冷圈套息肉切除术与热圈套息肉切除术治疗结直肠小息肉疗效比较的Meta分析

目的 系统性评价冷圈套息肉切除术（CSP）与热圈套息肉切除术（HSP）治疗结直肠小息肉的有效性和安全性,并进行Meta分析。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Librabry、中国知网、万方数据和维普网等6个数据库,筛选研究CSP和HSP治疗结直肠息肉疗效的前瞻性随机对照试验（RCT）。采用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行分析,指标包括：息肉切除率、标本回收率、术后并发症和手术时间。结果 20项RCT纳入该研究,包含4 103例患者,6 890枚息肉。其中,CSP 3 452枚,HSP 3 438枚。CSP与HSP息肉完整切除率比较,差异无统计学意义（RR＾ = 1.00,95%CI：0.98～1.01,P = 0.596）;CSP与HSP整块切除率比较,差异无统计学意义（RR＾ = 0.98,95%CI：0.95～1.01,P = 0.222）。CSP与HSP标本回收率比较,差异无统计学意义（RR＾ = 1.00,95%CI：0.99～1.01,P = 0.824）。术后并发症（术中出血、迟发性出血及穿孔）：CSP术中出血风险高于HSP（RR＾ = 1.66,95%CI：1.24～2.24,P = 0.001）,CSP迟发性出血风险低于HSP（RR＾ = 0.31,95%CI：0.16～0.63,P = 0.001）,CSP与HSP穿孔发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（RR＾ = 0.33,95%CI：0.09～1.22,P = 0.097）。手术时间：CSP总操作时间短于HSP（MD = -7.15,95%CI：-8.25～-6.06,P = 0.000）,CSP息肉切除时间短于HSP（MD = -1.86,95%CI：-2.85～-0.86,P = 0.000）。结论 CSP切除结直肠小息肉的疗效与HSP相当,但能降低迟发性出血发生率,缩短手术时间,值得在临床推广应用。     

冷圈套切除术治疗≤1.0cm结直肠息肉的有效性和安全性

目的 探讨冷圈套切除术(CSP)与热圈套切除术(HSP)治疗直径≤1.0 cm结直肠息肉的有效性和安全性.方法 选取2018年6月-2020年3月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院因结直肠息肉(直径≤1.0 cm)行内镜下切除治疗的1403例患者作为研究对象,分为CSP组(n=213)和HSP组(n=1190),比较两组钛夹...     

内镜息肉冷切除术治疗结直肠小息肉的临床效果

目的 研究内镜息肉冷切除术（CSP）治疗结直肠小息肉的临床效果。方法 选取2020年1月－2022年1月该院收治的118例结直肠小息肉（直径≤10 mm）患者作为研究对象,采用随机抛硬币法分为对照组（n = 59）和观察组（n = 59）,对照组采用内镜息肉热圈套切除术（HSP）治疗,观察组采用内镜CSP治疗,比较两组患者息肉切除情况、手术指标、息肉切除率、术中、术后并发症和复发情况等。结果 观察组手术操作时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;观察组组织学完整切除率和直径1～5 mm息肉切除率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;观察组术中出血率、术后2周出血率和内镜下止血率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 内镜CSP治疗结直肠小息肉,手术操作时间短,息肉切除率高,术中和术后并发症少,是一种安全、有效的治疗方式。     

冷圈套器切除术治疗右半结肠浅表型息肉的安全性分析

目的 观察冷圈套器切除术与热圈套器切除术治疗右半结肠浅表型（即巴黎分型0-Ⅱa型）息肉的应用效果。方法 纳入110例右半结肠息肉患者,随机分为对照组和研究组,各55例,研究组采用冷圈套器切除术,对照组采用热圈套器切除术,分析两组患者治疗和随访情况。结果 研究组与对照组内镜下完全切除率分别为97.10%和95.65%,术中和术后均未出现出血和穿孔等并发症,研究组术后无持续性腹痛,对照组有3例患者可能是电凝综合征或注射针穿透损伤肠壁,引起局限持续性腹痛,最长达1个月。研究组治疗时间短于对照组,治疗费用少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 冷圈套器切除术治疗 < 1 cm的右半结肠0-Ⅱa型息肉,较热圈套器切除术操作更便捷,内镜下切除率高,操作中避免了电刀电凝及注射针注射引起的透壁性损伤风险,降低了术后持续腹痛发生率,不增加出血和穿孔的风险,治疗过程安全,治疗时间短,费用低,临床疗效好。值得临床推广应用。     

日间病房模式的内镜息肉冷切除术治疗老年人结直肠息肉的临床效果

目的 探讨日间病房模式下,采用内镜息肉冷切除术治疗老年人结直肠息肉的有效性、安全性和满意度。方法 选取2020年3月-2021年3月在该院行肠息肉切除术的454例老年患者作为研究对象,将患者分为3组：日间病房冷切除组、日间病房热切除组和普通病房冷切除组。比较3组患者的临床特征、手术并发症、息肉复发率、住院时间、住院费用和住院满意度。结果 3组患者临床特征、组织病理学和术后并发症（出血、穿孔和复发率）比较,差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;冷切除组的即刻出血率较高,电凝综合征为热切除组独有,热切除组的金属夹使用人数最多,普通病房冷切除组使用最少;日间病房组的住院时间短于普通病房组,费用低于普通病房组,但患者满意度方面,日间病房组低于普通病房组,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 日间病房模式下,采用内镜息肉冷切除术治疗老年人结直肠息肉,安全、经济和有效。但是,由于在短时间内缺乏与患者的病情沟通,反而会导致患者住院满意度下降。     

内镜下分片冷切除术治疗最大径≥20 mm结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤的安全性和有效性

目的 评价内镜下分片冷切除术治疗最大径≥20 mm结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）的安全性和有效性。方法 前瞻性纳入2021年11月至2022年6月接受诊治的最大径≥20 mm的结直肠LST患者。病变黏膜下注射染色剂后，采用圈套器进行内镜下分片冷切除。主要研究终点指标为内镜切除术后6个月病变复发率；次要研究终点指标为不良事件（如出血、穿孔）发生率等。结果 共13例患者纳入研究，病灶平均最大径为2.3(2～3.3) cm。13例肿瘤均成功完成内镜下分片冷切除，平均分片4.2(2～7)片，手术平均时间为16.1(7～31)min。术中出血1例，经金属夹夹闭成功止血；未出现深层损伤、迟发性出血和迟发性穿孔。所有患者均于术后第6个月接受监测性结肠镜检查，均未发现局部复发及远处转移。结论 内镜下分片冷切除术治疗最大径≥20 mm结直肠LST安全、有效。     

Incidence and predictors of bleeding or thrombosis after polypectomy in patients receiving and not receiving anticoagulation therapy

Summary. Background and aims: To assess the effect of warfarin anticoagulation therapy (AC) on the incidence of colon bleeding after elective colonoscopy with polypectomy and to identify independent predictors of post‐polypectomy colon bleeding. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis. Patients interrupting warfarin AC therapy for polypectomy (AC group) were matched on age (± 3 years) with up to two patients who underwent polypectomy but were not receiving AC (non‐AC group). Data were extracted from electronic medical, pharmacy and laboratory claims and records and manual medical chart review. Incidence rates of colon bleeding requiring hospitalization, other gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombosis and death in the 30 days post‐polypectomy were compared between groups. Multivariate regression techniques were used to identify independent predictors of post‐polypectomy colon bleeding. Results: A total of 425 AC group patients were matched to 800 non‐AC group patients. Post‐polypectomy colon bleeding occurred more often in AC group patients (2.6% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.005). There were no differences in the rates of other outcomes (P > 0.05). Independent predictors of colon bleeding included AC group status [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3–57.3], number of polyps removed (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.4) and male gender (AOR = 9.2, 95% CI = 1.1–74.9). Conclusions: The incidence of post‐polypectomy colon bleeding was higher in patients receiving AC even although warfarin was interrupted for the procedure. Independent predictors of colon bleeding were identified as: receiving AC, removal of multiple polyps and male gender. Our findings suggest that additional methods to reduce the likelihood of post‐polypectomy colon bleeding in AC patients should be investigated.     

In situ formation of the loop snare technique for retrieval of foreign bodies from vessels

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of in situ formation of the loop snare technique for retrieval of foreign bodies from vessels.Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed in situ formation of the loop snare technique for retrieval of foreign bodies in 6 patients. After placing the guide wire and the loop of the gooseneck snare on each side of the tubes, the soft tip of the guide wire was caught with the gooseneck snare to form a new loop structure. The foreign body was retrieved with the new loop snare by combining the gooseneck snare and the guide wire. We reviewed the application of this technique in 6 patients with fractured central venous catheters without free ends.Results: With in situ formation of the loop snare technique, the internal ruptured catheter was successfully removed from all of the 6 patients in about 2 to 4 min. There were no complications such as arrhythmia or heart valve injury in the 6 patients with the distal end of the fragment in the pulmonary artery or right atrium.Conclusion: The in situ formation loop snare technique is an effective and fast means of retrieving tubular foreign bodies without free ends from vessels. Further research is needed to investigate the practical utility of the method for retrieval of all kinds of foreign bodies.     

自制新型内镜多功能圈套器在离体/活体猪胃肠道内镜电切术中的应用评估

目的：探讨自制新型内镜多功能圈套器在动物离体及活体胃肠道内镜电切术中应用的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法：采用自制新型内镜多功能圈套器对离体猪胃、离体猪肠、体猪胃、活体猪肠直径约1 cm的模拟病变进行电切,电切功率分为低、中、高3种（20 W、30 W、40 W）,采用氩气烧灼创面止血。观察记录完整切除率、1周后创面愈合情况（活体实验）、有无术中及围手术期并发症。切除病变及创面送病理检测,观察有无固有肌层损伤。结果：离体猪胃手术中,9处模拟病变均完整切除;低功率（20 W）下,自制新型内镜多功能圈套器对离体猪肠病变切除效果最佳,中功率及高功率下使用后结痂较明显,影响进一步使用。离体实验中肉眼及病理观察创面均未见固有肌层损伤。活体猪胃手术中,9处病变采用自制新型内镜多功能圈套器均完整切除,术后1周观察创面未见穿孔及出血;活体猪肠手术中,15处病变均完整切除,术后1周观察均有不同程度愈合,创面未见并发症,其中1处病变病理见固有肌层损伤(6.7%, 1/15)。结论：自制新型多功能圈套器在猪胃肠电切术中应用安全有效,肠道手术建议设置20 W的低功率作为手术功率。     

冷圈套治疗结直肠小息肉安全性和有效性的Meta分析

目的 探讨冷圈套切除结直肠小息肉(<10 mm)的安全性和有效性.方法 检索Embase、PubMed、The Cochrane Library、中国知网和万方等数据库自建库开始至2020年3月冷圈套切除≤10 mm息肉的临床随机对照试验(RCT).文献包含从息肉切除后创面边缘再次获得标本评估完整切除率,并报道了并发症...     

Self-Entwinement of an Active Fixation Pacemaker Electrode

We report a case in which an active fixation atrial lead tip became entwined on the proximal lead body during implantation. It was not possible to disengage the tip or to remove the resultant lead loop atraumatically through the insertion site. Removal of the lead was accomplished using a Dotter intravascular snare inserted via a femoral vein, with subsequent successful implantation of a new lead. This unusual technique-related complication emphasizes the need for meticulous fluoroscopic visualization during lead manipulation.     

圈套器在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨圈套器在胆囊管增粗或胆囊三角分离困难时腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopiccholecys-tectomy,LC)中的临床应用及其适应证,优越性和方法。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术中由于种种原因导致胆囊管部位增粗或与周围组织致密粘连,应用钛夹或可吸收夹不能夹闭或预期不能夹闭时,可应用圈套器行胆囊管部位的结扎。结果249例病人,无1例发生出血、黄疸、胆瘘及胆道损伤,仅有1例发生胆囊管残端残余结石。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术中因胆囊三角解剖困难,逆行切除胆囊时;或因胆囊管增粗或胆囊管与周围组织致密粘连致不能应用钛夹夹闭时,应用圈套器安全可行,优势明显。     

鼻息肉摘除并鼻内筛窦切除术联合治疗鼻息肉临床疗效观察及安全性评估

目的观察鼻息肉摘除并鼻内筛窦切除术联合治疗鼻息肉的临床疗效及安全性。方法将2011年1月-2012年12月本院收治的鼻息肉患者80例纳入研究（观察组），均给予鼻息肉摘除术联合筛窦切除术，观察治疗效果、术后并发症及1年复发情况，并与黄远红、李峰、李卫平等文献资料进行比较。结果观察组治愈率（75％）明显高于对照组（x^2分别为4．365、4．342、5．321，P均〈0．05）；总有效率（97．5％）明显高于李峰组（x^2=3．846，P〈0．05）；并发症发生率（2．5％）明显低于李卫平组、黄远红组、李峰组（x^2分别为5．365、9．126、10．324，P均〈0．05）；复发率（1．25％）明显低于黄远红组、李卫平组（x^2分别为18．365、24．321，P〈0．01）。结论鼻息肉摘除并鼻内筛窦切除术有助于减少并发症、缓解术后疼痛、预防术后复发，临床治疗效果较好。     

Transfemoral Snaring and Stabilization of Pacemaker and Defibrillator Leads to Maintain Vascular Access During Lead Extraction

Background: Lead extraction is an effective method for removing pacemaker and defibrillator leads and to obtain venous access when central veins are occluded. Objective: We report a series of patients who required lead extraction and preservation of vascular access requiring a vascular snare introduced from the femoral vein to provide traction on the lead. This technique allowed advancement of the extraction sheath beyond the level of vascular occlusion, preserving vascular access in all patients. Methods: All patients had peripheral contrast venography performed immediately prior to the procedure to identify the site(s) of venous occlusion. An extraction sheath was employed and with direct manual traction, the lead tip pulled free from the myocardial surface prior to advancement of the sheath beyond the occlusion. A transfemoral snare was used to grasp the distal portion of the lead and traction was used to immobilize the lead. Results: In all patients, transfemoral snaring of the leads was necessary to allow safe advancement of a sheath to open the occluded venous system. There were no complications in any of the patients. Conclusion: Our series demonstrates the simple and safe technique of transfemoral lead snaring to assist lead extraction and maintain vascular access in the setting of venous occlusion, when the distal lead tip pulls free of the myocardium before an extraction sheath is passed beyond the point of venous obstruction.     

内镜黏膜冷切除术和热切除术在结直肠6~10 mm无蒂息肉治疗中的疗效对比

目的：探讨黏膜下注射后内镜黏膜冷切除术和黏膜热切除术在治疗结直肠直径6~10 mm无蒂息肉中的疗效。方法：选取2016年1月至2017年6月江阴市中医院收治的因结直肠无蒂息肉（6~10 mm）拟行内镜切除的110例患者，共131枚息肉，随机分为冷切除组和热切除组。所有患者均于术中采用靛胭脂、生理盐水混合液进行黏膜下注射。分析2组患者病变完整切除率、手术时间、手术相关并发症发生率（包括术中出血或穿孔及术后1个月内迟发性出血或穿孔）及术后半年内息肉残留或复发率。结果：冷切除组55例患者，共62枚息肉，热切除组55例，共69枚息肉。2组息肉大小、位置、内镜形态和病理类型差异无统计学意义。冷切除组平均手术时间较热切除组明显缩短[（2.2±1.1）min vs（3.6±1.4）min，P<0.001]。冷切除组息肉完整切除率为95.2%，热切除组息肉完整切除率为91.3%，差异无统计学意义（P=0.599）。冷切除组术中出血1例，术后出血1例；热切除组术中出血2例，术中穿孔1例，术后出血1例，2组并发症差别无统计学意义（P=0.675）。术后半年复查肠镜，无息肉残留或复发。结论：黏膜下注射后内镜黏膜冷切除术是传统冷切除术的有效改良，可作为结直肠6~10 mm无蒂息肉的有效切除方式。     

电子胃镜介导治疗胃石症的方法探讨

目的探讨电子胃镜介导下选择不同的器械治疗胃石的方法、效果及其安全性。方法在该院接受电子胃镜检查的34218人次中检出胃石症71例（检出率为0．2％），根据具体情况选择适当的器械，包括五爪钳、鼠齿钳、异物网篮和圈套器等，在电子胃镜下进行治疗，观察其疗效。结果碎石成功率为100％，平均治疗时间36min。63．4％用五爪钳直接破碎。11．3％直接用网篮或圈套器拖出，23．9％用异物钳与圈套器配合破碎或拖出，其中催吐后再次胃镜下破碎7例（9．9％），次日再次破碎4例（5．6％）。术中胃黏膜因轻微机械性损伤有少量渗血，1例并发肠梗阻，无其他明显并发症。结论电子胃镜下应用适当的器械碎石或取石是治疗胃石症的最佳方法，操作简便，安全有效，值得临床推广应用。     

Cannula-guided snare with endoclip to assist in endoscopic submucosal dissection: an in vivo animal study

Background and objective: Assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with mucosal traction remains a challenge. This study explored an approach to assist in esophageal, gastric, colonic, and rectal ESD through a cannula-guided snare with endoclips (CSC-ESD), and aimed to preliminarily evaluate its feasibility in an in vivo porcine model.

Material and methods: Forty-seven digestive tract mucosae in six pigs were resected using CSC-ESD. The operative time, operative success rate, en bloc resection rate, and intraoperative complications were evaluated.

Results: The mean diameter of 12 resected esophageal mucosae was 4.4?±?1.7?cm and the mean operative time was 24?±?8?min. The mean diameter of 20 resected gastric mucosae was 3.8?±?0.9?cm and the operative time was 35?±?8?min. The mean diameter of 15 resected colonic and rectal mucosae was 3.6?±?1.0?cm and the operative time was 34?±?8?min. In all 47 resected mucosae, the en bloc resection rate was 100%, the operative success rate was 100%, and the intraoperative perforation rate was 4.3% (2/47) in the colon. No mucosal bruising or massive bleeding occurred during surgery.

Conclusion: The results indicated that this novel assistive method is feasible in esophageal, gastric, colonic and rectal ESD. The further research is worthwhile.     

内镜下结直肠息肉摘除术后急诊出血相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨结直肠息肉经内镜下摘除后并发急诊出血的危险因素及处理措施.方法 对2004年11月至2009年11月行内镜下结直肠息肉摘除术的313例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.采用SPSS 16软件进行二元Logistic回归分析.结果 313例结直肠息肉患者行内镜下息肉摘除术,共摘除息肉373颗.其中11例急诊出血,出血率为3.5％.回归分析结果显示内镜下结直肠息肉摘除后急诊出血的独立危险因素是高血压(P＜0.01),而与患者的性别、年龄、息肉大小、息肉形态、病理类型和摘除方式无关(P＞0.05).结论 高血压是结直肠息肉摘除后出血的独立危险因素.