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恶性肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的公共卫生问题之一,具有多样性、复杂性和死亡率高等特点,已成为学术界关注的热点与难点。异质性为恶性肿瘤的主要特征之一,影响肿瘤发生、发展、转移和治疗等。随着人类基因组计划的完成和测序技术的不断发展,单细胞测序技术已应用于多个生物医学领域,且在分析肿瘤细胞亚群、揭示细胞异质性和研究肿瘤的发生、演变及耐药性等方面具有独特的优势,为探索恶性肿瘤的临床诊治和预后判断等提供新方法和新思路。本文主要对单细胞测序技术的发展及其在恶性肿瘤研究中的应用予以综述。 相似文献
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乳腺癌是全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,也是女性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。越来越多的研究表明乳腺癌是一种高度异质性疾病,传统高通量测序技术对乳腺癌的发生发展、精确分型、诊断及治疗方面提供了重要参考,但仍有局限性,无法揭示肿瘤内异质性。与传统测序技术相比,单细胞测序技术在灵敏度、准确度和工作效率方面都得到极大的提高,该技术可以分析复杂混合细胞中单个细胞的分子生物学信息,应用在肿瘤异质性方面展现出极大的优越性。包括从单细胞层面解析乳腺癌转录组图谱、探索乳腺癌微环境异质性、探索乳腺癌转移与耐药发生机制、探索乳腺癌克隆异质性及其演化研究。本文对近年来单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌中的相关研究进展进行综述,旨在为乳腺癌单细胞测序技术研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
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乳腺癌是全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,也是女性癌症相关致死的主要原因之一。乳腺癌是一种高度异质性的疾病,肿瘤间异质性和肿瘤内异质性使得精准分型治疗工作进展缓慢。传统高通量测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的应用已为揭示乳腺癌的发生、发展、驱动基因、精确分型、诊断及治疗方面提供了重要参考,但仍有局限性,无法揭示肿瘤内异质性。近年来兴起的单细胞测序技术在灵敏度、准确度和效率方面都得到了极大的提高,研究人员可以分析复杂混合细胞中的单个细胞的分子生物学信息,该技术在研究肿瘤异质性方面展现出极大的优越性。近年来,单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的应用已有多项重要研究成果发表,包括从单细胞层面解析乳腺癌转录组图谱、探索乳腺癌微环境异质性、探索乳腺癌耐药发生机制、探索乳腺癌克隆异质性及克隆演化研究,以及综合挖掘单细胞公共数据资源揭示乳腺癌异质性。本文对近年来单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌中的应用相关前沿重要研究进行综述并深入思考,旨在为乳腺癌研究者应用单细胞测序技术提供参考,促进单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的广泛应用。 相似文献
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由于细胞强异质性的存在,血液肿瘤细胞呈现多样性,而这种多样性根源于基因层面的改变。随着精准医学时代的到来,对于基因层面的研究越来越依赖于层出不穷的二代测序技术。过去十几年的深度测序技术着重于细胞群体层面的整体分析,不能深入区分异质性的肿瘤细胞差异化的生命活动。近年来新兴的单细胞测序技术大大促进了血液肿瘤异质性研究的发展。本文着重介绍血液肿瘤发生发展和治疗耐药性中的细胞异质性及其分子机制,以及利用单细胞测序技术开发更精细层次的标志物、评估临床实验有效性和安全性方面的研究进展,并对其发展前景做了简要展望。 相似文献
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单细胞转录组学、基因组学、表观基因组学、多组学等单细胞测序(single cell sequencing,sc-Seq)技术是一种在单细胞水平上研究细胞基因表达和功能变化的强大研究工具。随着sc-Seq技术在食管癌研究中的广泛应用,其将改变人们对食管癌细胞生物学特征的理解,为更精准地从分子层面阐述食管癌的发生、发展和转移的机制,提高其诊断及个体化治疗的水平做出重大贡献。本文就sc-Seq技术在食管癌的发生、发展机制、诊疗和预后相关标志物、免疫治疗及放化疗中的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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肿瘤异质性是实体瘤组织的重要特征之一,其多样性和复杂性给实体瘤的基础研究和临床诊治带来了极大的困难。因此,鉴别实体瘤内及其微环境中不同的细胞亚群及与之相关的基因表达水平就显得十分重要。单细胞测序技术是利用DNA二代测序技术对单个细胞的DNA、RNA或DNA甲基化水平进行分析,分别揭示其基因组、转录组和表观遗传学特征,了解单个细胞功能和所处的状态。单细胞测序分析不仅能进一步鉴定实体瘤内细胞的异质性,还有助于阐明肿瘤发生、发展、转移、耐药和免疫逃逸等分子作用机制,从而使实体瘤的临床诊治和转归预测变得更加准确。简要总结目前单细胞测序技术的发展,对单细胞测序在实体瘤研究中的应用与进展进行综述。 相似文献
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乳腺癌占全部女性癌症的17.1%,位于中国女性癌症发病率首位。尽管目前根据乳腺癌分子分型采用的个体化治疗策略使乳腺癌治疗取得了阶段性突破,但是肿瘤异质性、耐药、转移等问题依然阻碍我们进一步提升临床疗效。单细胞转录组测序是一项能在单细胞水平上进行无偏倚、高通量、高分辨率全转录组学分析的新技术。该技术能以单细胞分辨率分析肿瘤内部基因表达特征,对认识乳腺癌具有不可替代的作用。就单细胞测序技术在肿瘤异质性、肿瘤微环境、转移、耐药等方面的应用进行综述,以期更加深刻地了解该技术并为乳腺癌研究提供全新思路。 相似文献
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由于多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞及其微环境的高度异质性,导致其诊断和治疗方面面临巨大挑战。单细胞测序(sc-Seq)技术是一种以单个细胞为测试对象,分析其细胞内遗传信息的研究工具,近年来sc-Seq 在MM研究及治疗中广泛应用,为其更精准的诊断及个体化治疗作出了重要贡献。本文论述了近年来sc-Seq 技术在MM细胞异质性、免疫微环境、生物标志物及其在精准诊疗等方面应用的研究进展,为MM的基础与临床诊疗研究提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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头颈部肿瘤颈部放疗后,会引起甲状腺功能减退(hypothyroidism,HT),5年发生率于20%~60%之间。本文综述了放疗剂量-体积参数、年龄、放射技术、性别等因素与放射治疗引起的甲状腺功能减退(radiation-induced hypothyroidism,RIHT)的关系,以及产生的机制。甲状腺的剂量-体积阈值相关研究很多,但结论不一,不能明确定义。但共识是较高的甲状腺剂量和较小的甲状腺体积会增加RIHT的发生率,年龄、放射技术、性别会对RIHT的发生有影响。需大量前瞻性大样本进一步研究来开发更多的正常组织并发症概率 (normal tissue complication probability,NTCP)模型及探讨下丘脑-垂体轴和RIHT之间的关系。 相似文献
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Magnetic resonance imaging has revolutionized the imaging of head and neck malignancies and is now rapidly replacing computed tomography as the study of choice in the majority of lesions in the head, neck, larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, paranasal sinuses, paranasopharynx, and skull base. CT scanning can be used in the same region; however, inflammation obtained in CT is not as clearly demonstrated and in some situations, such as malignancies of the tongue, the lesions may be missed entirely. There are still occasional difficult clinical problems when the two studies are complementary, but this situation will definitely be rare. 相似文献
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PD Correa S Arya SG Laskar SK Shrivastava KA Dinshaw T Gupta JP Agarwal 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2005,49(2):113-118
Limited information is available about the sonomorphological changes in metastatic neck nodes during radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of sonomorphological changes in metastatic neck nodes with radiotherapy. The study population consisted of 16 consecutive patients planned for radical radiotherapy to the head and neck. All patients were subjected to four ultrasound examinations: before therapy, at 46 Gy, at the conclusion of radiation and at first follow up. A total of 59 ultrasound examinations were performed on 16 patients. The difference between the mean number of nodes detected per patient before (10.6) and after (7.8) radiation was significant (P = 0.05). Sixteen nodes were categorized as malignant at first sonography, half of which reverted back to normal by the end of radiation. Changes in the sonomorphology of malignant cervical lymph nodes occur with radiotherapy with more that half demonstrating reversion to normal pattern. Future studies correlating this with histopathology should be considered. 相似文献
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Ototoxicity after radiotherapy for head and neck tumors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bhandare N Antonelli PJ Morris CG Malayapa RS Mendenhall WM 《International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics》2007,67(2):469-479
PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of radiation-induced ototoxicity according to the total dose delivered to specific parts of the auditory system, fractionation, and chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Records of 325 patients treated for primary extracranial head and neck tumors with curative intent who received radiotherapy between 1964 and 2000 (median follow-up, 5.4 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstructions of the treatment plans were generated to estimate the doses received by components of the auditory system. RESULTS: Radiotherapy-induced morbidity developed in 41.8% of patients (external ear, 33.2%; middle ear, 28.6%; and inner ear, 26.8%). Univariate/multivariate analyses indicate that total dose received by parts of the auditory system seem to be significant, though fractionation and chemoradiation may contribute to the incidence of ototoxicities. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was observed in 49 patients (15.1%). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age (p = 0.0177 and p = 0.005) and dose to cochlea (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) were significant, and chemoradiation (p = 0.0281 and p = 0.006) may increase the incidence of SNHL. Five-year and 10-year actuarial risk of clinically overt SNHL increased to 37% (p > 0.0001) above doses of 60.5 Gy compared to 3% at doses below 60.5 Gy. For patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, clinically overt SNHL increased to 30% compared to 18% in the no-chemotherapy group at 10 years (p = 0.0281). CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy toxicity was observed in all parts of the auditory system with median doses for incidence varying between 60 Gy to 66 Gy. Total dose to organ seems to be a significant factor though fractionation and chemo-radiation may contribute to ototoxicities. 相似文献
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目的 探讨头颈部肿瘤组织中细胞程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)的表达情况及临床意义。方法 将2015 年1 月至2016年6月收治的40例头颈部恶性肿瘤组织及20例头颈部囊肿组织的手术标本经包埋制作成蜡块,采用免疫组织化学SP二步法检测以上组织中的PD-L1蛋白表达情况,分析PD-L1表达水平与临床病理参数(年龄、性别、病理分化程度和临床分期)的关系。结果PD-L1在头颈部囊肿组织中不表达,头颈部肿瘤组织中的阳性表达率为65.0%(26/40),高于头颈部囊肿组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PD-L1表达与年龄、性别及病理分化程度无关(P>0.05),而与患者的临床分期有关(P<0.05)。结论 PD-L1在头颈部恶性肿瘤组织中表达升高,可为头颈部恶性肿瘤的免疫靶向治疗提供参考。 相似文献
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味觉作为人类的五大感官之一,与我们的生活密不可分,在头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗过程中易受到损害,进而影响患者生活质量及预后。本文就放疗相关味觉障碍的流行病学特征、发病机制、影响因素、评估以及预防诊治等进行阐述,并探讨放疗相关味觉障碍的研究进展,为提高头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放疗全程中的生活质量提供新思路。 相似文献
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M V Pilepich J E Munzenrider J B Rene 《International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics》1979,5(2):249-252
A group of 95 patients with advanced squamous carcinomas of the head and neck area received split-course radiotherapy with palliative intent. The fractionation scheme comprised three separate courses, 2–3 weeks apart. During the first course, the patients received 800 rad on the first day and 400 rad on the second and third days. The second and third courses consisted of 2000 rad given in five treatments. Fields were smaller than those used in patients who are treated radically. The spinal cord and larynx were shielded whenever possible.Although meaningful palliation was observed in the majority of patients, the observed local control rate was low. Acute radiation related morbidity was mild to moderate in most cases. Late sequelae appear acceptable in a few long term survivors whose small number, however, precludes meaningul conclusions.Split-course irradiation using a large “priming” dose appears to be an effective means of palliation which can be achieved with a greatly reduced number of fractions and with acceptable treatment related morbidity. However, the advantage of this type of fractionation in achieving local tumor control could not be substantiated. 相似文献