Differences in mortality from coronary artery bypass graft surgery at five teaching hospitals

OBJECTIVE. To measure hospital- and surgeon-specific mortality rates for patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and to examine possible reasons for any differences. DESIGN. Cohort study using hospital discharge abstracts and itemized bills. SETTING. Five major teaching hospitals in Philadelphia, Pa. PATIENTS. Consecutive sample of all 4613 patients over a 30-month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE. In hospital mortality rates. RESULTS. We observed differences in hospital mortality rates for patients who underwent coronary artery catheterization and CABG surgery during the same admission (diagnosis related group 106) but not for patients who underwent only CABG surgery during the admission (diagnosis related group 107). There were threefold differences in surgeon-specific mortality rates. The hospital mortality rates for coronary artery catheterization and CABG surgery during the same admission changed during the study and coincided with moves of surgeons among study hospitals. Our measures of illness severity did identify patients who were more likely to die, but differences in severity of illness did not explain differences in hospital- or surgeon-specific mortality rates. Patient mortality rates were not associated with the volume of procedures performed by individual surgeons. We found inconclusive evidence for an association with surgeons' clinical skills, and to a lesser extent, with the hospital's volume of procedures and the hospital's organization and staffing. A greater intensity of hospital services was not necessary for a lower mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that studies of CABG mortality should examine mortality rates by diagnosis related group, collect data from more than 1 year, examine associations with surgeons' clinical skills, include information on hospital organization and staffing, and cautiously explore more efficient ways of providing care.     

Health-related quality of life as a predictor of mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Participants of the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Processes, Structures, and Outcomes of Care in Cardiac Surgery

CONTEXT: Health-related quality of life has not been evaluated as a predictor of mortality following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Evaluation of health status as a mortality predictor may be useful for preoperative risk stratification. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Physical and Mental Component Summary scores from the preoperative Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health status survey predict mortality following CABG surgery after adjustment for known clinical risk variables. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study conducted between September 1992 and December 1996. SETTING: Fourteen Veterans Affairs hospitals. PATIENTS: Of the 3956 patients undergoing CABG surgery only and who were enrolled in the Processes, Structures, and Outcomes of Care in Cardiac Surgery study, the 2480 who completed a preoperative SF-36. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality within 180 days after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 117 deaths (4.7%) occurred within 180 days of CABG surgery. The Physical Component Summary of the preoperative SF-36 was a statistically significant risk factor for 6-month mortality after adjustment for known clinical risk factors for mortality following CABG surgery. In multivariate analysis, a 10-point lower SF-36 Physical Component Summary score had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.77; P=.006) for predicting mortality. The SF-36 Mental Component Summary score was not associated with 6-month mortality in multivariate analyses (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.29; P=.31). CONCLUSIONS: The Physical Component Summary score from the preoperative SF-36 is an independent risk factor for mortality following CABG surgery. The baseline Mental Component Summary score does not appear to be predictive of mortality. Preoperative patient self-report of the physical component of health status may be helpful for risk stratification and clinical decision making for patients undergoing CABG surgery.     

Trends in coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Victoria, 2001-2006: findings from the Australasian Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons database project

OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in preoperative clinical characteristics, risk profiles and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in Victoria. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: A prospective analysis of 9372 patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2006 in six Victorian public hospitals, using the Australasian Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trends in patient baseline characteristics and risk factors, postoperative morbidity and 30-day mortality rate. RESULTS: Over the 5 years, the mean age of patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery increased, from 65.4 years in 2001-02 to 66.0 years in 2005-06 (P < 0.001). There was also an increase in the proportion of patients with hypertension (70.2% to 75.8%; P < 0.001), respiratory disease (83.2% to 89.5%; P < 0.001) and left main coronary artery disease (22.1% to 26.1%; P = 0.03), while the number of patients undergoing repeat CABG surgery decreased (4.4% to 2.6%; P = 0.002). The overall 30-day mortality rate remained unchanged (2.2% to 1.8%; P = 0.983). Rates of other major postoperative complications showed no significant change over the study period. CONCLUSION: Rates of 30-day mortality and postoperative morbidity after CABG surgery have remained steady, despite the surgical population being older. Short-term outcomes after CABG surgery in Victoria remain among the most favourable reported in any population undergoing this surgery.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in Oklahoma: processes and outcomes of care

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a commonly performed operation on Oklahoma Medicare beneficiaries. In 1994, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services funded a project to evaluate process-oriented quality improvement activities for this surgery. Structured medical record review was performed on the charts of 2,312 Oklahoma Medicare patients who had a CABG surgery between July 1, 1995, and June 30, 1996, and on 926 patients who had their surgery from July 1 through December 31, 1998. Demographic, procedural and outcome variables were abstracted from each medical record. In addition to summarizing the clinical and demographic characteristics, we evaluated inter-hospital variations in both processes and outcomes of care. Significant variations in care were demonstrated for the 13 Oklahoma hospitals in which this operation was performed. The results of this project suggest that there are substantial opportunities to improve the quality of care for CABG in Oklahoma.     

Beating Heart versus Conventional Coronary Bypass Surgery: Our Experience

Background

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) has become the standard surgical treatment of Coronary Artery Disease in most centres in India. It is clear from the current evidence that, in certain patients, OPCAB offers advantages over conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Experience of this procedure in the Armed Forces is highlighted. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 nonrandomized consecutive patients taken up for OPCAB and 200 conventional CABG between Jan 2005 and Dec 2007 was done. The European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (euroSCORE) was used in all patients. Perioperative morbidity and mortality was compared in the two groups.

Result

OPCAB was possible in 192 (96 %) out of 200 patients taken up for this procedure. Eight patients required cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to complete the revascularization. Incidence of reoperation for bleeding was 2.5% in OPCAB and 6% in CABG In the CABG group 2% patients developed severe bleeding complications, 3% required ventilation for more than 24 hour, 1% required renal replacement therapy, 1% had acute respiratory distress syndrome and 3.5% had neuro-psychiatric manifestations. Incidence of these complications in OPCAB patients was lower or NIL. Overall mortality in the OPCAB group was 1.5% and 2% in the CABG group. However only one patient out of 192 (0.5%) who underwent successful OPCAB died, while two patients out of eight who required conversion to CPB in this group died. Incidence of stroke, deep sternal infection and mortality was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

OPCAB is safe, effective and can be offered to more than 90% patients as the primary strategy for surgical myocardial revascularization. It has lower overall morbidity than conventional CABG Its main limitations are hemodynamic instability and inability to find a deeply embedded target vessel. Both these factors affect the outcome adversely making conventional CABG a better option in these situations.Key Words: Off-pump coronary artery bypass!, Coronary artery bypass     

Surgical mortality as an indicator of hospital quality: the problem with small sample size

Context  Surgical mortality rates are increasingly used to measure hospital quality. It is not clear, however, how many hospitals have sufficient caseloads to reliably identify quality problems. Objective  To determine whether the 7 operations for which mortality has been advocated as a quality indicator by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] surgery, repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, pancreatic resection, esophageal resection, pediatric heart surgery, craniotomy, hip replacement) are performed frequently enough to reliably identify hospitals with increased mortality rates. Design and Setting  The US national average mortality rates and hospital caseloads of the 7 operations were determined using the 2000 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), and sample size calculations were performed to determine the minimum caseload necessary to reliably detect increased mortality rates in poorly performing hospitals. A 3-year hospital caseload was used for the baseline analysis, and poor performance was defined as a mortality rate double the national average. Main Outcome Measure  Proportion of hospitals in the United States that performed more than the minimum caseload for each operation. Results  The national average mortality rates for the 7 procedures examined ranged from 0.3% for hip replacement to 10.7% for craniotomy. Minimum hospital caseloads necessary to detect a doubling of the mortality rate were 64 cases for craniotomy, 77 for esophageal resection, 86 for pancreatic resection, 138 for pediatric heart surgery, 195 for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, 219 for CABG surgery, and 2668 for hip replacement. For only 1 operation did the majority of hospitals exceed the minimum caseload, with 90% of hospitals performing CABG surgery having a caseload of 219 or higher. For the remaining operations, only a small proportion of hospitals met the minimum caseload: craniotomy (33%), pediatric heart surgery (25%), repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (8%), pancreatic resection (2%), esophageal resection (1%), and hip replacement (<1%). Conclusion  Except for CABG surgery, the operations for which surgical mortality has been advocated as a quality indicator are not performed frequently enough to judge hospital quality.      

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病24例报告

目的:总结冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心病的临床经验.方法:收集24例行CABG的冠心病患者临床资料,对手术病例选择、手术方法、桥血管的选择及围手术期管理进行分析.结果:24例患者中14例为多支冠状动脉病变.所有患者采用胸部正中切口开胸,浅低温全身麻醉.其中13例行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,11例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术;共移植血管61支,人均2.5支;同期行心脏瓣膜置换5例,室壁瘤切除术1例.所有患者均恢复良好,无一例手术死亡.术后随访2个月～3年,患者心绞痛症状完全消失.结论:CABG是冠心病患者较为安全和有效的治疗方法.在基层医院开展此项技术,慎重选择病例、根据患者的病情特点及医疗条件决定手术方式、恰当选择移植血管及做好围手术期管理工作是保证手术成功的关键.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in Canada: national and provincial mortality trends, 1992-1995

BACKGROUND: Despite a body of research on outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Canada, little is known about Canada-wide outcome trends and interregional differences in outcome. The objectives of this study were to examine Canadian trends in rates of in-hospital death after CABG and to compare provincial risk-adjusted death rates. METHODS: Hospital discharge data were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information and were used to identify complete cohorts of patients who underwent CABG in 8 provinces in fiscal years 1992/93 through 1995/96. Data from Quebec hospitals were not available. A logistic regression model was used to calculate risk-adjusted death rates by year, province, and province and year. RESULTS: A total of 50,357 CABG cases were studied, with an overall death rate of 3.6%. A national trend of decreasing mortality was found, with a risk-adjusted death rate of 3.8% in 1992/93 versus 3.2% in 1995/96 (relative decrease of 17%) (p < 0.001 for difference across years). Some provinces (e.g., Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario) achieved overall declines in death rates over the study period, whereas others (e.g., British Columbia and Saskatchewan) did not. The average severity of illness of patients who underwent CABG differed considerably across provinces. Despite risk adjustment for these differences, provincial death rates varied significantly (p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION: Rates of death after CABG in Canada decreased significantly in a relatively short period. Despite this encouraging finding, there were interprovincial differences in severity of illness and risk-adjusted death rates. This finding raises the possibility of unequal access to CABG and variable quality of care for patients undergoing the surgery across Canadian provinces.     

Characteristics and outcomes of patients who "did not wait" after attending Perth public hospital emergency departments, 2000-2003

OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics and outcomes of patients who did not wait to see a doctor in emergency departments (EDs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based outcome study using probabilistically linked ED and Western Australian death records, with ED records from all seven Perth public hospitals that have EDs from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of "did not wait" (DNW) presentations, overall and for individual hospitals; characteristics of DNW patients; mortality rates among DNW patients at 2, 7 and 30 days. RESULTS: DNW rates varied from 2.6% to 6.3% (average, 4.1%) and were generally lower in tertiary teaching hospitals. DNW patients had conditions of lower urgency, predominantly Australasian Triage Scale category 4 (67.1%) and 5 (23.4%). The DNW rates in these categories were 5.8% and 10.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients referred by health care providers had lower DNW rates (0.5%; P < 0.001). DNW patients were more frequently male (4.4% v 3.8%; P < 0.001), and young to middle-aged adults (15-44 years; 5.8%; P < 0.001). Patients with a higher than average DNW rate were more likely to arrive by private transport (5.0%; P < 0.001) or with police (5.8%; P < 0.001), re-present for review (8.6%; P < 0.001) or have social or behavioural problems (7.7%; P < 0.001). Most patients (91.9%) did not wait on only one occasion. The 30-day mortality rate among DNW patients was significantly lower than for patients seen by a doctor and discharged (0.14 v 0.20%; P = 0.026), and for all patients seen in the ED (1.28%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who did not wait for medical assessment in Perth EDs had conditions of lower acuity and had lower mortality rates than those who waited for assessment.     

Alabama coronary artery bypass grafting project: results of a statewide quality improvement initiative.

CONTEXT: Efforts to improve quality of care in the cardiac surgery field have focused on reducing the risk-adjusted mortality associated with common surgical procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the best methodological approach to improvement is under debate. OBJECTIVE: To test an intervention to improve performance of CABG surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Quality improvement project based on baseline (July 1, 1995-June 30, 1996) and follow-up (July 1-December 31, 1998) performance measurements from medical record review for all 20 Alabama hospitals that provided CABG surgery. PATIENTS: Medicare patients discharged after CABG surgery in Alabama (n = 5784), a comparison state (n = 3214), and a national sample (n = 3758). INTERVENTION: Confidential hospital-specific performance feedback and assistance with multimodal improvement interventions, including the option to share relevant experience with peers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of intubation, reintubation rate, aspirin therapy at discharge, use of the internal mammary artery (IMA), hospital readmission rate, and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Proportion of extubation within 6 hours increased from 9% to 41% in Alabama, decreased from 40% to 39% in the comparison state, and increased from 12% to 25% in the national sample. Use of IMA increased from 73% to 84%, 48% to 55%, and 74% to 81%, respectively, in the 3 samples, but aspirin use increased only in Alabama (from 88% to 92%). The amount of improvement in all 3 of these process measures was greater in Alabama than in the other samples (IMA use for Alabama vs comparison state was P =.001 and for Alabama vs national sample, P =.02; and P<.001 for all other comparisons). Risk-adjusted mortality decreased in Alabama (4.9% to 2.9%), but this decrease was not statistically significantly different from mortality changes in the other groups (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.07 vs national sample). CONCLUSION: Confidential peer-based regional performance feedback and process-oriented analysis of shared experience are associated with some improvement in quality of care for patients who underwent CABG surgery.     

Preoperative beta-blocker use and mortality and morbidity following CABG surgery in North America

CONTEXT: beta-Blockade therapy has recently been shown to convey a survival benefit in preoperative noncardiac vascular surgical settings. The effect of preoperative beta-blocker therapy on coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) outcomes has not been assessed. OBJECTIVES: To examine patterns of use of preoperative beta-blockers in patients undergoing isolated CABG and to determine whether use of beta-blockers is associated with lower operative mortality and morbidity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Observational study using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (NCD) to assess beta-blocker use and outcomes among 629 877 patients undergoing isolated CABG between 1996 and 1999 at 497 US and Canadian sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Influence of beta-blockers on operative mortality, examined using both direct risk adjustment and a matched-pairs analysis based on propensity for preoperative beta-blocker therapy. RESULTS: From 1996 to 1999, overall use of preoperative beta-blockers increased from 50% to 60% in the NCD (P<.001 for time trend). Major predictors of use included recent myocardial infarction; hypertension; worse angina; younger age; better left ventricular systolic function; and absence of congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, and diabetes. Patients who received beta-blockers had lower mortality than those who did not (unadjusted 30-day mortality, 2.8% vs 3.4%; odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.82). Preoperative beta-blocker use remained associated with slightly lower mortality after adjusting for patient risk and center effects using both risk adjustment (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97) and treatment propensity matching (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00). Procedural complications also tended to be lower among treated patients. This treatment advantage was seen among the majority of patient subgroups, including women; elderly persons; and those with chronic lung disease, diabetes, or moderately depressed ventricular function. Among patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 30%, however, preoperative beta-blocker therapy was associated with a trend toward a higher mortality rate (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96-1.33; P =.23). CONCLUSIONS: In this large North American observational analysis, preoperative beta-blocker therapy was associated with a small but consistent survival benefit for patients undergoing CABG, except among patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 30%. This analysis further suggests that preoperative beta-blocker therapy may be a useful process measure for CABG quality improvement assessment.     

A regional prospective study of in-hospital mortality associated with coronary artery bypass grafting. The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group

OBJECTIVE--A prospective regional study was conducted to determine if the observed differences in in-hospital mortality rates associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are solely the result of differences in patient case mix. DESIGN-Regional prospective cohort study. Data including patient demographic and historical data, body surface area, cardiac catheterization results, priority of surgery, comorbidity, and status at hospital discharge were collected. This study presents data for 3055 CABG patients between July 1, 1987, and April 15, 1989. SETTING--This study includes data from all surgeons performing cardiothoracic surgery in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont; the data were collected from five regional medical centers. PATIENTS--Data were collected from all consecutive isolated CABG surgery patients during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Crude and adjusted in-hospital mortality rates associated with CABG. MAIN RESULTS--The overall crude in-hospital mortality rate for isolated CABG was 4.3%. The rate varied among centers (range, 3.1% to 6.3%) and among surgeons (range, 1.9% to 9.2%). Predictors of in-hospital mortality included increased age, female gender, small body surface area, greater comorbidity, reoperation, poorer cardiac function as indicated by a lower ejection fraction, increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure and emergent or urgent surgery. After adjusting for the effects of potentially confounding variables, substantial and statistically significant variability was observed among medical centers (P = .021) and among surgeons (P = .025). CONCLUSION--We conclude that the observed differences in in-hospital mortality rates among institutions and among surgeons in northern New England are not solely the result of differences in case mix as described by these variables and may reflect differences in currently unknown aspects of patient care. Understanding this variation requires a detailed understanding of the processes of care.     

冠状动脉旁路移植围术期生活质量状况及相关心理影响因素

目的调查该科行患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围手术期的生活质量状况以及探讨术后抑郁焦虑等心理因素对术后生活质量的影响。方法以该科连续行择期CABG术的61例患者为研究对象,分别在术前1周内和术后出院前1天使用ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表和生活质量评定量表SF-36进行抑郁焦虑状态和生活质量状况评定。根据患者术后是否存在抑郁焦虑状态把患者分为抑郁焦虑组和非抑郁焦虑组,对比分析两组间术前、术后的生活质量状况。结果手术前共有20例(32.8%)阳性患者,其中10例患者存在抑郁状态,7例患者同时存在抑郁和焦虑状态,3例存在焦虑状态。手术后共有29例(47.5%)阳性患者,其中15例患者存在抑郁状态,12例患者同时存在抑郁和焦虑状态,2例存在焦虑状态。术后抑郁标准分显著高于术前抑郁标准分(P=0.022),焦虑标准分术前、术后虽然差异没有显著性,但术后焦虑标准分平均值高于术前。比较术后生活质量评分发现抑郁焦虑组社会功能和精神健康分项评分显著低于非抑郁焦虑组(P=0.001,P=0.036),其他分项和总评分差别没有显著性,但平均值均低于非抑郁焦虑抑郁组。结论CABG术后存在抑郁焦虑状态的患者生活质量评分中社会功能和精神健康分项评分显著降低不存在抑郁焦虑状态的患者,需要引起重视以提高患者术后的生活质量。     

Mortality in Medicare beneficiaries following coronary artery bypass graft surgery in states with and without certificate of need regulation

Context  Certificate of need regulation was designed to control health care costs by preventing health care facilities from expanding unnecessarily. While there have been several studies investigating whether these regulations have affected health care investment, few have evaluated the relationship between certificate of need regulation and quality of care. Objective  To compare risk-adjusted mortality and hospital volumes for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in states with and without certificate of need regulation. Design, Setting, and Participants  Retrospective cohort study of 911 407 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older, who underwent CABG surgery between 1994 and 1999 in 1063 US hospitals. Main Outcome Measures  States (and the District of Columbia) with continuous (n = 27), none (n = 18), or intermittent (n = 6) certificate of need regulation; mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days of CABG surgery) rates; and mean annual hospital volumes for CABG surgery. Results  Unadjusted mortality was 5.1% in states without certificate of need regulation compared with 4.4% in states with continuous regulation, and 4.3% in states with intermittent certificate of need regulation (P<.001 for each comparison). Adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, mortality remained higher in states without certificate of need regulation compared with states with continuous certificate of need regulation (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.28; P<.001). Using the same groups for comparison, the mean annual hospital volume for CABG surgery was 84% lower in states without certificate of need regulation (104 vs 191; P<.001) and more patients underwent CABG surgery in low-volume hospitals (<100 procedures annually) (30% vs 10% for states with continuous certificate of need programs; P<.001). Following the repeal of certificate of need regulation in states categorized as intermittent, the percentage of patients undergoing CABG surgery in low-volume hospitals tripled. Conclusions  Mortality rates for Medicare patients undergoing CABG surgery were higher in states without certificate of need regulation. Repeal of certificate of need regulations during the study period was associated with declines in hospital volume for CABG surgery.      

既往经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠状动脉旁路手术结局的影响

目的:分析既往行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)在患者行冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)时对手术结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析中国人民解放总医院2002年-2010年共117名有既往PCI史患者与既往无PCI史患者1 189例行首次CABG的资料,在住院病死率、主要心血管事件方面进行对比。结果:本组共1 306例患者,平均年龄(63±9.72)岁。既往1次PCI史患者99例,既往2次以上PCI史的患者18例。既往有PCI史的患者年龄较小,近期心肌梗死(心梗)较少,与CABG间隔(13.39±13.81)月;冠状动脉造影资料提示既往有PCI的患者左主干及3支病变较少。2组患者在术后心梗、再次开胸止血、术后中风、术后肾衰方面没有明显差别,主要心脏不良事件(Mace事件)两组之间无明显差别(2.6%vs 1.1%,P=0.167),术后住院死亡率2组亦无明显差别(1.7%vs 0.5%,P=0.156)。结论:既往PCI与患者行首次CABG的风险之间无明显相关性,既往PCI患者行CABG可以获得很好的结果。     

24-hour in-hospital mortality predictions in coronary artery bypass grafting patients

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that can help predict risk of mortality in the first 24 h of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), because mortality within a few hours of surgery is a disastrous event for surgeons and the patient's family. METHODS: The study population consisted of 120 in-hospital mortality cases (1.07%) from 11,183 patients who underwent CABG from February 2002 to February 2006 by the same group of surgeons in a referral center. One group consisted of 40/120 (about 33.3%) patients who died during the first 24 h after surgery. The second group consisted of 80/120 patients (66.7%) who died between the 2(nd) and 30(th) day postoperatively. A set of data was gathered from the surgery database of the hospital and analyzed in a univariate model. RESULTS: Among the studied variables, only the following factors proved to be significant: previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), previous cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) time, and postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) (p 相似文献   

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery: current University Hospital (K.L.) experience.

A personal series of 163 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur between March 1988 and December 1990 were reviewed retrospectively to determine factors affecting hospital morbidity and mortality. One hundred and thirty eight were elective cases while 25 patients underwent emergency CABG surgery. Of these, 15 patients had recent myocardial infarction, with unstable haemodynamics or post infarct angina; six had failed angioplasty procedures and four patients immediately following coronary angiogram. The elective hospital mortality rate was 2.2% (three cases) and there were two deaths in the emergency group. Pre-operatively 20 patients (13%) had very poor left ventricular function of less than 30% ejection fraction. Significant improvement in ejection fraction was observed following surgery. The follow-up periods were between three months to three years. Ninety eight percent of patients showed improvement in their functional status (NYHA classification) in relation to angina and exercise performance.     

Use of Public Performance Reports: A Survey of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Context.— Publicly released performance reports ("report cards") are expected to foster competition on the basis of quality. Proponents frequently cite the need to inform patient choice of physicians and hospitals as a central element of this strategy. Objective.— To examine the awareness and use of a statewide consumer guide that provides risk-adjusted, in-hospital mortality ratings of hospitals that provide cardiac surgery. Design.— Telephone survey conducted in 1996. Setting.— Pennsylvania, where since 1992, the Pennsylvania Consumer Guide to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG] Surgery has provided risk-adjusted mortality ratings of all cardiac surgeons and hospitals in the state. Participants.— A total of 474 (70%) of 673 eligible patients who had undergone CABG surgery during the previous year at 1 of 4 hospitals listed in the Consumer Guide as having average mortality rates between 1% and 5% were successfully contacted. Main Outcome Measures.— Patients' awareness of the Consumer Guide, their knowledge of its ratings, their degree of interest in the report, and barriers to its use. Results.— Ninety-three patients (20%) were aware of the Consumer Guide, but only 56 (12%) knew about it before surgery. Among these 56 patients, 18 reported knowing the hospital rating and 7 reported knowing the surgeon rating, 11 said hospital and/or surgeon ratings had a moderate or major impact on their decision making, but only 4 were able to specify either or both correctly. When the Consumer Guide was described to all patients, 264 (56%) were "very" or "somewhat" interested in seeing a copy, and 273 (58%) reported that they probably or definitely would change surgeons if they learned that their surgeon had a higher than expected mortality rate in the previous year. A short time window for decision making and a limited awareness of alternative hospitals within a reasonable distance of home were identified as important barriers to use. Conclusions.— Only 12% of patients surveyed reported awareness of a prominent report on cardiac surgery mortality before undergoing cardiac surgery. Fewer than 1% knew the correct rating of their surgeon or hospital and reported that it had a moderate or major impact on their selection of provider. Efforts to aid patient decision making with performance reports are unlikely to succeed without a tailored and intensive program for dissemination and patient education.      

不同血运重建方式治疗复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全的围术期疗效比较

目的对比研究冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）和经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）治疗复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全 （LVD）的围术期疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年1月~2013年12月在我院接受CABG和PCI治疗的复杂冠脉病变合并左心功 能不全（左室射血分数LVEF≤50%）患者的临床资料,其中CABG 患者386 例,PCI 患者580 例,采用1∶1 配对方法,以 EuroSCORE危险因素及术前超声心动图指标为配对标准,两组各纳入患者135例,比较两组患者近期结果及术前术后左室形态 及功能变化。结果两组患者基线资料比较,PCI组慢性肺病及3个月内心梗发生率显著高于CABG组（8.1% vs 0.7%,P=0.003; 64.4% vs 31.9%,P=0.000）,而左主干病变比例显著低于CABG组（12.6% vs 23.7%,P=0.018）,其它方面两组之间无统计学差 异。血运重建结果比较：CABG组处理的靶血管数目明显多于PCI组（2.90±0.81 vs 1.67±0.73,P=0.000）,完全再血管化程度明 显高于PCI 组（94.8% vs 51.8%,P=0.000）。术后术前超声结果比较：CABG组与PCI 组LVEF差值无显著差异（P=0.171）,而 CABG组LVEDD差值明显高于PCI组（P=0.000）。围术期不良事件方面,两组住院死亡率及其它严重并发症无统计学差异。 结论对于复杂冠脉病变合并LVD患者,CABG与PCI均为安全可行的血运重建方式。与PCI相比,CABG完全再血管化程度 更高,术后早期左心功能改善更为明显。     

不同血运重建方式对冠心病合并非重度左心功能不全患者预后的影响

目的 比较经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)对冠心病合并非重度左心功能不全患者预后的影响.方法 选择2011年1月至2013年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院住院的冠心病合并非重度慢性心力衰竭行血运重建患者412例为研究对象,根据血运重建方式分为PCI组268例和CABG组144例.随访截止至2016年1月,随访主要终点事件为全因病死率,次要终点事件为非致死性心肌梗死、再次血运重建及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率,比较PCI组与CABG组长期预后的差别.结果 随访时间5(3,6)年,其中PCI组失访28例(10.4％),CABG组失访17例(11.8％).住院期间总MACE、死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建(TVR)发生率两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);心功能变化比较,PCI组有效比例高于CABG组,无效比例PCI组低于CABG组(P＜0.05).随访期间,PCI组累积全因病死率低于CABG组(7.8％vs.19.4％,P＜0.05),总MACE发生率低于CABG组(38.1％vs.43.8％,P＜0.05);PCI组累积非致死性心肌梗死发生率、累积TVR率与CABG组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Cox模型多因素分析矫正后,PCI组总MACE发生率(HR=1.357,95％CI 1.105～1.729),全因病死率(HR=0.426,95％CI 0.121 ～ 0.753)仍低于CABG组(P＜0.05);TVR率、非致死性心肌梗死的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 冠心病合并非重度心功能不全患者行PCI安全有效,与CABG组相比心功能改善更明显,可降低全因病死率和MACE.