Effectiveness of Roux-en-Y Reconstruction After Distal Gastrectomy Based on an Assessment of Biliary Kinetics

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RY) after distal gastrectomy we compared postoperative physiological functions and disorders among patients who underwent RY, conventional Billroth I reconstruction (BI), or Billroth II reconstruction (BII). Methods: The subjects were 91 patients who had undergone distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer more than 1 month earlier. To examine the severity of gastroesophageal reflux, acid reflux and alkali reflux were assessed, and to examine the severity of duodenal reflux into the remnant stomach, biliary scintigraphy was performed. The degree of inflammation in the esophagus and remnant stomach was examined by endoscopy. Questionnaires on postoperative complaints were sent out to the patients to determine how serious their reflux symptoms were. Results: Both acid and alkali reflux were mild in the RY group. Biliary reflux into the remnant stomach, as assessed by biliary scintigraphy, was significantly less severe in the RY group than in the BI and BII groups. Endoscopy showed that inflammation of the lower esophagus and remnant stomach was much less severe in the RY group than in the BI and BII groups. According to the questionnaire survey, none of the patients in the RY group reported any reflux symptoms. Conclusions: In this series, RY was found to be a superior reconstruction method after distal gastrectomy since it was rarely accompanied by the reflux of duodenal juice into the remnant stomach or gastric reflux into the lower esophagus. Received: May 9, 2001 / Accepted: January 8, 2002 Reprint requests to: K. Shinoto     

非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合与BillrothⅡ式吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中比较的meta分析

目的:系统评价非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合术与BillrothⅡ式吻合术在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的临床疗效。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CBM、VIP、CNKI及万方数据等数据库,收集国内外公开发表的关于两种消化道重建方式在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中对比的临床研究,检索时限为建库至2019年10月。对纳入的文献进行资料提取与质量评价,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入9项研究,共900例患者。meta分析结果显示,在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中应用非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合术后排气时间、首次进流质饮食时间及住院时间短(WMD=-0.29,95%CI-0.44^-0.13,P=0.0002;WMD=-0.41,95%CI-0.66^-0.15,P=0.002;WMD=-0.85,95%CI-1.23^-0.47,P<0.00001),术后近期胃排空障碍、远期胆汁反流及反流性胃炎发生率较低(OR=0.41,95%CI 0.19~0.88,P=0.02;OR=0.06,95%CI 0.02~0.19,P<0.00001;OR=0.14,95%CI 0.05~0.42,P=0.0003),两组手术时间、术中消化道重建时间、术中出血量及远期营养状况差异无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中应用非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合术是安全、可行的,具有较好的近、远期临床疗效,可有效降低术后近期胃排空障碍、远期胆汁反流及反流性胃炎发生率,临床应用具有一定优势。     

毕Ⅰ式与Roux-en-Y在远端胃癌根治术的疗效对比Meta分析

目的：对比远端胃癌根治术后毕I和Roux-en-Y两种重建方式的疗效。方法中文以“毕I”“Roux-en-Y”“远端胃癌根治术”“重建”为关键词,英文以“Billroth-I”“Roux-en-Y”“distal gastrectomy”“reconstruction”为关键词,通过检索中国知网、万方、Medline、Pubmed、Embase,纳入对比毕I和Roux-en-Y两种重建方式的的随机对照试验,并逐个进行质量评价和资料提取。将手术时间、术中出血、手术时间、术中出血、术后住院天数、术后恢复流质饮食时间、术后出现恶心呕吐、吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄、术后体重变化、残胃炎、反流性食管炎、胆汁反流和胃排空障碍做为评价指标。统计学分析采用RevMan 5.3软件。结果纳入随机对照研究6篇,病例总数600例。荟萃分析结果显示Roux-en-Y重建方式较毕Ⅰ相比需要更长的手术时间[WMD=-30.82,95%CI(-55.37,-6.26),P=0.01]。 Roux-en-Y组在减少胆汁反流[OR=30.31,95%CI(8.74,105.15),P<0.00001]和残胃炎[OR=2.73,95%CI(1.86,4.00),P<0.00001]的发生上明显优于毕Ⅰ组。结论荟萃研究结果显示Roux-en-Y较毕Ⅰ的一些优点,但是对于Roux-en-Y和毕Ⅰ这两种重建方式的哪一种更适合远端胃癌根治术仍需更科学的多中心的随机对照研究来证实。     

开放胃癌远端胃切除消化道重建术式选择与注意事项

远端胃癌胃切除术后消化道重建可以选择Billroth Ⅰ（BⅠ）式、Billroth Ⅱ（BⅡ）式、Roux-en-Y（RY）吻合、双通路法以及空肠间置重建.BⅠ式是临床最常用的术式,其主要优点是保持了食物正常的十二指肠通路.与RY吻合比较,BⅡ式最主要的缺点是可能发生倾倒综合征.与BⅠ式比较,RY吻合虽然可以显著降低返流性残胃炎、食管炎的发生,但是在保持体重及改善营养状态方面并不具备优势.双通路法在具备了减少返流性残胃炎、食管炎的优点的同时又保留了食物正常十二指肠通路空肠间置克服了上述吻合的几乎所有缺点,但是操作复杂,手术时间长,术后可能发生吻合口溃疡.     

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Billroth I and Roux-en-Y Procedures after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma

To determine the clinical efficacy of Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RY) after distal gastrectomy, we compared postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent RY or conventional Billroth I reconstruction (B-I). A total of 50 patients were prospectively randomized to either B-I or RY reconstruction, and complications, postoperative course, and nutritional status were compared. Bile reflux and inflammation in the remnant stomach and lower esophagus were evaluated by postoperative follow-up endoscopy at 6 months. Operative time and blood loss as well as postoperative nutrition did not show significant differences between the two groups. As anticipated, 5 of 24 patients with RY reconstruction developed gastrojejunal stasis in the early postoperative period, which led to a longer postoperative hospital stay as compared with the B-I group (mean ± S.D; B-I; 19.0 ± 6.2, RY; 31.8 ± 21.7 days) (P < 0.05). Endoscopic examination revealed that the frequency of bile reflux (P < 0.01) and degree of inflammation in the remnant stomach (P < 0.05) were less in the RY group than in the B-I group. However, inflammatory findings in the lower esophagus were observed in 7 (27%) of B-I, and 8 (35%) of the RY group, suggesting that late phase esophagitis was not improved in the RY group. Roux-en-Y reconstruction was effective in preventing duodenogastric reflux and resulting gastritis, but it did not prevent esophagitis. Because RY reconstruction induces the frequent complication of Roux-en-Y stasis, causing longer postoperative hospital stay, this method has limited advantages over B-I anastomosis after distal gastrectomy.     

Comparison of Billroth I and Roux-en-Y Reconstruction after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: One-year Postoperative Effects Assessed by a Multi-institutional RCT

Purpose

This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the clinical efficacy of Billroth I (BI) and Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction at 1 year after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods

The primary end point was the amount of body weight lost at 1 postoperative year, and secondary end points included other items related to nutritional status such as serum albumin and lymphocyte count, as well as endoscopic examination findings of the remnant stomach and esophagus. Of the 332 patients enrolled, 163 were assigned to the BI group and 169 were randomized to the RY group.

Results

The loss in body weight 1 year after surgery did not differ significantly between the BI and RY groups (9.1 % and 9.7 %, respectively, p = 0.39). There were no significant differences in other aspects of nutritional status between the 2 groups. Endoscopic examination 1 year after gastrectomy showed reflux esophagitis in 26 patients (17 %) in the BI group versus 10 patients (6 %) in the RY group (p = 0.0037), while remnant gastritis was observed in 71 patients (46 %) in the BI group versus 44 patients (28 %) in the RY group (p = 0.0013); differences were significant for both conditions. Multivariable analysis showed that the only reconstruction was the independently associated factor with the incidence of reflux esophagitis.

Conclusions

RY reconstruction was not superior to BI in terms of body weight change or other aspects of nutritional status at 1 year after surgery, although RY more effectively prevented reflux esophagitis and remnant gastritis after distal gastrectomy.     

Roux-en-Y Reconstruction after Distal Gastrectomy to Reduce Enterogastric Reflux and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis> Infection

Enterogastric reflux (EGR) is regarded as an unavoidable consequence of distal gastrectomy. We evaluated the efficacy of Roux-en-Y (RY) gastrojejunostomy and Braun enteroenterostomy (BEE) for preventing EGR. Between January 2002 and January 2005, 60 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer or peptic ulcers were divided into RY, Billroth II reconstruction (BII) without or with BEE (BII+B) according to reconstructive method. After 12 months, EGR and mucosal alterations of the remnant stomach were evaluated using biliary scintigraphy, endoscopy, and histology. Scintigraphy showed fasting and postprandial EGR into the remnant stomach occurred in 5.3% and 21.1% of the RY group, 62.1% and 93.1% of the BII group, and 50.0% and 91.7% of the BII+B group, respectively. Endoscopy showed bile reflux occurred in 15.8% of the RY group, 75.9% of the BII group, and 83.3% of the BII+B group. In addition, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in the RY group was less than in the other groups (P < 0.02). Therefore, RY after distal gastrectomy was effective in reducing EGR and HP infection. BEE was ineffective in diverting bile flow away from the gastric remnant. The study was supported by a grant from the Research Foundation of The Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-C96-14-S05).     

非离断式Roux—en—Y吻合在远端胃癌根治术后消化道重建中的应用

目的评价非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合用于远端胃癌根治术后消化道重建的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2008年3月间天津医科大学肿瘤医院行远端胃癌根治术且有完整随访资料的419例患者．根据其不同的消化道重建方式分为：UncutRY组（非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合）127例,BI组（BillrothI式）138例,M—BⅡ组（改良BillrothII式）108例,RY组（Roux—en-Y吻合）46例。结果UncutRY组患者手术时间[（132．6±19．2）min]和术后住院时间[（10．4±1．2）d]较RY组[（142．5±11．7）min和（12．1±3．7）d]缩短（P〈0．05）;术后反流性胃炎发生率（3．2％,4／127）较BI组（24．6％,34／138,P〈0．05）和M．BII组（25．9％,28／108,P〈0．05）下降;吻合口溃疡发生率（0／127）较M—BⅡ组（4．6％,5／108,P〈0．05）下降;Roux-en-Y潴留综合征（RSS）发生率（0／127）较RY组（17．4％,8／46,P〈0．05）下降。结论非离断式Roux．en．Y在保留传统Roux—en—Y术式减少碱性反流优点的同时．克服了RSS的弊病,是胃大部切除术后理想的消化道重建术式。     

毕Ⅱ+Braun吻合与毕Ⅱ式吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的疗效对比研究

目的:对比分析毕Ⅱ式+Braun吻合与单纯毕Ⅱ式吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的安全性及有效性,探讨毕Ⅱ+Braun吻合在胃癌根治术中的优势.方法:回顾分析2015年12月至2018年12月74例行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中35例行毕Ⅱ+Braun吻合(毕Ⅱ+Braun组),39例行毕Ⅱ式吻合(毕Ⅱ组).对...     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy following gastrectomy reconstructed with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y method: Case series and literature review

IntroductionThe ideal reconstruction method for pancreaticoduodenectomy following a gastrectomy with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction is unclear. Methods: We reviewed a series of seven pancreaticoduodenectomies performed after gastrectomy with the Billroth II or Roux-en-Y method. Results: While preserving the existing gastrojejunostomy or esophagojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy were performed by the Roux-en-Y method using a new Roux limb in all cases. Four patients experienced postoperative complications, although the specific complications varied.DiscussionA review of the literature revealed 13 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy following gastrectomy with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Three patients out of six (50%) in whom the past afferent limb was used for the reconstruction of the pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy experienced afferent loop syndrome, while 14 previous and current patients in whom a new jejeunal limb was used did not experience this complication.ConclusionThe Roux-en-Y method, using the distal intestine of previous gastrojejunostomy or jejunojejunostomy as a new jejunal limb for pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy, may be a better reconstruction method to avoid the complication of afferent loop syndrome after previous gastrectomy with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction if the afferent limb is less than 40 cm.     

The foregut theory as a possible mechanism of action for the remission of type 2 diabetes in low body mass index patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

BackgroundThe question of whether pure metabolic surgery could be used in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes has been considered. The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effects of the Billroth I (BI) and Billroth II (BII) reconstruction methods on remission of type 2 diabetes in nonobese patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy for cancer.MethodsThe charts of 404 patients who underwent radical subtotal gastrectomy for cancer between January 2008 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. From these patients, 49 with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Diabetes remission rates, the percentage change in fasting plasma glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin levels, body mass index, and fasting total cholesterol levels at 2 years were observed. Outcomes were compared using propensity scores and inverse probability-weighting adjustment that reduced treatment-selection bias. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models were assessed.ResultsThe 2-year diabetes remission rate for the 23 patients who underwent BI reconstruction was 39.1%, compared with 50.0% for the 26 patients who underwent BII reconstruction. At 2 years, the BII group showed lower glycated hemoglobin levels (BI, 6.4%; BII, 6.1%; P = .003) and had greater percent reductions in their average glycated hemoglobin levels from baseline (BI,−11.6%; BII,−14.5%; P = .043). BII reconstruction was significantly associated with an increased diabetes remission rate (odds ratio, 3.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–9.83) in covariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThese propensity score-adjusted analyses of patients who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy indicated that BII reconstruction was associated with increased diabetes remission compared with BI reconstruction during the 2-year follow-up period. This study suggests the possibility of employing the surgical duodenal switch for the treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes patients.     

Roux-en-Y Reconstruction is Superior to Billroth I Reconstruction in Reducing Reflux Esophagitis After Distal Gastrectomy: Special Relationship with the Angle of His

Background  

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the angle of His in Roux-en-Y (RY) or Billroth I (BI) reconstruction and reflux esophagitis after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.     

Clinical Outcome of Pylorus-preserving Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer in Comparison with Conventional Distal Gastrectomy with Billroth I Anastomosis

BACKGROUND: Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) was originally a treatment option in gastric ulcer surgery and is now being performed as a limited surgery in some early gastric cancer cases. This study was designed to evaluate the postoperative functional characteristics of PPG versus conventional distal gastrectomy with Billroth I anastomosis (BI). METHODS: Patients who underwent PPG (study group) between November 1999 and April 2003 were enrolled and BI patients (control group) were matched for number, gender, age, weight, height, stage, and follow-up period. We evaluated postprandial symptoms and nutritional status. Gastric emptying studies with a 99mTc gamma camera, follow-up endoscopies with random biopsies of remnant gastric mucosa to evaluate bile reflux gastritis, and ultrasonography to detect gallbladder stones were performed. Recurrence and survival also were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-two PPG patients (study group) and 17 BI patients (control group) were enrolled. Overall modified Visick scores of postprandial symptoms were lower in PPG patients than in BI patients (0.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.3 +/- 1.4; p = 0.018). Gastric emptying was delayed in PPG patients versus BI patients for solids (p < 0.05). Moderate gastritis, bile reflux, and gallbladder stone were observed only in BI patients. Remnant stomach pathologic findings corresponding to bile reflux gastritis in the two groups were similar, except for Helicobacter pylori colonization. No recurrence occurred in either group (mean follow-up period = 41 +/- 9.5 months). CONCLUSIONS: PPG patients had fewer subjective postprandial symptoms than BI patients. The present study also suggests that PPG has advantages over BI in terms of the avoidance of bile reflux and gallbladder stones.     

Quantitative determinations of duodenogastric reflux,prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection,and concentrations of interleukin-8

Billroth I or II reconstruction after distal gastrectomy often is associated with inflammation in the gastric remnant. We sought to determine which reconstructive procedure was most effective in preventing such remnant gastritis. Patients undergoing curative distal gastrectomy for cancer ( n = 82) were classified as group A (Roux-en- Y, n = 22); group B (Billroth I, n = 40); or group C (Billroth II, n = 20). Interleukin (IL)-8 concentrations in gastric mucosa were measured 3 months after surgery. In the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, IL-8 concentrations were 13, 56, and 87 pg/mg protein in groups A, B, and C, respectively ( p < 0.05). In the presence of H. pylori infection, IL-8 concentrations were 61, 161, and 234 pg/mg protein in groups A, B, and C ( p < 0.01). Roux-en- Y reconstruction is better able to prevent remnant gastritis than either the Billroth I or II procedure as judged from IL-8 concentrations in gastric remnant mucosa.     

Double tract reconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer is effective in reducing reflux esophagitis and remnant gastritis with duodenal passage preservation

Background and aims  

So far, there have been no reports assessing double tract (DT) reconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, which maintains the duodenal passage of food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of DT reconstruction compared with Roux-en-Y (RY) and Billroth I (BI) reconstruction following distal gastrectomy.     

Reconstructive Procedure after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer that Best Prevents Duodenogastroesophageal Reflux

Billroth I and II reconstructions are commonly performed after distal gastrectomy. Both may cause duodenogastric and duodenogastroesophageal reflux, conditions reported to have carcinogenetic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate which reconstructive procedure would most effectively prevent bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy. A group of 92 patients who underwent curative distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were subjected and classified into three groups retrospectively by the reconstructive procedure undertaken: group A, Roux-en-Y (Roux-Y) reconstruction (n = 29); group B, Billroth I reconstruction (n = 41); group C, Billroth II reconstruction (n = 22). The bile reflux periods (percent time) for the gastric remnant and esophagus were measured with the Bilitec 2000 under standardized conditions. The percent time for the gastric remnant was significantly less in group A than in group B or C. In 61% of all patients, bile reflux into the esophagus was found to be more than 5.0% of the time; it was less in group A than in group B or C (p = 0.057). A questionnaire revealed a good correlation between the incidence of reflux symptoms and the percent time for the gastric remnant and esophagus. Roux-Y reconstruction is superior to either Billroth I or II reconstruction for preventing bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy.     

Reconstructive procedure after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer that best prevents duodenogastroesophageal reflux

Billroth I and II reconstructions are commonly performed after distal gastrectomy. Both may cause duodenogastric and duodenogastroesophageal reflux, conditions reported to have carcinogenetic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate which reconstructive procedure would most effectively prevent bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy. A group of 92 patients who underwent curative distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were subjected and classified into three groups retrospectively by the reconstructive procedure undertaken: group A, Roux-en-Y (Roux-Y) reconstruction (n = 29); group B, Billroth I reconstruction (n = 41); group C, Billroth II reconstruction (n = 22). The bile reflux periods (percent time) for the gastric remnant and esophagus were measured with the Bilitec 2000 under standardized conditions. The percent time for the gastric remnant was significantly less in group A than in group B or C. In 61% of all patients, bile reflux into the esophagus was found to be more than 5.0% of the time; it was less in group A than in group B or C (p = 0.057). A questionnaire revealed a good correlation between the incidence of reflux symptoms and the percent time for the gastric remnant and esophagus. Roux-Y reconstruction is superior to either Billroth I or II reconstruction for preventing bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy.     

胃三角吻合术与Billroth I吻合术在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的短期疗效比较

目的：比较胃三角吻合术与Billroth I吻合术在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中短期疗效。 方法：选取解放军总医院2009—2013年间37例行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的早期胃癌患者资料,其中14例行胃三角吻合术（三角吻合组）,23例行Billroth I吻合术（Billroth I吻合组）,比较两组术中及术后的相关指标。 结果：与Billroth I吻合组比较,三角吻合组手术时间延长,但术中出血量降低,止痛泵使用时间、术后排气时间、拆线时间均缩短,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;两组住院时间方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后病理显示,三角吻合组近、远端切缘距肿瘤的平均距离均明显大于Billroth I吻合组（均P<0.05）。两组术后并发症与不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论：三角吻合能一定程度减少腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者的创伤、疼痛,降低腔镜下操作难度及感染的风险,加速患者胃肠道功能恢复。

     

The advantages and disadvantages of a Roux-en-Y reconstruction after a distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

In Japan, the Billroth I and Billroth II operations have been used for reconstruction after a distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, a Roux-en-Y reconstruction is increasingly performed to prevent duodenogastric reflux. We herein discuss the indications for Roux-en-Y in gastric surgery and review the literature to determine its advantages and disadvantages. Indications for Roux-en-Y reconstruction after a distal gastrectomy are: (a) When the primary lesion has directly invaded the duodenum or head of the pancreas, the Billroth I operation is likely to result in local recurrence near the anastomosis; (b) in addition, the Billroth I operation is not indicated after a subtotal gastrectomy due to an unacceptable anastomotic tension; reconstruction using a nonphysiological route is therefore preferred. The advantages of Roux-en-Y reconstruction after a distal gastrectomy include a reduction of reflux gastritis and esophagitis, a decreased probability of gastric cancer recurrence, and a reduction in the incidence of surgical complications such as ruptured suture lines. The disadvantages of Roux-en-Y reconstruction include the possible development of stomal ulcer, an increased probability of cholelithiasis, increased difficulty with an endoscopic approach to the ampulla of Vater, and the possibility of Roux stasis syndrome. The principal advantage of a Roux-en-Y reconstruction is that it is less likely than the Billroth I operation to result in duodenogastric reflux. Roux-en-Y reconstruction or Billroth I operation can only be selected after considering their respective advantages and disadvantages.     

Comparative Study of Diabetes Mellitus Resolution According to Reconstruction Type After Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background

This study was conducted to investigate diabetes mellitus (DM) resolution after gastrectomy according to reconstruction type in gastric cancer patients.

Methods

Two hundred twenty-nine gastric cancer patients with DM who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent from May 2003 to December 2009 were enrolled. Changes in fasting blood sugar concentration and the dosage of oral hyperglycemic agents or insulin were compared between reconstruction types.

Results

The numbers of patients who underwent distal gastrectomy with a Billroth I (BI), Billroth II (BII), Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (RYGJ), or total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (RYEJ) were 119 (51.7%), 54 (23.5%), 40 (17.4%), and 16 (6.9%), respectively. DM remitted in 45 (19.7%) patients: 18 BI patients (15.1%), 11 BII patients (20.3%), 8 RYGJ patients (20.0%), and 8 RYEJ patients (50.0%). DM improved in 85 (37.1%) patients: 41 BI patients (34.4%), 25 BII patients (46.2%), 15 RYGJ patients (37.5%), and 4 RYEJ patients (25.0%). The DM remission or improvement rate was higher in the duodenal bypass group (BII, RYGJ, RYEJ) than in the BI group (67.2% vs. 49.5%, P?=?0.022), and the DM remission rate was higher in the RYEJ group than in the distal gastrectomy group (50.0% vs. 17.3%, P?=?0.002).

Conclusions

Many gastric cancer patients with DM who received a gastrectomy showed remission or improvement of DM. The duodenal bypass group had higher DM remission or improvement rate than the BI group, and the RYEJ group had the highest DM remission rate.