓解率帮助不大（P＞0．05），对降低化疗的毒副反应及改善生活质量有一定影响。香菇多糖（天地欣）的毒副反应小，疗效确切。     

香菇多糖联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

背景与目的 香菇多糖作为一种生物免疫调节剂日益受到药学界与临床的广泛重视，目前中国和日本都将其作为一种抗肿瘤辅助药品广泛应用。本研究旨在观察香菇多糖联合化疗治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的治疗效果。方法 81例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为A、B两组，A组（42例）采用香菇多糖加化疗，B组（39例）采用单纯化疗。两组患者在治疗前后测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3、CD4、CD4／CDR）和NK细胞活性，并以正常人（30例）作为对照，对患者疗效、免疫功能、生活质量及不良反应进行评价。结果 治疗后A、B两组的有效率分别为50％和33％（P＜0．05）；A组的T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性明显高于治疗前（P＜0．01），CDR明显低于治疗前（P＜0．05），而B组无明显变化（P〉0．05）；A组的Karnofsky评分上升率（52％）高于B组（23％）（P〈0．01）；B组的Ⅱ～Ⅳ度白细胞减少及恶心呕吐反应发生率（分别为51和44例次）高于A组（分别为39和24例次）（P＜0．05）。结论香菇多糖联合化疗治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效优于单纯化疗。     

国产香菇多糖(天地欣)对胃癌的辅助治疗319例报道

 对235例晚期胃癌化疗或早期胃癌术后进行化疗的同时并用国产香菇多糖，与对照组（84例）单纯化疗比较，结果表明，国产香菇多糖作为化疗的辅助用药，可以显著提高患者的免疫功能，并提高胃癌化疗的客观有效率（治疗组30．5％，对照组14．8％），同时能明显改善患者的生存质量，减轻化疗的某些不良反应。     

化疗及化疗期间服用云芝糖肽（PSP）对术后胃癌患者免疫功能的影响

术后随机将３０例胃癌患者分为两组，每组１５例。两组性别、年龄、术前肿瘤类型、ＴＮＭ分期以及手术方式是类似的。用双盲对照法于化疗期间两组分别服用ＰＳＰ和鲨肝醇，并于化疗前后检测外周血ＮＫ细胞活性和Ｔ细胞亚群。结果显示；鲨肝醇组化疗对患者免疫功能有明显损害作用。表现在ＮＫ细胞活性、细胞、细胞值均明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），免疫抑制的细胞上升。服用ＰＳＰ组能减轻化疗对患者免疫功能的损害，化疗后其ＮＫ细胞活性、细胞、细胞值虽有下降，但无显示差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），在两个疗程化疗期间继续服用可明显提高ＮＫ细胞活性及细胞和细胞值，说明ＰＳＰ在提高患者免疫功能，增加患者对化疗的耐受性及提高化疗效果等方面有明显效果。     

香菇多糖联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌患者临床观察

目的观察晚期胃癌在化疗同时使用香菇多糖所致的免疫功能变化及临床疗效、毒副反应。方法将80例晚期胃癌患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,评价香菇多糖对化疗患者免疫功能的影响、疗效和毒副反应。结果两组均检测了NK细胞活性、CD3、CD4/CD8指标,并作了近期疗效评价,治疗组免疫功能及临床疗效与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论香菇多糖合并化疗治疗晚期胃癌患者,可提高胃癌患者的部分免疫功能及临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

Lentinan prolonged survival in patients with gastric cancer receiving S-1-based chemotherapy

AIM: To examine whether administration of lentinan, purified β-1, 3-glucan, can prolong survival in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving S-1-based chemotherapy.METHODS: Since 2004, 78 patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer have received S-1-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Survival, side effects, and the ratio of granulocytes/lymphocytes (G/L ratio) were compared between 2 groups of patients who received chemo-immunotherapy using lentinan and chemotherapy alone.RESULTS: Median overall survival was significantly longer in the former group than in the latter group [689 d (95% CI: 431-2339 d) vs 565 d (95% CI: 323-662 d), P = 0.0406]. In addition, the G/L ratio in patients who received lentinan was maintained around or below 2, which was significantly lower than that in patients who received chemotherapy alone (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Chemo-immunotherapy with lentinan offers a significant advantage over S-1-based chemotherapy alone in terms of survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer.     

Reconstitution of Anti-tumor Effects of Lentinan in Nude Mice: Roles of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Reaction Triggered by CD4-positive T Cell Clone in the Infiltration of Effector Cells into Tumor

Lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide used clinically in Japan, requires the intact T cell compartment to manifest its antitumor effects. The aim of the current study was to clarify the mechanisms playing crucial roles in the T cell requirement in the expression of antitumor effects of lentinan. Lentinan treatment of BDF1 mice transplanted intradermally with FBL-3 induced complete tumor regression and a marked increase in survival time. The antitumor action of lentinan was abolished in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 antigens, whereas antibody to CD4, CD8 or NK1.1 alone was ineffective. The natural killer, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T cell activities were already augmented in this FBL-3/BDF1 system and thus further augmentation of these activities by lentinan was not observed. These activities did not correlate with the antitumor activity of lentinan, as was confirmed in lymphocyte subset depletion experiments. On the contrary, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against tumor-associated antigens was triggered by lentinan and was abrogated only in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 antigens. Furthermore, a non-cytolytic tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cell clone able to induce the DTH response in concert with lentinan reconstituted the antitumor effects in B6 nude mice when administered with lentinan. These results suggest that, in addition to the augmentation of immune effector cell activity against tumors, infiltration of these cells into the tumor burden initiated by the DTH responses at tumor sites may be involved in eradication of tumors by lentinan.     

国产香菇多糖合并化疗治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的临床研究

 本文应用国产香菇多糖粉针剂(天地欣)合并化疗治疗晚期癌症患者43例,总有效率为55.8l%,单用化疗组37例,有效率为35.14%,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05) 其中胃癌组差异具极显著性(P<0.01).对45例患者进行免疫功能测试,结果表明,天地欣具有提高患者淋巴细胞转化率以及增强NK细胞活性的作用.我们认为,对晚期癌症患者化疗合并应用天地欣有改善机体免疫状况的作用,并可能提高化疗的缓解率.     

Synergistic Antimetastatic Effects of Lentinan and Interleukin 2 with Pre- and Post-operative Treatments

The antimetastatic activity of a combination of lentinan and interleukin 2 (IL-2) was evaluated against spontaneously metastatic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced DBA/2.MC.CS.T fibrosarcoma. Although pre-operative treatment with either IL-2 or lentinan alone exerted little effect on the reduction of lung metastasis colony numbers (7.1% or 28.4% reduction, respectively), the combination exhibited a synergistic effect (85% reduction). Furthermore, 3 of 13 mice given the pre-operative combination treatment achieved complete cure, while no mice given saline did. Although the post-operative combination treatment also reduced the colony number (71% reduction), it caused little prolongation of survival and no mouse achieved complete cure. Synergistic effects were observed between pre- and post-operative treatments with lentinan and IL-2: 8 of 12 mice were completely cured. The anti-metastatic activity was abolished in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CDS antigens, whereas either CD4, CDS, or NK1.1 antibody alone was ineffective. Analysis of the cellular mechanism involved in the antimetastatic activity revealed the involvement of a tumor-associated antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response. These data suggest that the life-prolonging effect of the combination of lentinan and IL-2 is mediated by antigen-specific T cells and that the combination of pre- and post-operative therapy with lentinan and IL-2 may be effective to prevent cancer recurrence and metastasis after surgical resection.     

原发鼻腔T/NK-T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤34例临床分析

 目的 探讨原发鼻腔T细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的临床特点及治疗。方法 回顾分析1997年1月至2001年12月收治的鼻腔T细胞性NHL34例。其中23例用化、放疗联合治疗,9例用单纯化疗,2例未治疗。所有化疗均采用标准CHOP方案。结果 单纯化疗组有效率为44.4 ％,CR率为22.2 ％;化、放联合治疗组有效率为100.0 ％,CR率86.9 ％。全组1年、3年、5年生存率分别为52.9 ％,41.2 ％,18.3 ％。化、放联合治疗组5年生存率高于单纯化疗组;局限于鼻腔（ⅠE期）者,5年生存率高于有远处播散者（>ⅠE期）。结论 原发性鼻腔T细胞NHL 预后不良,用标准CHOP方案化疗疗效差,联合化、放疗有助于改善预后。     

Seven patients with stage IVb advanced gastric cancer who were treated with preoperative chemotherapy

We examined the usefulness of preoperative chemotherapy using 5-FU and low-dose CDDP in patients with stage IVb gastric cancer. Between 1996 and 1998, seven patients with stage IVb gastric cancer who received preoperative chemotherapy achieved complete or partial response. One course of the chemotherapy was as follows: arterial or venous infusion of 5-FU (500 or 250 mg/day on day 1-5) and low-dose CDDP (5-10 mg/day on day 1-5) for three weeks. In addition to preoperative chemotherapy, biological response modifiers such as OK-432 and lentinan were used. We evaluated the response with abdominal or chest CT and tumor markers. Although preoperative chemotherapy did not improve the survival rate significantly, the prognosis of these patients seemed to be relatively good. Only slight side effects were found. These results suggest that preoperative chemotherapy using 5-FU and low-dose CDDP may be useful for patients with stage IVb gastric cancer.     

Synergic effect of cisplatin, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

61 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were treated by combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. 23 patients received radiotherapy in addition to the chemotherapy. 49 out of 55 adequately treated patients were evaluable for tumor response. Of 29 patients who received chemotherapy alone, 6 (21%) achieved partial responses. Of 20 patients who received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 16 (80%) achieved complete or partial responses. The median survival time was 18 months for 22 patients treated with combined therapies.     

Effects of lentinan on colorectal carcinogenesis in mice with ulcerative colitis

Lentinan; i.e., polysaccharides extracted from a kind of black mushroom shiitake, has been clinically applied as an antitumor and antimetastatic drug, and has been reported to prevent both chemical and viral carcinogenesis. It is known that lentinan affects the tumorous vascular system resulting in the induction of hemorrhagic necrosis which is dependent on T-cells in the tumor. Repeated mucosal necrosis-regeneration sequence in chronic ulcerative colitis induced with 3% dextran sulfate sodium led to colorectal carcinogenesis in azoxymethane-pretreated mice. In the present study, the additive treatment with lentinan in the azoxymethane-dextran sulfate sodium treated mice enhanced the colorectal high-grade dysplasia, though not significantly, and the splenic weight. This may show the proliferation of pathogenic splenic T cells resulting in a change for the worse of ulcerative colitis, anemia induced with hemorrhage and colorectal carcinogenesis; i.e., high-grade dysplasia of the mucosa and/or invasive adenocarcinomas of the colorectum. The present results may recommend chemoimmunotherapy while using lentinan, but not immunotherapy using lentinan alone, is indicated for the management of cancer patients.     

肺癌肾上腺转移30例分析

目的 探讨肺癌肾上腺转移的综合治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析1995年2月-2001年4月间收治的30例肺癌肾上腺转移患者资料，其中小细胞肺癌14例，非小细胞肺癌16例，患者均采用化疗和（或）放疗，18例化疗 放疗综合治疗，12例单纯化疗。结果 全组患者中位生存期8个月，12例单纯化疗者中部分缓解3例，有效率为25.0%；18例化疗 放疗综合治疗者中完全缓解1例，部分缓解7例，有效率为44.4%，有疼痛症状者放疗后疼痛明显缓解。结论 肺癌肾上腺转移的化疗 放疗的综合治疗比单一化疗效果更好。