Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score is predictive of prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy: a retrospective study

We aimed to assess the predictive value of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We retrospectively reviewed the records of 207 patients, with a median age of 79 years. The pretreatment mGPS was calculated and categorized as high (mGPS = 1–2) or low (mGPS = 0). The median follow-up duration was 40.7 months. The five-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and time to progression (TTP) rates were 44.3%, 36% and 54.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that mGPS was independently predictive of OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67; 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.44: P = 0.009), PFS (HR 1.58; 1.10–2.28: P = 0.014) and TTP (HR 1.66; 1.03–2.68: P = 0.039). Patients who had high mGPS showed significantly worse OS (33.3 vs 64.5 months, P = 0.003) and worse PFS (23.8 vs 39 months, P = 0.008) than those who had low mGPS. The data showed a trend that patients with high mGPS suffered earlier progression compared to those with low mGPS (54.3 vs 88.1 months, P = 0.149). We confirmed that mGPS is independently predictive of prognosis in NSCLC patients treated with SBRT.     

盆腔术中放疗限光筒的设计

本文设计并实现了一种安全可靠、操作方便的盆腔术中照射限光筒装置。该装置是由直线加速器治疗头适配器、体腔筒及衔接块组成,它为盆腔肿瘤术中放射治疗技术的开展提供了方便。     

The threshold of hypothyroidism after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: a retrospective analysis of 116 cases

The purpose of the present study was to determine the risk factors for developing thyroid disorders based on a dose–volume histograms (DVHs) analysis. Data from a total of 116 consecutive patients undergoing 3D conformal radiation therapy for head and neck cancers was retrospectively evaluated. Radiation therapy was performed between April 2007 and December 2010. There were 108 males and 8 females included in the study. The median follow-up term was 24 months (range, 1–62 months). The thyroid function was evaluated by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. The mean thyroid dose, and the volume of thyroid gland spared from doses ≥10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy (VS10, VS20, VS30 and VS40) were calculated for all patients. The thyroid dose and volume were calculated by the radiotherapy planning system (RTPS). The cumulative incidences of hypothyroidism were 21.1% and 36.4% at one year and two years, respectively, after the end of radiation therapy. In the DVH analyses, the patients who received a mean thyroid dose <30 Gy had a significantly lower incidence of hypothyroidism. The univariate analyses showed that the VS10, VS20, VS30 and VS40 were associated with the risk of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was a relatively common type of late radiation-induced toxicity. A mean thyroid dose of 30 Gy may be a useful threshold for predicting the development of hypothyroidism after radiation therapy for head and neck cancers.     

Association of volumetric-modulated arc therapy with radiation pneumonitis in thoracic esophageal cancer

The lung volume receiving low-dose irradiation has been reported to increase in volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) compared with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal cancer, which raises concerns regarding radiation pneumonitis (RP) risk. This single institutional retrospective cohort study aimed to explore whether VMAT for thoracic esophageal cancer was associated with RP. Our study included 161 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer, of whom 142 were definitively treated with 3DCRT and 39 were treated with VMAT between 2008 and 2018. Radiotherapy details, dose–volume metrics, reported RP risk factors and RP incidence were collected. The RP risk factors were assessed via multivariate analysis. Dose–volume analysis showed that VMAT delivered more conformal dose distributions to the target volume (P < 0.001) and reduced V_{30 Gy} of heart (57% vs 41%, P < 0.001) but increased V_{5 Gy} (54% vs 41%, P < 0.001) and V_{20 Gy} (20% vs 17%, P = 0.01) of lungs compared with 3DCRT. However, the 1-year incidence rates of RP did not differ between the two techniques (11.3% in 3DCRT vs 7.7% in VMAT, P = 0.53). The multivariate analysis suggested that the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) (P = 0.01) and V_{20 Gy} of lungs ≥20% (P = 0.008) were associated with RP. Conclusively, VMAT increased the lung volume receiving low to middle doses irradiation, although this might not be associated with RP. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of using VMAT for delivering conformal dose distributions on RP.     

Long-term outcomes of patients with unresectable benign meningioma treated with proton beam therapy

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of proton beam therapy (PBT) for unresectable benign meningiomas at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. From 1986–1998, 10 patients were treated at the Particle Radiation Medical Science Center (PRMSC) with a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of 1.0 using an accelerator built for physics experiments. The total dose was compensated with an X-ray in three patients. Following that, from 2002–2017, 17 patients were treated with a RBE value of 1.1 at the Proton Medical Research Center (PMRC) which was built for medical use. At the PRMSC, the total dose ranged from 50.4–66 Gy (median: 54 Gy). During the follow-up, which lasted between 3.8 and 31.6 years (median: 25.1 years), the 5-, 10-, 15-, 20- and 30-year local control rates were 100%, and the 5-, 10-, 15-, 20- and 30-year survival rates were 90, 80, 70, 70 and 36%, respectively. One patient died of brainstem radiation necrosis 5.1 years after PBT. At PMRC, the total dose ranged from 45.0–61.2 GyE, with a median of 50.4 GyE. During the follow-up, which lasted between 3 and 17 years with a median of 10.5 years, the 5-, 10- and 15-year local control rates were 94.1%, and the 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates were 100, 100 and 88.9%, respectively. Neither malignant transformation nor secondary malignancy was observed, indicating that fractionated PBT may be effective and safely control benign unresectable meningioma even for the lifelong period of time.     

3D-CRT放疗同步联合TP方案化疗治疗晚期食管癌

目的:观察3D-CRT放疗同步联合TP方案化疗治疗食管癌的疗效。方法:对40例食管癌患者采取三维适行放疗同步TPF方案肿瘤照射剂量为56-62gy,化疗采用紫杉醇联合顺铂方案。结果:完全缓解(CR)+部分缓解(PR)为32例,达到80%,1-3年生存率为68%、40%、21%。结论:3D-CRT放疗同步联合TP方案化疗治疗晚期食管癌疗效明显,可以耐受,对缓解症状、提高生存质量起到了积极作用。     

电子线靶区剂量计算软件的设计和实现

本研究通过实测建立了射野大小与输出剂量关系的数学模型,用VB程序设计语言开发了电子线靶区剂量计算的软件系统,软件模块包括射野输出因子和百分深度剂量(PDD)数据库、输入参数模块、计算模块、结果显示模块、软件容错模块等。系统开发完成后,用实测数据验证其计算结果的准确性,用极限条件及非常规数据验证软件的容错性及对异常数据的处理功能。测试结果表明,本研究开发的电子线靶区剂量计算软件计算结果准确、界面简洁、输入方便、容错性好,具有临床应用价值。     

Treatment outcomes of patients with FIGO Stage I/II uterine cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy: a multi-institutional retrospective research study

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of care and outcomes of patients with FIGO Stage I/II cervical cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy (RT) at multiple Japanese institutions. The Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG) performed a questionnaire-based survey of their cervical cancer patients who were treated with definitive RT between January 2000 and December 2005. A total of 667 patients were entered in this study. Although half of the patients were considered suitable for definitive RT based on the clinical features of the tumor, about one-third of the patients were prescribed RT instead of surgery because of poor medical status. The RT schedule most frequently utilized was whole-pelvic field irradiation (WP) of 30 Gy/15 fractions followed by WP with midline block of 20 Gy/10 fractions, and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) of 24 Gy/4 fractions prescribed at point A. Chemotherapy was administered to 306 patients (46%). The most frequent regimen contained cisplatin (CDDP). The median follow-up time for all patients was 65 months (range, 2–135 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS), pelvic control (PC) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates for all patients were 78%, 90% and 69%, respectively. Tumor diameter and nodal status were significant prognostic indicators for OS, PC and DFS. Chemotherapy has potential for improving the OS and DFS of patients with bulky tumors, but not for non-bulky tumors. This study found that definitive RT for patients with Stage I/II cervical cancer achieved good survival outcomes.     

Interfractional and intrafractional errors assessed by daily cone-beam computed tomography in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a prospective study

This prospective study was to assess interfractional and intrafractional errors and to estimate appropriate margins for planning target volume (PTV) by using daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Daily pretreatment and post-treatment CBCT scans were acquired separately after initial patient setup and after the completion of each treatment fraction in 10 patients treated with IMRT. Online corrections were made before treatment if any translational setup error was found. Interfractional and intrafractional errors were recorded in the right–left (RL), superior–inferior (SI) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions. For the translational shifts, interfractional errors >2 mm occurred in 21.7% of measurements in the RL direction, 12.7% in the SI direction and 34.1% in the AP direction, respectively. Online correction resulted in 100% of residual errors ≤2 mm in the RL and SI directions, and 95.5% of residual errors ≤2 mm in the AP direction. No residual errors >3 mm occurred in the three directions. For the rotational shifts, a significant reduction was found in the magnitudes of residual errors compared with those of interfractional errors. A margin of 4.9 mm, 4.0 mm and 6.3 mm was required in the RL, SI and AP directions, respectively, when daily CBCT scans were not performed. With daily CBCT, the margins were reduced to 1.2 mm in all directions. In conclusion, daily CBCT guidance is an effective modality to improve the accuracy of IMRT for NPC. The online correction could result in a 70–81% reduction in margin size.     

颌面部创伤患者临床98例回顾性研究

目的为了进一步研究颌面部创伤患者的临床特点,从而为相关研究提供借鉴和参考。方法选取该院2010年12月—2012年12月期间收治的颌面部创伤患者98例为研究对象,针对患者的性别分布特点、受伤原因分布特点、创伤部位分布特点进行了回顾性的统计分析。结果①98例颌面部创伤患者中,男性患者66例,所占比例为67.35%;女性患者32例,所占比例为32.65%。男性患者与女性患者的比例为2.06:1;②按照受伤原因分析,排名前三的受伤原因分别是交通事故受伤的患者59例;职业性受伤的患者14例;生活意外性受伤的患者11例;③按照创伤部位分析,排名前三的创伤部位分别是下颌骨骨折的患者32例;颧骨颧弓骨折的患者22例;多发性骨折的患者18例。结论男性人群是颌面部创伤的高发人群,交通事故受伤是导致颌面部创伤的主要原因,患者受伤的创伤部位主要是下颌骨骨折。     

SMART-Brain技术治疗脑转移瘤的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨基于调强技术实施脑转移瘤同期加量和重点功能区域保护的脑部放疗(simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for elective brain,SMART-Brain)的临床疗效与安全性。方法 选取60例多发脑转移瘤放疗患者作为研究对象,设计SMART-Brain计划。采用全脑调强技术,给予海马等重要功能区域的保护性脑照射,每次3.0 Gy,照射10次至总剂量达30 Gy,同期给予脑转移瘤每次4.0 Gy的高剂量照射至总剂量达40 Gy。随访所有患者,评估临床疗效、不良反应发生率、中位总生存和颅内无进展时间。结果 有效率为73.33%(44例);疾病控制率为91.67%(55例)。患者中位总生存和颅内无进展时间分别为15.2个月和12个月,1年和2年总生存率分别为66.7%和26.4%,1年颅内无进展生存率为46.7%。与放疗前相比,患者行SMART-Brain计划脑放疗结束后1个月、3个月和6个月时的简易智力状况检查法（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）评分无统计学差异（P&g...     

胃癌前病变转归影响因素回顾性队列研究

目的研究胃癌前病变的转归情况及其影响因素,为胃癌前病变或胃癌的预防提供基础资料。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法对江苏省溧阳市2004年前经病理确诊为胃癌前病变的患者进行随访,通过胃镜检查、病理诊断及问卷调查获取病理结局及相关影响因素。结果122 例胃癌前病变患者有41 例转归为非胃癌前病变,转归率为33.61%;Cox回归模型分析显示,在调整年龄、性别、职业、吸烟、饮茶、饮酒等因素后,与不采取治疗措施的对象比较,采取治疗措施对象发生转归的RR值为3.24(95%CI=1.22~8.57),常规服药对象发生转归的RR值为3.92(95%CI=1.45~10.64),西药治疗对象发生转归的RR值为2.84(95%CI=1.08~7.46),中药治疗对象发生转归的为RR值为5.13(95%CI=1.22~21.74)。结论采取治疗措施和常规服药是促使胃癌前病变患者发生良性转归的重要因素。     

新型TiGRT IVS系统引导肺癌调强放射治疗摆位研究

目的:以锥形束CT(cone beam CT,CBCT)配准结果为参考,验证TiGRT IVS系统的在线校位精度,从而验证其临床有效性及可行性.方法:选择2019年10月至2020年2月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院全军肿瘤研究所放疗中心接受调强放射治疗的30例肺癌患者.首次摆位时行TiGRT IVS系统和CBCT位置验证...     

Long-term clinical outcomes of patients receiving proton beam therapy for caudate lobe hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in the caudate lobe (caudate HCC) is rare; however, patients with this type of tumour have poorer prognoses than those with HCC in other segments. Despite many published reports on the clinical usefulness of proton beam therapy (PBT) for HCC, data on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing PBT for caudate HCC remain scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the outcomes of this group of patients. Thirty patients with caudate HCC who underwent definitive PBT between February 2002 and February 2014 were retrospectively analysed. The total irradiation doses ranged from 55 to 77 (median 72.6) Gy relative biological dose. The median follow-up period was 37.5 (range, 3.0–152.0) months. The overall survival (OS) rates at one, three and five years were 86.6%, 62.8% and 46.1%, respectively. According to univariate and multivariate analyses, Child-Pugh A (P < 0.01), having a single tumour (P = 0.02) and a low serum alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP; P < 0.01) were significant factors predicting longer survival. The local control (LC) rates at one, three and five years were 100%, 85.9% and 85.9%, respectively, while the corresponding progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 65%, 27.5% and 22%, respectively. No grade 3 or worse adverse events were observed. PBT is effective and safe for the treatment of caudate HCC, and should therefore be considered a feasible option for intervention in patients with this disease.     

晚期胆管癌立体定向放疗的临床分析

目的：总结分析晚期胆管癌患者临床病理因素,观察立体定向放射治疗晚期胆管癌的近期疗效及生存时间,探讨立体定向放疗在晚期胆管癌治疗中的作用。方法：选择在海军总医院接受体部伽玛刀治疗的58例晚期胆管癌患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：随访率为100%,全组患者近期疗效评估：完全缓解（CR）8例,部分缓解（PR）30例,病情稳定（SD）15例,临床获益率（CBR）为91.4%。有11例患者发生Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胃肠道反应,主要表现为食欲下降、恶心及呕吐,发生率为19.0%,13例出现腹痛,发生率为22.4%;4例患者发生发热,发生率为6.8%。结论：体部伽玛刀是治疗晚期胆管癌的有效方式,不良反应可耐受。     

Dosimetry analyses comparing high-dose-rate brachytherapy,administered as monotherapy for localized prostate cancer,with stereotactic body radiation therapy simulated using CyberKnife

The purpose of this study was to perform dosimetry analyses comparing high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) with simulated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We selected six consecutive patients treated with HDR-BT monotherapy in 2010, and a CyberKnife SBRT plan was simulated for each patient using computed tomography images and the contouring set used in the HDR-BT plan for the actual treatment, but adding appropriate planning target volume (PTV) margins for SBRT. Then, dosimetric profiles for PTVs of the rectum, bladder and urethra were compared between the two modalities. The SBRT plan was more homogenous and provided lower dose concentration but better coverage for the PTV. The maximum doses in the rectum were higher in the HDR-BT plans. However, the HDR-BT plan provided a sharper dose fall-off around the PTV, resulting in a significant and considerable difference in volume sparing of the rectum with the appropriate PTV margins added for SBRT. While the rectum D5cm³ for HDR-BT and SBRT was 30.7 and 38.3 Gy (P < 0.01) and V40 was 16.3 and 20.8 cm³ (P < 0.01), respectively, SBRT was significantly superior in almost all dosimetric profiles for the bladder and urethra. These results suggest that SBRT as an alternative to HDR-BT in hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer might have an advantage for bladder and urethra dose sparing, but for the rectum only when proper PTV margins for SBRT are adopted.