荧光分光光度法测定血清粘蛋白

用荧光分光光度法测定了血清粘蛋白，粘蛋白中酷氨酸含量为４．２％，利用酪氨酸与１－亚硝基－２－萘酚反应生成荧光物质，测定出酪氨酸含量，再乘以２３．８换算成粘蛋白含量，酪氨酸在０－０．１ｇ／Ｌ范围内呈良好线性。     

荧光分光光度法测定血清铝

采用Ｌｕｍｏｇａｌｌｉｏｎ（荧光镓，２，２＇，４－三羟基－５－氯－１，１′－偶氮苯－３－磺酸）作为荧光试剂，以１０％和５％三氯醋酸水溶液去血清蛋白，分别以２．５％硫代硫酸钠溶液、０．１％邻菲绕啉溶液消除Ｃｕ＾２＋及Ｆｅ＾３＋的干扰，建立了血清铝的检测方法，检测限为０．１８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该方法操作简便、速度快，适于在缺乏原子吸收／发射光谱仪的条件情况下使用。用此法测得的健康正常人血清铝含量为０．２７     

荧光分光光度法测定血清亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐

为了建立荧光分光光度法测定血清中硝酸盐浓度，采用镀有铜的镉颗粒还遥血清中的硝酸盐为亚硝酸盐，基于２，３－二氨基萘在酸性条件下与ＮＯ＾－２反应生成荧光物质１（Ｈ）－萘三唑，用荧光分光光度计测其荧光强度。     

荧光分光光度法测定血清肌肽酶及在肝病中的初步应用

本文报道了荧光分光光度法测定血清肌肽酶的活力，对此法的可靠性作了一系列的研究，探索了荧光稳定性，Ｃｄ＾＋＋的最佳浓度、底物浓度、激活时间和反应时间等实验条件，重复性试验结果良好，并建立了成人血清肌肽酶活力的正常参考值，初步进行了临床应用。     

分光光度法测定血清中微量铜

目的建立一种快速、简便、灵敏分光光度法测定血清铜。方法在表面活性剂Tween-80存在下,用2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚(简称3,5-diBr-DNPAP)作显色剂直接光度法测定血清铜。结果该方法显色络色物最大吸收波长为564nm,线性范围达63.0μmol·L-1,表现摩尔吸光系数为7.13×104L·mol-1·cm-1。回收率为98.2～102.9%。批内和批间变异系数(cv)分别为2.9%与3.6%,与原子吸收分光光度法比较相关良好,Y=1.03X-0.42,r=0.9913,P>0.05,45例健康人血清铜含量为(9.0～23.8)μmol·L-1(x±2s)。结论该法血清用量少,不必去蛋白,具有操作快速、简便、结果灵敏可靠等优点,适合临床应用。     

分光光度法测定血清中微量铜

目的建立一种快速、简便、灵敏分光光度法测定血清铜.方法在表面活性剂Tween-80存在下,用2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚(简称3,5-diBr-DNPAP)作显色剂直接光度法测定血清铜.结果该方法显色络色物最大吸收波长为564nm,线性范围达63.0μmol·L-1,表现摩尔吸光系数为7.13×104L·mol-1·cm-1.回收率为98.2～102.9%.批内和批间变异系数(cv)分别为2.9%与3.6%,与原子吸收分光光度法比较相关良好,Y=1.03X-0.42,r=0.9913,P＞0.05,45例健康人血清铜含量为(9.0～23.8)μmol·L-1(-x±2s).结论该法血清用量少,不必去蛋白,具有操作快速、简便、结果灵敏可靠等优点,适合临床应用.     

荧光分光光度法测定血清腺苷酸激酶活力

根据Brolin方法，建立了腺苷酸激的荧光光光法，测定血清AK的活力，本法的最佳激光波长和最佳发射波长分别为340nm,460nm，反应产物与荧光强度呈线性关系，咕组不同酶水平的样品批内CV值分别为5．5％，5．1％，4．0％，批间CV为6．3％，5．6％，4．1％，34名献血员血清AK活力中位数为6．92U／L，范围为4．6－10．2U／L，30名肝硬化患者为23．1±7．0U／L，明显高于献血员参考值（P＜0．001），21名肝癌患者为18．1±8．1U／L，也明显高于献血员参考值（P＜0．001）。     

铁氰化钾紫外分光光度法测定血清尿酸

我们根据文献(Clin Chem,1974,20:51)建立的铁氰化钾紫外分光光度法测定血清尿酸,反应迅速,所得结果与酶法试剂盒完全一致.现报告如下.1 原理尿酸在293nm 处有一吸收峰,其在碱性条件下被高铁氰化钾氧化,而在酸性条件下不被氧化.两者在293nm 处吸光度差值与样本中浓度成正比.     

新分光光度法间接测定血清一氧化氮

目的　建立一种血清一氧化氮(NO)间接测定的新方法。方法　采用镀有铜的镉还原硝酸盐(NO-3 )为亚硝酸盐(NO-2 )后,于酸性条件下,将品红与NO-2 进行重氮化,再与间苯二酚在弱碱介质中偶合成稳定的橙色染料。偶联产物在波长4 36nm处有吸收峰。结果　NO-2 含量在0～198μmol/L之间线性很好,相关系数r =0 . 999,批内和批间变异系数(CV)分别为7 .16 %和9 .0 7% ,平均回收率为99 .6 0 %。30例健康成人血清NO-2 /NO-3 平均浓度为5 9 .2±17. 0 μmol/L。结论　该法具有简单、试剂安全、价廉、干扰因素少等优点,是临床间接测定NO浓度的又一实用方法。     

Determination of Phenobarbital and Phenytoin in Serum by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

A modification of the method of Svensmark & Kristensen for the spectrophotometric determination of phenobarbital and phenytoin in serum has been described. By means of small alterations the method was made more suitable for routine use. It was shown that recovery of both drugs was 7–9 per cent higher when known amounts were added to water instead of serum. Some not previously described interfering drugs, ethoxybenzamid, trimethadione, sulthiame, sulphadimethoxine and sulphamethoxipyridazine, were investigated. It was shown that recording of the extinction curve in the range 220–300 nm offers a possibility to recognize interfering drugs, except other barbiturates. Phenytoin can only be determined by this method if interfering drugs or metabolites are not present, i.e. the intake of other drugs should be known not to interfere; otherwise the analysis must be carried out by a specific method (thin-layer chromatography).     

偶氮氯膦I测定血清钙

目的：建立灵敏度高、选择性好、试剂稳定的血清钙测定方法。方法：在pH9.6的2－氨基－2－甲基－1，3－丙二醇（AMP）缓冲介质中，以偶氮氯膦I作显色剂，8－羟基喹啉－5－磺酸为掩蔽剂，分光光度法测定血清钙。对反应条件和方法性能进行系统研究。结果：该方法显色络合物最大吸收波长为580nm，线性血清钙。对反应条件和方法性能进行系统研究。结果：该方法显色络 的最大吸收波长为580nm，线性范围达5．0mmol/L，回收率为98．8％－99．1％，平均99．0％。批内变异系数（CV）和批间变异系数（CV）分别为0．95％和1．74％。与邻甲酚酞络合酮（OCPC）（X1）比较：Y＝1．003X1－0．036，r=0.996;与偶氮肿Ⅲ（X2）比较：Y＝1.001X2-0.030,r=0.997；与酶速率（X3）法比较：Y＝0.999X3-0.045,r=0.998。在血清胆红素高达412μmol/L,血红蛋白7g/L，镁2．59mmol/L及Intralipid高达8g/L时均对该法无显著干扰。结论：该法具有简便、快速、试剂稳定和灵敏可靠的优点，适合血清钙的手工测定和自动分析。     

Conjugated and Unconjugated Bilirubin Determined in Icteric Sera by Direct Spectrophotometry

The difference between the absorption curves of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin is used for determining their ratio. The error due to oxyhemoglobin is eliminated.

Icteric serum is diluted at pH 8.3 and absorbances are read at three wavelengths: 460, 440, and 415 mμ. Per cent unconjugated bilirubin is calculated according to equations given in the text.

The difference between the total amount of bilirubin determined as azopigments and the fraction of unconjugated bilirubin expresses the amount of bilirubin-conjugates in icteric sera where absorbance due to nonbilirubin yellow pigments is negligible.

Values obtained by this method, by the Fog 1964 method, and by chloroform extraction agree within narrow limits.     

阿霉素化疗与热化疗对人肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞抑制作用的比较研究

目的 探讨阿霉素（adriamycin，ADR）化疗与热化疗（热疗联合化疗）对人肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞的抑制作用与细胞内阿霉素浓度的关系。方法 不同浓度的阿霉素作用于体外培养的A549细胞，42．5℃作用30、60min后，37℃继续培养，然后用MTT法检测细胞的毒性作用，用流式细胞仪检测细胞内阿霉素浓度。结果 化疗、热化疗对A549细胞均有抑制作用，与对照组比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01），且均存在浓度、时间的依赖性；热化疗对细胞的抑制作用明显强于单纯化疗（P〈0．01）；热化疗组细胞内阿霉素的浓度明显高于单纯化疗组（P〈0．01）；各组细胞内药物浓度与细胞的抑制率呈直线相关（P〈0．05）。结论 阿霉素热化疗可以显著增强对A549细胞的抑制，其抑制作用与细胞内浓度有关。     

实时荧光PCR检测乙肝病毒DNA的临床意义

目的用实时荧光定量PCR检测乙型肝炎患者HBV—DNA结果进行分析,以探讨其临床诊疗意义。方法对850例临床标本用时间分辨荧光免疫技术定量测定乙肝病毒血清学指标,用荧光定量PCR法检测血标本中的HBV—DNA,并依据乙肝两对半结果进行归类分组。结果302份HBsAg（＋）、HBeAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本中有261份HBV—DNA为阳性,阳性率为86．4％,其PCR定量拷贝数为（2．21±0．76）×10^7／ml;321份HBsAg（＋）、HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本有96份HBV—DNA阳性,阳性率达到29．91％,PCR定量拷贝数为（1．69±0．98）×10^6／ml;32份HBsAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本中有9份HBV—DNA为阳性,阳性率为28．13％,28份HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本有4份PCRHBV—DNA阳性,阳性率14．29％;11份HBcAb（＋）标本有6份PCRHBV—DNA阳性,阳性率为42．9％;74份HBsAb（＋）、HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本有5份HBV—DNA阳性,阳性率6．75％;13份HBsAb（＋）、HBeAb（＋）阳性标本有2份PCRHBV—DNA阳性,阳性率为14．3％;12份HBsAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本有1份HBV—DNA阳性,阳性率7．69％;4份HBsAb（＋）的标本HBV—DNA均为阴性,PCR定量拷贝数为〈1．00E×103;24份HBsAg（＋）、HBsAb（＋）、HBeAg（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本中有21份HBV—DNA为阳性,阳性率为87．50％;1份HBsAg（＋）标本HBV—DNA均为阳性,阳性率为100％;10份HBsAg（＋）、HBsAb（＋）、HBeAb（＋）、HBcAb（＋）标本有3份HBV—DNA均为阳性,阳性率30．00％,其余38例全阴性结果和各少见模式基本见有HBV—DNA的检出。结论PCR定量测定HBV—DNA可以真实反映体内乙肝病毒感染和复制及病毒载量情况,更有利于临床治疗和疗效观察。     

Variations in Temperature Distribution and Tissue Lesion Formation Induced by Tissue Inhomogeneity for Therapeutic Ultrasound

Tissue inhomogeneity might have an important effect on the treatment accuracy of therapeutic ultrasound. Both computer simulation and measurement were performed to study the influence of tissue inhomogeneity on the temperature distribution and tissue lesion formation induced by focused ultrasound. The inhomogeneous tissue is considered a combination of a homogeneous medium and a phase aberration screen in this article. Temperature distributions and lesion dimensions were predicted using the combination of acoustic non-linear and bio-heat transfer equations. To verify the theoretical predictions, polyethylene plates with phase distributions of different correlation lengths and standard deviations were made to mimic inhomogeneous tissues such as human abdominal tissue, and a series of experiments were performed, including acoustic and thermal measurements. The results indicate that the tissue inhomogeneity caused phase aberration of the ultrasound beam. With increasing standard deviation and correlation length of phase aberration, the scattering level of the acoustic field increased, while ultrasound-induced peak temperature and lesion size decreased. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for future development of accurate treatment plans for high-intensity focused ultrasound.     

组织追踪显像分析心力衰竭的心室不同步性

目的　研究组织追踪显像对心力衰竭患者心室不同步性的反映。方法　选取 138例研究对象 ,78例无心衰症状且 EF≥ 5 0 %的作为收缩功能正常对照组 ;6 0例有心衰症状且 EF<5 0 %的作为收缩功能异常心衰组。用组织追踪显像 (tissue tracking imaging TTI)方法测量房室瓣环位移 ,求其差值 X=T- M。结果　 X在对照组 4 .4 8mm± 2 .6 9mm和心衰组 6 .6 9mm± 4 .0 5 mm之间有明显的统计学差异。对照组 X从 0～ 11mm,心衰组 X从 0～ 16 .5 mm不等。结论　组织追踪显像能评价心力衰竭患者的心室不同步性。     

Tissue Doppler Imaging and Tissue Strain Imaging for the Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

We studied the feasibility of evaluating the stages of liver fibrosis with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and tissue strain imaging (TSI) for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. One hundred ten patients were divided into two groups: normal adult group (n = 38) and chronic liver disease group (n = 72, patients infected with HBVs). The chronic liver disease group was divided into three subgroups on the basis of the Scheuer scoring system and clinical evidence: mild fibrosis (S0 and S1, n = 11), moderate fibrosis (S2 and S3, n = 27) and cirrhosis (S4 and clinically typical cirrhosis, n = 34) groups. TDI was performed for a chosen oblique section. Four regions of interest (ROIs), A–D, were chosen in the hepatic parenchyma based on the direction of propagation from the heart to the liver. Strain rate curves were obtained on the basis of TDI and TSI findings. Strain peak rates (SPRs) of all ROIs and the differences in times to SPRs for the four ROIs (T_A-B, T_B-C and T_C-D) in the hepatic parenchyma were measured with TDI and TSI. Strain rate curves were analyzed for each ROI. The strain rate curves for the normal adult group were synchronous, whereas those for the chronic liver disease group were asynchronous. SPRs of the ROIs gradually decreased with the progression of liver fibrosis. The SPRs of ROI B significantly correlated with chronic liver disease severity (r = 0.991, p < 0.05). Areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROI A and ROI B SPRs at the moderate fibrosis and cirrhosis stages were 0.86 ± 0.06, 0.81 ± 0.56 and 0.90 ± 0.65, 0.92 ± 0.04, respectively. The AUC of the SPRs of ROIs A and B correlated better than the platelet/age/phosphatase/α-fetoprotein/aspartate aminotransferase (PAPAS) index for advanced fibrosis. The differences in time to SPRs among the peaks of the four ROIs (T_A-B, T_B-C and T_C-D) gradually increased with the progression of liver fibrosis. TDI and TSI with quantitative measurements using tissue Doppler analysis software (TDIQ, GE Medical Systems, Horten, Norway) provided reliable information for evaluating non-invasive liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.     

组织多普勒技术定量评价心肌梗死患者左室壁的收缩后收缩

目的：讨论急性与陈旧性心肌梗死（MI）患者左心室收缩后收缩（PSS）出现的比例和峰值，以及与左心室节段功能的关系。方法：入选（MI）患者42例，其中急性（MI）、陈旧性（MI）和正常对照组各14例（A，B，C组）。运用GEvivid 7彩色超声仪采集惠者心尖3个切面的超声图像，并用Q-analyse分析软件测量左心室12节段的收缩期峰值速度（Sm），收缩后收缩峰值速度（PSS），舒张早期、晚期峰值速度（Em，Am），收缩期峰值位移（Ds）和收缩期峰值应变力（εs），用双平面Simposon法测量患者的EF值。结果：（1）MI后，PSS节段占总节段数的比例较正常增加，且A组比B组的增加更明显（P〈0．01）；PSS峰值较正常升高，且A组比B组升高更显著（P〈0．01）。（2）A、B两组的Sm，Em，Am，Ds和如均明显低于C组（P〈0．01），但A、B两组间除了Em外（P〈0．01），其余参数无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（3）C组左心室基底段的平均PSS与EE值正相关（P〈20．05），而A、B两组平均PSS与EF值呈现负相关趋势。结论：组织多普勒技术评价（MI）患者左心室PSS的比例和峰值，可以反映心肌的缺血、存活和节段功能的细微变化，是一种无创、快捷、定量的客观指标。     

定量组织速度成像及组织追踪成像评价矽肺患者右心室收缩功能变化

目的:探讨定量组织速度成像(quantitative tissue velocity imaging,QTVI)及组织追踪成像(tissue tracing imaging,TTI)对矽肺患者右室收缩功能变化的评估价值。方法:选择2012年11月—2014年1月江苏省南京市胸科医院收治的矽肺患者42例(矽肺组);同时选择性别、年龄相匹配的正常成人36例作为对照组。两组均行二维超声心动图检查,测量右心腔内径、右心室面积变化率(right ventricular fractional area change,RVFAC)、肺动脉收缩压(pulmonary artery systolic pressure,PASP)。应用QTVI获取右室游离壁三尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度(tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity,TAPVs);应用TTI获取右室游离壁三尖瓣环收缩期位移(tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion,TAPSE)。结果:矽肺组患者右心腔内径、RVFAC、PASP与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);矽肺组TAPVs、TAPSE均较对照组减低(P0.01)。结论:QTVI及TTI可以定量、简便、敏感地评价矽肺患者右室收缩功能的变化。