Community Alarm Systems

No abstract available for this article.     

医用报警系统中视觉报警信号的测试方法

介绍了几种可用于医用报警系统中视觉报警信号的测试方法,以进行YY 0709-2009的符合性验证,包括直接测量报警信号灯的供电脉冲、拍摄视频动画后进行图像分析和用光电传感器测量等,对几种方法的优劣进行了比较。重点提出了一种以硅光电池作为传感器、并在前端增加滤光片、在输出端增加放大电路、用示波器接收信号的方法,解决了液晶模拟闪烁信号的测试难点,能够适应各种医用电气设备的视觉报警信号测试。     

Carbon Monoxide Alarm and Smoke Alarm Use Among Parents Recruited From a Pediatric Emergency Department

Although the proper installation and maintenance of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke alarms can protect individuals from residential CO-related and fire-related injuries, these devices are underutilized. We describe characteristics associated with self-reported CO and smoke alarm use of parents recruited from a pediatric emergency department to improve CO alarm use. Parents of children ≤ 18 years (N = 299) reported socio-demographic characteristics and CO and smoke alarm ownership and practices. We assigned participants to a behavioral profile and a Precaution Adoption Process Model stage based on their self-reported CO and smoke alarm use. Most participants (71%) did not have CO alarms in their homes, but reported owning at least one working smoke alarm (98%). Participants who reported “perfect” CO alarm behavior (defined as having a working CO alarm, one near a sleeping area, with batteries replaced every 6 months; 9%) were more likely to earn a higher income, own their home, and have lived at their current residence for at least 2 years. Participants who reported “perfect” smoke alarm behavior (defined as having a working smoke alarm on every level, with batteries replaced every 6 months; 49%) were more likely to rent their home, receive federal assistance, and have lived at their current residence for at least 2 years. Interventions to increase correct CO alarm use are necessary.     

监督控制与报警在医用气体及手术室中的应用

医用监督控制和报警设备的设置目的在于确保医疗服务之安全及有效率的运作。其在医用气体、吸引及手术室中的应用可分为三大区块:1.供给源控制报警设备及使用端之区域报警器。2.手术房监督控制面板。3.上述设备的中央监管系统。各级设备的设置应参考国际通行规范,遵循分层防护、安全预警、风险分散、及时并连续监督、与必要的重复监督等原则。新一代相关产品采用硬体模组化、开放式软体及硬体,更人性化设计,大幅度提升系统的设置弹性与效能。这些产品的内建通讯能力也充分反应了医院数位化的国际发展趋势。在设置或更新系统时,可参考这些产品的设计理念,预先做好进一步向上整合的准备。     

Strategies to Increase Smoke Alarm Use in High-Risk Households

A 3-year project was undertaken to evaluate two methods of promoting residential smoke alarm installation and maintenance in high risk households across the U.S. Five states (Arkansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, and North Carolina) participated. The two strategies under study were direct installation of smoke alarms and distribution of a voucher for free smoke alarms. The target population included occupants of high-risk households without working smoke alarms who were approached as part of a door-to-door canvassing program. Fire Safety education was provided to both groups. A follow up assessment conducted 6-12 months post intervention assessed the presence and functional status of smoke alarms in each of the two groups. Demographic and fire safety data were also collected at baseline and follow up for each group. 4,455 households were enrolled in the study [Installation Group: 2,206 (49.5%), Voucher Group: 2,249 (50.5%)]. Baseline characteristics of the groups within each state were comparable. Follow up data was obtained on 1,583 installation group households and 1,545 voucher group households. At follow up, 1,421 (89.8%) households in the installation group had working smoke alarms, compared with 997 (65%) households in the voucher group, Odds Ratio 4.82 (95% CI=3.97, 5.85) (p <.0001). On average, 47% of all households enrolled in the voucher group did not redeem their vouchers (range 26-63%). Direct installation of alarms by program staff resulted in working smoke alarms in 90% of households receiving the direct installation intervention. Only 65% of voucher households had functioning alarms at follow up, largely due to failure to redeem vouchers.