Mixing medication into foodstuffs: Identifying the issues for paediatric nurses

Medication is often mixed into soft foods to aid swallowing in children. However, this can alter the physical/chemical properties of the active drug. This study reports on the prevalence of the modification procedure, the nature of foodstuffs routinely used and factors which influence how the procedure is performed by nurses working in the National Health Service in Scotland. Mixed methods were employed encompassing an online self‐administered questionnaire and semi‐structured interviews. One hundred and eleven nurses participated, of whom 87% had modified medication prior to administration. Fruit juice (diluted and concentrated) and yoghurts were most commonly used. The interviews (i) identified the limitations of the procedure; (ii) explored the decision‐making process; and (iii) confirmed the procedure was a last resort. This study intends to address some of the uncertainty surrounding the medicine modification procedure within the paediatric population.     

脐血采分过程中微生物污染的调查

目的 探讨不同脐血采分过程中微生物污染率。方法 脐血采集按美国脐血库标准操作规程（SOP）；66份脐血同时按密封式和开放式两种操作方式进行脐血造血细胞分离处理；采用全新型BACTEC9050细菌培养系统对分离前、后脐血进行细菌和真菌培养。结果 脐血采集后细菌和真菌污染率分别为3．0％、1．5％；密闭式分离处理后细菌和真菌污染率分别增加到6．0％、3．0％；开放式分离处理后细菌和真菌污染率分别增加到7．5％和3．0％。结论 脐血采分过程是导致脐血细胞微生物污染重要原因，操作过程中必须严格执行消毒、隔离、灭菌技术和操作员管理制度以尽量降低污染率。     

不同加工工艺黄花菜元素含量的测定及分析

目的 探讨两种加工工艺黄花菜中钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜含量的差异，分析两种黄花莱营养价值的高低。方法 随机抽取两种黄花菜样品各15份，分别以600℃、700℃、800℃对样品分别进行灰化，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定其样品中各元素的含量。结果 两种黄花菜中铁、锰、锌、铜的含量差异均有显著性（P〈0．05），而钙、镁元素含量差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 散装黄花菜营养价值高于袋装黄花菜。     

血清总胆固醇测定的基质效应研究

目的 评价血清胆固醇常规方法对常见胆固醇参考物质的基质效应和常规方法的校准偏差.方法 用高效液相色谱测定血清总胆固醇的方法为对比方法,用胆固醇氧化酶法的6种常规测定系统为待评方法,测定30个新鲜冰冻人血清和37种制备物的总胆固醇.将两法测定新鲜人血清的结果作直线回归,求得Y预测值双侧95%的允许区间,评价制备物的基质效应.通过分析新鲜冰冻人血清样品常规方法和对比方法结果的差异,评价测定系统的校准偏差.结果 胆固醇制备物的基质效应依品种而异,冰冻血清几乎没有基质效应,冻干血清表现为负基质效应,乙醇基质校准液呈正基质效应.所有系统新鲜冰冻血清测定值同对比方法测定结果均呈较好的直线相关.A,B,E系统显负偏差,C,D,F系统显正偏差,但偏差大多处于临床可接受的范围内,可满足临床需求,个别测定系统需进行改进.结论 在我国血清胆固醇测定系统上,制备物的基质效应普遍存在,部分常规系统存在校准偏差.为实现检验结果的准确性和实验室间的可比性,临床标准化工作势在必行.     

冠状动脉造影电影图象数字式图象处理的临床实验研究

采用数字式图象处理技术对１２１帧临床冠状动脉造影电影图象和４０帧实验性离体犬冠状动脉造影电影图象进行了图象处理。对数字式图象处理在改善冠状动脉造影图象质量中的作用、数字式图象处理是否影响冠脉造影血管测量及选择较优的图象处理功能进行了临床实验研究。结果发现：数字式图象处理能明显改善冠脉造影图象质量，并且不影响冠脉造影的血管测量     

Processed and unprocessed red meat consumption and incident type 2 diabetes among French women

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the relation of processed and unprocessed red meat and incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a prospective study among 66,118 disease-free French women with dietary information from a validated questionnaire. Between 1993 and 2007, we identified 1,369 cases of incident diabetes. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for age, education, region, smoking, BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, physical activity, parental history of diabetes, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, alcohol, calories, n-3 fatty acids, carbohydrates, coffee, fiber, and fruits and vegetables.

RESULTS

Comparing the highest category of processed meat intake, ≥5 servings/week (median, 48 g/day), to the lowest, <1 serving/week (median, 5 g/day), processed meat was significantly associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio 1.30 [95% CI 1.07–1.59], P trend = 0.0007; for 1 serving/day, 1.29 [1.14–1.45]). Unprocessed red meat was not associated with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

In this large prospective cohort of French women, a direct association was observed only for processed red meat and type 2 diabetes.Despite consistent epidemiologic evidence linking processed red meats with type 2 diabetes (1,2), evidence for the underlying mechanism is tenuous at best. Evaluating this relation in different populations may be useful to exclude the possibility that results can be explained by difficulties in accounting for diabetes risk factors that are associated with diet. Therefore, we evaluated the relation of processed and unprocessed red meat and type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort of French women.     

Addition of Processed Fine Wine Lees of Cabernet Sauvignon to Improve Nutraceutical Properties of Yoghurt

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - During the process of wine making different type wastes are generated. Generally, these wastes are not...     

In Vivo Survival and Supernatant Hemoglobin of Autologous, Deglycerolized, Resuspended Erythrocytes Processed Using Centrifugation

Autologous human erythrocytes were frozen at −80 C and stored for periods of three to eight months, using centrifugation to add and remove the intracellular additive, glycerol. The length of storage had no adverse effect on the 24-hour and seven-day posttransfusion survivals. Acceptable 24-hour posttransfusion survival was observed in the nine subjects studied. The mechanism of removal of the nonviable erythrocytes immediately following infusion was not associated with hemoglobinemia. The total supernatant hemoglobin in the unit on the day of transfusion and the total in vitro loss related to preservation are reported.     

Processed intraoperative burst suppression and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a cohort of older noncardiac surgery patients

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing - Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive test performance which persists months after surgery. There has been great...     

Processed xenogenic cartilage as innovative biomatrix for cartilage tissue engineering: effects on chondrocyte differentiation and function

One key point in the development of new bioimplant matrices for the reconstruction and replacement of cartilage defects is to provide an adequate microenvironment to ensure chondrocyte migration and de novo synthesis of cartilage‐specific extracellular matrix (ECM). A recently developed decellularization and sterilization process maintains the three‐dimensional (3D) collagen structure of native septal cartilage while increasing matrix porosity, which is considered to be crucial for cartilage tissue engineering. Human primary nasal septal chondrocytes were amplified in monolayer culture and 3D‐cultured on processed porcine nasal septal cartilage scaffolds. The influence of chondrogenic growth factors on neosynthesis of ECM proteins was examined at the protein and gene expression levels. Seeding experiments demonstrated that processed xenogenic cartilage matrices provide excellent environmental properties for human nasal septal chondrocytes with respect to cell adhesion, migration into the matrix and neosynthesis of cartilage‐specific ECM proteins, such as collagen type II and aggrecan. Matrix biomechanical stability indicated that the constructs retrieve full stability and function during 3D culture for up to 42 days, proportional to collagen type II and GAG production. Thus, processed xenogenic cartilage offers a suitable environment for human nasal chondrocytes and has promising potential for cartilage tissue engineering in the head and neck region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.