The effects of inspiratory muscle training based on the perceptions of patients with advanced lung disease: a qualitative study

Background

Advanced lung disease is a chronic non-neoplastic disease that compromises activities of daily living. Treatment includes pulmonary rehabilitation and inspiratory muscle training. Studies have shown the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training in lung disease patients, but literature is scarce on the patients’ perceptions about this topic.

Relationship between physical activity and disability in low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

It is often assumed that patients with pain-related disability due to low back pain (LBP) will have reduced physical activity levels, but recent studies have provided results that challenge this assumption. The aim of our systematic review was to examine the relationship between physical activity and disability in LBP. The literature search included 6 electronic databases and the reference list of relevant systematic reviews and studies to May 2010. To be included, studies had to measure both disability (eg, with the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) and physical activity (eg, by accelerometry) in patients with non-specific LBP. Two independent reviewers screened search results and extracted data, and authors were contacted for additional data. Correlation coefficients were pooled using the random-effects model. The search identified 3213 records and 18 studies were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results showed a weak relationship between physical activity and disability in acute or subacute (<3 months) LBP (r = −0.08, 95% confidence interval = −0.17 to 0.002), and a moderate and negative relationship in chronic (>3 months) LBP (r = −0.33, 95% confidence interval = −0.51 to −0.15). That is, persons with acute or subacute LBP appear to vary in the levels of physical activity independent of their pain-related disability. Persons with chronic LBP with high levels of disability are also likely to have low levels of physical activity.     

The addition of respiratory muscle strength training to facilitate swallow and pulmonary rehabilitation following massive tissue loss and severe deconditioning: A case series

IntroductionImpaired respiratory and swallow function in patients with intensive care unit–acquired deconditioning, such as associated with massive tissue loss, is not uncommon and can require prolonged rehabilitation.AimThe aim of the study was to examine the effect of combined inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle strength training (RMST) on respiratory and swallow function in two critical care patients with marked deconditioning after massive tissue loss.MethodsCase 1 was a 19-year-old male patient with 80% body surface area burns; case 2 was a 45-year-old man with group A streptococcus myositis necessitating quadruple amputation. Both required prolonged intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Both received routine intensive pulmonary and swallow rehabilitation before the trial; however, chronic aspiration and poor secretion clearance remained. At 25 and 26 weeks after initial injury, RMST was performed using EMST150 (expiratory) and Threshold IMT (inspiratory) devices, respectively. At baseline and throughout treatment, data collected included peak expiratory flow (PEF), anthropometry measures, aspiration risk (Penetration-Aspiration Scale [PAS]), pharyngeal clearance (Yale Pharyngeal Residue Scale), secretions (New Zealand Secretion Scale [NZSS]), and functional diet (Functional Oral Intake Scale [FOIS]) via endoscopy.Results/discussionAt baseline, the PEF score of case 1 was 41% (predicted age–height norm) and the PEF score of case 2 was 14%, indicating severe expiratory compromise. Both had extreme energy requirements (3300 kcal/day; 3500 kcal/day). The baseline swallowing scores of case 1 and 2 were as follows: PAS, 8 and 8; Yale, 9 and 10; NZSS, 4 and 7; and FOIS, 1 and 1, respectively, indicating profound dysphagia. At week 3 of 7 of RMST, swallow function improved to allow both to commence oral intake, followed by tracheostomy decannulation. At weeks 10 and 11, full dysphagia resolution was achieved (FOIS = 7; PAS = 1, Yale = 2, NZSS = 0), with PEF at 70% and 48% predicted respectively. Both patients continued RMST, and at discharge from the acute facility, PEF was 84% and 80% predicted respectively.ConclusionThe addition of RMST assisted swallow and pulmonary rehabilitation in both cases and was clinically viable to deliver. Controlled validation trials are now required.     

The study of respiratory muscles activation during respiratory muscle strength effort in adult females with chronic neck pain

[Purpose] This study aimed to compare maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) values and muscle activity during MIP and MEP between chronic neck pain and healthy participants. [Participants and Methods] Twenty chronic neck pain and 20 non-symptomatic females participated in this study. Maximal airway pressure (MIP and MEP) and surface electromyography (sEMG) for both sides of the upper trapezius, anterior scalene, pectoralis major and 6th intercostal muscles were recorded simultaneously. [Results] Significant differences of MIP and MEP values were found between the groups. The muscle activities of both sides of upper trapezius and 6th intercostal muscles during MEP were significantly higher in the chronic neck pain group than the healthy group except both sides of anterior scalene and pectoralis major muscles. During MIP, the activities of upper trapezius, 6th intercostal muscles and anterior scalene were significantly different between the two studied groups. Higher activity of left pectoralis major was found in the chronic neck pain group. [Conclusion] Decreasing values of MEP and MIP as well as muscles activities elevation in chronic neck pain participants were clearly demonstrated. Besides the musculoskeletal treatment, we suggest breathing exercise training to be considered in treatment programs.     

吸气肌训练对支气管哮喘患者肺功能影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价吸气肌训练对支气管哮喘(哮喘)患者肺功能的影响。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普网(VIP)等数据库,查找自建库至2023年7月关于吸气肌训练对哮喘患者肺功能影响的随机对照试验。两名研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,按照Cochrane手册评价纳入文献的偏倚风险,然后采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入7篇文献,包括229例受试者。Meta分析结果显示：与对照组相比,吸气肌训练能有效地改善用力肺活量占预计值百分比[MD=10.86,95%CI(4.34,17.38),P=0.001]、呼气峰流速[MD=98.47,95%CI(71.76,125.19),P<0.00001]、和最大呼气压[MD=21.67,95%CI(5.50,37.85),P=0.0009],但对第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比[MD=4.51,95%CI(-3.55,12.56),P=0.27]、一秒率[MD=-2.70,95%CI(-18.71,13.3...     

呼吸肌评估和训练对胸外科手术患者术后呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨呼吸肌评估和训练对胸外科手术患者术后呼吸功能的影响。方法将胸外科80例患者采用软件随机编号法分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上进行呼吸肌评估和训练,比较2组术后呼吸功能、呼吸生活质量。结果观察组术后2周的p(O2)、FCV1高于对照组,p(CO2)低于对照组,胸围差大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后的呼吸生活质量各项评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论呼吸肌评估和训练有利于改善胸外科患者术后的呼吸功能,提高生活质量。     

The effects of physical activity,fast-mimicking diet and psychological interventions on cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundHealth professionals are often asked if non-pharmacological interventions prolong life. This review aims to evaluate the effects of physical activity, fast-mimicking diet (FMD) and psychological interventions on survival in all cancers.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Only RCTs of physical activity, FMD and psychological interventions (including counselling, cognitive and other psychotherapies) in cancer patients that reported survival outcomes were included.Data sourcesCENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to January 2020 were searched without language restrictions. The protocol was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019160944).ResultsThirty-one RCTs (9 on physical activity and 22 on psychological interventions) were included in the final analysis after evaluation of 60,207 records from our initial search. No eligible RCT on FMD was reported. RCTs on group psychological interventions (41.9 %) and in patients with breast cancer (38.7 %) were the most common. Most evaluated short-term interventions and in primary or adjuvant settings. Only one of 9 (11 %) RCTs on physical activity and 8 of 22 (36 %) RCTs on psychological interventions were associated with improved overall survival. Only group psychological interventions in breast cancer had adequate number of RCTs to allow a meta-analysis to be performed. It demonstrated a trend towards improved overall survival (HR -0.20, 95 %CI -0.49 to 0.10), particularly in RCTs that evaluated long-term (>6 months) therapies (HR -0.29, 95 %CI -0.59 to 0.01).ConclusionLonger term interventions starting early in the patients’ care journey in primary and adjuvant settings have shown the most promise for improving survival. Better designed RCTs including survival outcomes are particularly needed in non-breast cancers.     

A systematic review of physical activity in prostate cancer survivors: outcomes, prevalence, and determinants

INTRODUCTION: We reviewed physical activity (PA) studies in prostate cancer (PC) survivors investigating (a) the effects of PA on health outcomes, (b) the prevalence of PA, and (c) the determinants of PA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the literature identified nine studies on the outcomes of PA, six studies on the prevalence of PA, and four studies on the determinants of PA in PC survivors. RESULTS: Results showed promising effects of PA on muscular fitness, physical functioning, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. The prevalence of PA varied widely from <30% to >70%, depending on the type of measure used. PA in PC survivors was predicted by motivational variables such as intentions, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. CONCLUSION: Although preliminary research is promising, there remains a significant amount of research to be done on the role of PA in PC survivors. Moreover, future research would benefit from larger samples using randomized controlled trial methodology.     

全身振动训练对老年肌少症患者下肢肌力和活动能力的影响

目的:探讨全身振动训练对老年肌少症患者下肢肌力和活动能力的影响。方法:选取60例老年肌少症患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上配合全身振动训练,每周干预5次,2组均干预12周。比较2组干预前后5次起坐试验时间、Berg平衡量表评分及6m步速变化情况。结果:治疗后,2组Berg平衡量表评分及6m步速均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),5次起坐试验时间减少(P<0.05);治疗后观察组与对照组比较,观察组治疗后Berg平衡量表评分及6m步速明显提高(P<0.05),5次起坐试验时间明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:全身振动训练对老年肌少症患者下肢肌力、平衡及活动能力均有明显改善作用,可作为防治老年肌少症患者有效干预措施。     

术前呼吸功能训练对脊柱手术患者肺功能的影响

目的探讨术前呼吸功能训练对脊柱手术患者改善肺功能的影响。方法选取2006年3月—2007年9月拟行脊柱手术患者50例,术前1～4周指导患者实施呼吸功能训练,观察训练前后患者肺功能改善情况。结果训练后患者的肺活量百分比（VC,%）、用力肺活量又称时间肺活量（FVC,%）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1.0,%）、最大通气量百分比（MVV,%）及血氧饱和度（SaO2,%）较训练前均有不同程度提高（P均〈0.01）。结论术前呼吸功能训练能有效改善患者的肺功能,提高患者对手术的耐受性有利于患者手术后的及时康复。     

In-hospital physiotherapy improves physical activity level after lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesPatients undergoing lung cancer surgery are routinely offered physiotherapy. Despite its routine use, effects on postoperative physical recovery have yet not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether physiotherapy could improve postoperative in-hospital physical activity level and physical capacity.DesignSingle-blind randomized controlled trial.SettingThoracic surgery department at a University Hospital.ParticipantsPatients undergoing elective thoracic surgery (n = 94) for confirmed or suspected lung cancer were assessed during hospital stay.InterventionDaily physiotherapy, consisting of mobilization, ambulation, shoulder exercises and breathing exercises. The control group received no physiotherapy treatment.OutcomesIn-hospital physical activity assessed with the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer, six-minute walk test, spirometry and dyspnea scores.ResultsThe treatment group reached significantly more accelerometer counts (2010 (1508) vs 1629 (1146), mean difference 495 [95% CI 44 to 1109]), and steps per hour (49 (47) vs 37 (34), mean difference 14 [95% CI 3 to 30]), compared to the control group, during the first three postoperative days. No significant differences in six-minute walk test (percent of preoperative 71% vs 79%, P = 0.13), spirometry (FEV1 percent of preoperative 69% vs 69%, P = 0.83) or dyspnoea (M-MRC 2 vs 2, P = 0.74) between the groups were found.ConclusionsPatients receiving in-hospital physiotherapy showed increased level of physical activity during the first days after lung cancer surgery, compared to an untreated control group. However, no effects on the six-minute walk test or spirometric values were found. The clinical importance of an increased physical activity level during the early postoperative period needs to be further evaluated.
Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT01961700.     

Short period of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training improves inspiratory muscle strength in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundChronic kidney disease is a complex disease that impacts multiple organs and systems (including musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory) leading to reduction of functional capacity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a short period of high intensity inspiratory muscle training on maximum inspiratory pressure, functional capacity and endothelial function of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial enrolled 25 patients who were allocated into two groups: intervention (IMTG = 14) and control (CG = 11) groups. Intervention patients received the exercise protocol over a period of 5 weeks, 6 times per week, with each session consisting of 5 sets of 10 repetitions with an initial load of 50% progressing to 70% of maximum inspiratory pressure , measured weekly. The primary outcome was inspiratory muscle strength and the secondary outcomes were functional capacity and endothelial function evaluated before and after the training protocol.ResultsThe inspiratory muscle training induced a marked improvement in maximum inspiratory pressure which was evident after the training period (mean difference 19.0 cmH₂O – 95%CI 0.4–37.5; IMTG: 102 ± 25.7 cmH₂O vs CG: 83 ± 19.2; p = 0.046). The magnitude of maximum inspiratory pressure improvement was 33.5% at the end of the protocol for the IMTG. Functional capacity and endothelial function did not vary between or within groups.ConclusionA short period of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training for five weeks was able to improve inspiratory muscle strength of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT03082404).     

超高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸肌锻炼效果研究

目的探讨呼吸肌功能锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonaly disease,COPD）康复期患者动脉血气及肺功能的影响。方法选择2008年5月-2009年1月接受治疗的超高龄COPD缓解期患者45例,进行腹式呼吸训练和缩唇呼吸训练,观察患者肺功能及动脉血气的变化。结果呼吸操训练3-6个月后患者的第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比（FEV1／FVC）和二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、氧分压（PaO2）的差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论呼吸肌功能锻炼能有效的改善超高龄COPD患者的动脉血气和肺功能。     

阈值负荷吸气肌训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸功能、运动功能及生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的 系统分析阈值负荷吸气肌训练(TIMT)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者呼吸、运动功能及生活质量的影响。方法 从PubMed、EBSCO、Web of Science、Ovid、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网和维普数据库检索自建库至2020年9月关于TIMT对COPD患者呼吸、运动功能及生活质量影响的随机对照试验(RCT)。由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入30个RCT,2 060例患者。TIMT能显著增加最大吸气压(MD=10.68, 95%CI 7.43～13.92, P <0.001),改善6分钟步行试验结果(MD=24.62, 95%CI 9.09～40.15, P=0.002)、圣乔治呼吸疾病问卷评分(MD=-3.08, 95%CI-5.84～-0.33, P=0.03)、改良英国医学会研究协会呼吸困难量表评分(MD=-0.30,95%CI-0.52～-0.07, P=0.01)和Borg评分(MD=-0.84, 95%CI-1.24～-0.44, P &...     

呼吸肌功能锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者生活质量及肺功能的影响

目的 探讨呼吸肌功能锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)缓解期患者生活质量及肺功能的影响.方法 选取COPD缓解期患者110例,由专科护士指导其进行呼吸肌功能锻炼.记录锻炼前后患者的呼吸及心跳频率变化情况、FEV1％、FEVl/FVC、肺活量、最大通气量、时间通气量以及氧分压.由医护人员及患者共同完成生活质量评定量表的测评.结果 经过呼吸肌功能锻炼,患者的呼吸频率及心跳频率较锻炼前均有所下降,呼吸功能得到有效改善,生活质量得到有效提升.各项指标锻炼前后比较差异显著.结论 呼吸肌功能锻炼可以有效改善COPD缓解期患者生活质量及肺功能,值得临床推广.